Criminology

Theory Reading List

I also recommend searching top criminology journals, including Criminology, Justice Quarterly, Critical Criminology, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Crime and Delinquency, Feminist Criminology, and more. These are all available online through the library.

Rational Choice/Deterrence

Required

· Beccaria, Cesare. 1819. “Of Crimes and Punishments”. In Classics of Criminology (pp.406-414), edited by Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Gialopsos, Brooke Miller. 2010. “Cornish, Derek B., and Ronald V. Clarke: Rational Choice Theory.” In Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory (pp.215-220), edited by Francis T. Cullen and Pamela Wilcox. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

· Maxwell, Christopher D., Joel H. Garner, and Jeffrey A. Fagan. 2002. “Preventive Effects of Arrest on Intimate Partner Violence: Research, Policy and Theory.” Criminology 2(1): 51-80.

· Nagin, Daniel S. 2013. “Deterrence: A Review of the Evidence by a Criminologist for Economists.” Annual Review of Economics 5:1, 83-105.

Recommended

· Pratt, Travis C., Francis T. Cullen, Kristie R. Blevins, Leah E. Daigle, and Tamara D. Madensen. 2009. “The Empirical Status of Deterrence Theory: A Meta-Analysis”. In Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp.367-396), edited by Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Akers, Ronald L. 1990. “Rational Choice, Deterrence, and Social Learning Theory in Criminology: The Path Not Taken”. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 81.3: 653-676.

· Cohen, Lawrence and Marcus Felson. 1979. “Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach.” American Sociological Review, 44, 588-608.

· Paternoster, Ray and Greg Pogarsky. 2009. “Rational Choice, Agency and Thoughtfully Reflective Decision Making: The Short and Long-Term Consequences of Making Good Choices.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 25:103–127.

· Cohen, Lawrence, James Kluegel and Kenneth Land. 1981. “Social Inequality and Predatory Criminal Victimization: An Exposition and Test of a Formal Theory.” American Sociological Review, 46, 505-524.

· Tonry, Michael. 2008. “Learning from the Limitations of Deterrence Research.” Crime and Justice 37:279-311

· Loughran Thomas A., Raymond Paternoster, Aaron Chalfin A, Theodore Wilson. 2016. “Can Rational Choice be Considered a General Theory Of Crime? Evidence from Individual-Level Panel Data”. Criminology 54:86–112.

· Matsueda, Ross L., Derek A. Kreager, and David Huizinga. 2006. “Deterring Delinquents: A Rational Choice Model of Theft and Violence.” American Sociological Review 71:95-122.

Biological/Psychological

Required

· Beccalossi, Chiara. 2010. “Lombroso, Cesara: The Criminal Man” In Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory (pp.560-565), edited by Francis T. Cullen and Pamela Wilcox. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

· Massey, Douglas S. 2015. “Brave New World of Biosocial Science” Criminology 53(1): 127-131.

· Hanser, Robert D. 2010. “Raine, Adrian: Crime as a Disorder” In Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory (pp.768-771), edited by Francis T. Cullen and Pamela Wilcox. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

· Tibbetts, Stephen G. and Alex R. Piquero. 1999 “The Influence of Gender, Low Birth Weight and Disadvantaged Environment in Predicting Early Onset of Offending: A Test of Moffitt's Interactional Hypothesis.” Criminology 37(4): 843-877.

Recommended

· Laub, John H. and Robert J. Sampson. 1988. “Unraveling Families and Delinquency: A Reanalysis of the Gluecks' Data.” Criminology 26(3):355-380.

· Arseneault, L., Tremblay, R. E., Boulerice, B., Seguin, J. R., & Saucier, J. (2000). Minor physical anomalies and family adversity as risk factors for adolescent violent delinquency. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 917–923.

· Bartol, C., & Bartol, A. (2007). Criminal behavior: A psychosocial approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

· Bufkin, J. L., & Luttrell, V. R. (2005). Neuroimaging studies of aggressive and violent behavior: Current findings and implications for criminology and criminal justice. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 6, 176–191.

· Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and lifecourse-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674–701.

· Moffitt, T. E., & Walsh, A. (2003). The adolescencelimited/life-course-persistent theory of antisocial behavior: What have we learned? In A. Walsh & L. Ellis (Eds.), Biosocial criminology: Challenging environmentalism’s supremacy (pp. 125–144). Hauppage, NY: Nova Science.

· Raine, A. (1993). The psychopathology of crime: Criminal behavior as a clinical disorder. New York: Academic Press.

· Vaughn, M. G. (2016). Policy implications of biosocial criminology. Criminology & Public Policy, 15(3), 703-710.

· Walsh, Anthony and Kevin M. Beaver. 2008. Biosocial Criminology: New Directions in Theory and Research. New York, NY: Routledge.

· Rocque, M., & Posick, C. (2017). Paradigm shift or normal science? the future of (biosocial) criminology. Theoretical Criminology, 21(3), 288-303.

· Rocque, M., Welsh, B. C., & Raine, A. (2012). Biosocial criminology and modern crime prevention. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(4), 3065.

· Burt, C. H., & Simons, R. L. (2014). Pulling Back The Curtain On Heritability Studies: Biosocial Criminology In The Postgenomic Era. Criminology, 52(2), 223-262.

· Hughes, N. (2015). Understanding the influence of neurodevelopmental disorders on offending: Utilizing developmental psychopathology in biosocial criminology. Criminal Justice Studies, 28(1), 39.

· Raine, A. (2002). Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: A review. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(4), 311-326.

· Fox, B. (2017). It's nature and nurture: Integrating biology and genetics into the social learning theory of criminal behavior. Journal of Criminal Justice, 49, 22-31.

· Nedelec, J. L., Park, I., & Silver, I. A. (2016). The effect of the maturity gap on delinquency and drug use over the life course: A genetically sensitive longitudinal design. Journal of Criminal Justice, 47, 84-91,95-99.

Social Disorganization

Required

· Kubrin, Charis E. 2010. “Shaw, Clifford R. and Henry D. McKay: Social Disorganization Theory” In Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory (pp.827-834), edited by Francis T. Cullen and Pamela Wilcox. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

· Sampson, Robert J. and Byron Groves. 1989. “Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social Disorganization Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 94:774-802.

· Sampson, Robert J. 2012. “The Theory of Collective Efficacy.” In Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect (pp.149-178). University of Chicago Press.

· Burchfield, Keri B. and Eric Silver. 2013. “Collective Efficacy and Crime in Los Angeles Neighborhoods: Implications for the Latino Paradox” Sociological Inquiry 83(1): 154-176.

Recommended

· Bursik, Robert J., Jr. 1988. "Social Disorganization and Theories of Crime and Delinquency: Problems and Prospects." Criminology 26:519-552.

· Sampson, Robert J. Stephen Raudenbush, and Felton Earls. 1997. “Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multi-Level Study of Collective Efficacy.” Science 277:918-24.

· Warner, Barbara D. and Robert J. Sampson. 2015. “Social Disorganization, Collective Efficacy, and Macro-Level Theories of Social Control.” Advances in Criminological Theory 19:215-34.

· Matsueda, Ross L. 2006. “Differential Social Organization, Collective Action, and Crime.” Crime, Law and Social Change 46:3-33.

· Kirk, David S. and Andrew V. Papachristos. 2015. “Concentrated Disadvantage, the Persistence of Legal Cynicism, and Crime: Revisiting the Conception of ‘Culture’ in Criminology.” Advances in Criminological Theory 19:259-274.

· Shaw, Clifford, and Henry H. McKay. 1931. Juvenile Delinquency in Urban Areas. University of Chicago Press.

· Bursik, Robert J. Jr. and Harold G. Grasmick. 1993. Neighborhoods and Crime: The Dimensions of Effective Community Control. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.

· Kirk, David S. and Mauri Matsuda. 2011. “Legal Cynicism, Collective Efficacy, and the Ecology of Arrest”. Criminology 49.2: 443-472.

· Kirk, David S. “Prisoner Reentry and the Reproduction of Legal Cynicism”. Social Problems 63: 222-243.

· Sampson, Robert J. 2009. “Collective Efficacy Theory: Lessons Learned and Directions for Future Inquiry”. In Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp.149-167), edited by Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Peterson, Ruth D., Lauren J. Krivo, and Christopher R. Browning. 2009. “Segregation and Race/Ethnic Inequality in Crime: New Directions”. In Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp.169-187), edited by Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Hipp, John R. 2011. “Spreading the Wealth: The Effect of the Distribution of Income and Race/Ethnicity Across Household and Neighborhoods on City Crime Trajectories”. Criminology 49.3: 631-665.

· Hwang, Jackelyn and Robert J. Sampson. 2014. “Divergent Pathways of Gentrification: Racial Inequality and the Social Order of Renewal in Chicago Neighborhoods”. American Sociological Review 79.4: 726-751.

· Steenbeek, Wouter and John R. Hipp. 2011. “A Longitudinal Test of Social Disorganization Theory: Feedback Effects Among Cohesion, Social Control, and Disorder”. Criminology 49.3: 833-871.

· Sampson, Robert J. 2008. “Moving to Inequality: Neighborhood Effects and Experiments Meet Social Structure”. American Journal of Sociology 114.1: 189-231.

· De Coster, Stacy, Karen Heimer, and Stacy M. Wittrock. 2006. “Neighborhood Disadvantage, Social Capital, Street Context, and Youth Violence”. The Sociological Quarterly 47: 723-753.

· Sampson, Robert J., Jeffrey D. Morenoff, and Thomas Gannon-Rowley. 2002. “”Assessing ‘Neighborhood Effects’: Social Processes and New Directions in Research”. Annual Review of Sociology 28: 443-478.

· Kubrin, Charis E. and Ronald Weitzer. 2003. “New Directions in Social Disorganization Theory”. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 40.4: 374-402.

· Papachristos, Andrew V., Chris M. Smith, Mary L. Scherer, and Melissa A. Fugiero. 2011. “More Coffee, Less Crime? The Relationship between Gentrification and Neighborhood Crime Rates in Chicago, 1991 to 2005”. City and Community 10.3: 215-240.

Routine Activities

Required

· Cohen, Lawrence E. and Marcus Felson. 1979. “Social Change and Crime: A Routine Activity Approach”. In Classics of Criminology (pp.45-53), edited by Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Leukfeldt, Eric Rutger and Majid Yar. 2016. “Applying Routine Activity Theory to Cybercrime: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis”, Deviant Behavior, 37:3, 263-280.

· Kelling, George L. and James Q. Wilson. 1982. “Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety” Atlantic Monthly 249 (3), 29-38.

· Welsh BC, Braga AA, Bruinsma GJN. 2015. Reimagining Broken Windows: From Theory to Policy. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 52(4):447-463.

· Sparks, Tony. 2018. “Reproducing Disorder: The Effects of Broken Windows Policing on Homeless People with Mental Illness in San Francisco” Social Justice 45(2/3): 51-74.

Recommended

· Apel, Robert and Julie Horney. 2017. “How and Why Does Work Matter? Employment Conditions, Routine Activities, and Crime Among Adult Male Offenders”. Criminology 55.2: 307-343.

· Sherman, Lawrence W., Patrick R. Gartin and Michael E. Buerger. 1989. “Hot Spots Of Predatory Crime: Routine Activities And The Criminology Of Place”. Criminology 27.1: 27-56.

· Miller, J. (2013). Individual offending, routine activities, and activity settings: Revisiting the routine activity theory of general deviance. The Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 50(3), 390.

· Pratt, T. C., Holtfreter, K., & Reisig, M. D. (2010). Routine online activity and internet fraud targeting: Extending the generality of routine activity theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 47(3), 267-296.

· Hollis, M. E., Felson, M., & Welsh, B. C. (2013). The capable guardian in routine activities theory: A theoretical and conceptual reappraisal. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 15(1), 65-79.

· Bunch, J., Clay-Warner, J., & Lei, M. (2015). Demographic characteristics and victimization risk: Testing the mediating effects of routine activities. Crime and Delinquency, 61(9), 1181-1205.

· Braga, Anthony A. and Brenda J. Bond. 2008. “Policing Crime And Disorder Hot Spots: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. Criminology 46.3: 577-607.

· Sampson, Robert J. and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 1999. “Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods.” American Journal of Sociology 105(3): 603-651.

· Sampson, R. J., & Raudenbush, S. W. (2004). Seeing disorder: Neighborhood stigma and the social construction of "broken windows". Social Psychology Quarterly, 67(4), 319-342.

· Osgood, D. Wayne, Janet K. Wilson, Patrick M. O’Malley, Jerald G. Bachman & Lloyd D. Johnson. 1996. Routine Activities and Individual Deviant Behavior. American Sociological Review 61 (4): 635-55.

Strain

Required

· Merton, Robert K. 1938. “Social Structure and Anomie”. American Sociological Review 3.5: 672-682.

· Broidy, Lisa M. 2001. “A Test of General Strain Theory”. Criminology 39.1: 9-36.

· Messner, Steven F. and Richard Rosenfeld. 2013. Crime and the American Dream. Wadsworth.

· Savolainen, Jukka. 2000. “Inequality, Welfare State, and Homicide: Further Support for Institutional Anomie Theory” Criminology 38(4): 1021-1042.

Recommended

· Agnew, Robert. 1985. “A Revised Strain Theory of Delinquency”. Social Forces 64.1: 151-167.

· Agnew, Robert. 1992. “Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency”. Criminology 30.1: 47-87.

· Durkheim, Emile. 1951. “Suicide”. In Classics of Criminology (pp.235-240), edited by Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Agnew, Robert. 2009. “General Strain Theory: Current Status and Directions for Further Research”. In Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp.101-123), edited by Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Messner, Robert F. and Richard Rosenfeld. 2009. “The Present and Future of Institutional-Anomie Theory”. In Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp.127-148), edited by Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Agnew, Robert and Helene Raskin White. 1992. “An Empirical Test of General Strain Theory”. Criminology 30.4: 475-499.

· Messner, Steven F. and Richard Rosenfeld. 1997. “Political Restraint of the Market and Levels of Criminal Homicide: A Cross-National Application of Institutional-Anomie Theory”. Social Forces 75.4: 1393-1416.

· Agnew, Robert, Timothy Brezina, John Paul Wright, and Francis T. Cullen. 2002. “Strain, Personality Traits, and Delinquency: Extending General Strain Theory”. Criminology 40.1: 43-71.

· Slocum, Lee Ann, Sally S. Simpson, and Douglas A. Smith. 2005. “Strained Lives and Crime: Examining Intra-Individual Variation in Strain and Offending in a Sample of Incarcerated Women”. Criminology 43.4: 1067-1110.

· Messner, Steven F. Helmut Thome, and Richard Rosenfeld. 2008. “Institutions, Anomie, and Violent Crime: Clarifying and Elaborating Institutional-Anomie Theory”. International Journal of Conflict and Violence 2.2: 163-181.

· De Coster, Stacy and Lisa Kort-Butler. 2006. “How General is General Strain Theory? Assessing Determinacy and Indeterminacy across Life Domains”. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 43.4: 297-325.

· De Coster, Stacy and Rena Cornell Zito. 2010. “Gender and General Strain Theory: The Gendering of Emotional Experiences and Expressions”. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 26.2: 224-245.

· Agnew, Robert. 2012. “Reflection on ‘A Revised Strain Theory of Delinquency’”. Social Forces 91.1: 33-38.

· Kaufman, Joanne M., Cesar J. Rebellon, Sherod Thaxton, and Robert Agnew. 2008. “A General Strain Theory of Racial Differences in Criminal Offending”. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 41.3: 421-437.

· Moon, Byongook, Kraig Hays, and David Blurton. 2009. “General Strain Theory, Key Strains, and Deviance”. Journal of Criminal Justice 37: 98-106.

· Bernard, Thomas J. 1987. “Testing Structural Strain Theories.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 24:262-280.

· Chamlin, Mitchell B. and John K. Cochran. 1995. “Assessing Messner and Rosenfield’s Institutional Anomie Theory: A Partial Test.” Criminology 33:411-429.

· Menard, Scott. 1995. “A Developmental Test of Mertonian Anomie Theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 32:136-174.

· Cloward, Richard. 1959. “Illegitimate Means, Anomie, and Deviant Behavior.” American Sociological Review 24:164-176.

· Kubrin, Charis E., Tim Wadsworth, and Stephanie DiPietro. 2006. “Deindustrialization, Disadvantage, and Suicide Among Young Black Males” Social Forces 84:1559-1578.

· Featherstone, Richard and Mathieu Deflem. 2003. “Anomie and Strain: Context and Consequence of Merton’s Two Theories.” Sociological Inquiry 73:471-89.

· Agnew, Robert, Timothy Brezina, John Paul Wright, and Francis T. Cullen. 2002. “Strain, Personality Traits, and Delinquency: Extending General Strain Theory” Criminology 40:43-72.

Subcultural

Recommended

· Cullen, Francis T. 2010. “Cloward, Richard A., and Lloyd E. Ohlin: Delinquency and Opportunity” In Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory (pp.170-174), edited by Francis T. Cullen and Pamela Wilcox. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

· Joe, K., & Chesney-Lind, M. (1995). "Just Every Mother's Angel": An Analysis of Gender and Ethnic Variations in Youth Gang Membership. Gender and Society, 9(4), 408-431.

· Anderson, Elijah. 1998. “The Social Ecology of Youth Violence” Crime and Justice 24: 65-104.

· Matsueda, Ross, Kevin Drakulich and Charles Kubrin. 2006. Race and Neighborhood Codes of Violence. In The Many Colors of Crime: Inequalities of Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America (pp.334-356), edited by Ruth D. Peterson, Lauren J. Krivo, and John Hagan. New York University Press.

· Cohen, Albert K. 1955. Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. Free Press.

· Cloward, Richard A. and Lloyd E. Ohlin. 1966. Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs. Free Press.

· Cullen, Francis T. 1988. “Were Cloward and Ohlin Strain Theorists? Delinquency and Opportunity Revisited”. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 25.3: 214-241.

· Hagedorn, John M. 1998. “Gang Violence in the Postindustrial Era”. Crime and Justice 24: 365-419.

· Anderson, Elijah. (1999). Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. W.W. Norton and Company.

· Campbell, Anne. 1987. “Self Definition by Rejection: The Case of Gang Girls”. Social Problems 34.5: 451-466.

· Joe, Karen A. and Meda Chesney-Lind. 1995. “’Just Every Mother’s Angel’: An Analysis of Gender and Ethnic Variations in Youth Gang Membership”. Gender and Society 9.4: 408-431.

· Laidler, Karen Joe and Geoffrey Hunt. 2001. “Accomplishing Femininity Among the Girls in the Gang”. British Journal of Criminology 41: 656-678.

· Miller, Jody. 2001. One of the Guys: Girls, Gangs, and Gender. Oxford University Press.

· McGloin, Jean Marie, Christopher J. Schrek, Eric A. Stewart and Graham C. Ousey. 2011. “Predicting the Violent Offender: The Discriminant Validity of the Subculture of Violence”. Criminology 49.3: 767-794.

· Miller, Walter B. 1958. “Lower Class Culture as a Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency”. Journal of Social Issues 14.3: 5-19.

· Smith, Chris M. 2014. “The Influence of Gentrification on Gang Homicides in Chicago Neighborhoods, 1994 to 2005”. Crime and Delinquency 60.4: 569-591.

· Papachristos, Andrew V. 2013. “The Importance of Cohesion for Gang Research, Policy, and Practice”. Criminology and Public Policy 12.1: 49-58.

· Papachristos, Andrew V., David M. Hureau, and Anthony A. Braga. 2013. “The Corner and the Crew: The Influence of Geography and Social Networks on Gang Violence”. American Sociological Review 78.3: 417-447.

Differential Association/Social Learning

Required

· Sykes, Gresham M. and David Matza. 1957. “Techniques of Neutralization”. In Classics of Criminology (pp.295-298), edited by Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Sutherland, Edwin H. 1947. “Differential Association”. In Classics of Criminology (pp.299-301), edited by Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Piquero, Nicole Leeper, Stephen G. Tibbetts and Michael B. Blankenship (2005) “Examining the role of differential association and techniques of neutralization in explaining corporate crime” Deviant Behavior, 26:2, 159-188.

· Sellers, Christine S. and Thomas Winfree. 2010. “Ackers, Ronald L.: Social Learning Theory” In Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory (pp.21-29), edited by Francis T. Cullen and Pamela Wilcox. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

· Powers RA, Cochran JK, Maskaly J, Sellers CS. Social Learning Theory, Gender, and Intimate Partner Violent Victimization: A Structural Equations Approach. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2020;35(17-18):3554-3580.

Recommended

· Sykes, Gresham M. and David Matza. 1957. “Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency”. American Sociological Review 22.6: 664-670.

· Burgess, Robert L. and Ronald L. Akers. 1966. “A Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory of Criminal Behavior”. Social Problems 14.2: 128-147.

· Akers, Ronald L. 1990. “Rational Choice, Deterrence, and Social Learning Theory in Criminology: The Path Not Taken”. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 81.3: 653-676.

· Akers, Ronald L. 2009. Social Learning and Social Structure: A General Theory of Crime and Deviance. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Matsueda, Ross L. 1982. “Testing Control Theory and Differential Association: A Causal Modeling Approach”. American Sociological Review 47: 489-504.

· Matsueda, Ross L. 1988. “The Current State of Differential Association Theory”. Crime and Delinquency 34.3: 277-306.

· Akers, Ronald L. and Gary F. Jensen. 2009. “The Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory of Crime and Deviance: The Past, Present, and Future”. In Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp.37-76), edited by Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Heimer, Karen. 1997. “Socioeconomic Status, Subcultural Definitions, and Violent Delinquency”. Social Forces 75.3: 799-833.

· Hoffmann, John P. 2003. “A Contextual Analysis of Differential Association, Social Control, and Strain Theories of Delinquency”. Social Forces 81.3: 753-785.

· Piquero, Nicole Leeper, Angela R. Gover, John M. MacDonald, and Alex R. Piquero. 2005. “The Influence of Delinquent Peers on Delinquency: Does Gender Matter?”. Youth and Society 36.3: 251-275.

· Haynie, Dana L. and D. Wayne Osgood. 2005. “Reconsidering Peers and Delinquency: How do Peers Matter?”. Social Forces 84.3: 1109-1130.

· Pratt, Travis C., Francis T. Cullen, Christine S. Sellers, L. Thomas Winfree Jr., Leah E. Daigle, Noelle E. Fearn, and Jancinta M. Gau. 2010. “The Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory: A Meta-Analysis”. Justice Quarterly, 27.6: 765-802.

· Matsueda, Ross L. and Karen Heimer. 1987. “Race, Family Structure and Delinquency: A Test of Differential Association and Social Control Theories”. American Sociological Review 52.6: 826-840.

· Matsueda, Ross L. and Kathleen Anderson. 1998. “The Dynamics of Delinquent Peers and Delinquent Behavior”. Criminology 36.2: 269-308.

· McCarthy, Bill, Diane Felmlee, and John Hagan. 2004. “Girl Friends are Better: Gender, Friends, and Crime among School and Street Youth”. Criminology 42.4: 805-836.

· Haynie, Dana L., Nathan J. Doogan, and Brian Soller. 2014. “Gender, Friendship Networks, and Delinquency: A Dynamic Network Approach”. Criminology 52.4: 688-722.

· Haynie, Dana L., Eric Silver, and Brent Teasdale. 2006. “Neighborhood Characteristics, Peer Networks, and Adolescent Violence”. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 22: 147-169.

· Haynie, Dana L. and Danielle C. Payne. 2006. “Race, Friendship Networks, and Violent Delinquency”. Criminology 44.4: 775-805.

· Akers, Ronald L. and Gary F. Jensen. 2006.”Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory of Crime and Deviance: The Past, Present, and Future.” Advances in Criminological Theory 15:37-76.

· Rebellon, Cesar J. 2006. “Do Adolescents Engage in Delinquency to Attract the Social Attention of Peers? An Extension and Longitudinal Test of the Social Reinforcement Hypothesis.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 43:387-411.

Social Control/Self-Control

Required

· Hirschi, Travis. 2002. “A Control Theory of Delinquency” In Causes of Delinquency (pp.16-34). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Gardner, L., & Shoemaker, D. J. (1989). Social bonding and delinquency: A comparative analysis. The Sociological Quarterly, 30(3), 481–500.

· Gottfredson, Michael R. and Travis Hirschi. 2010. “A General Theory of Crime” In Criminological Theory: Readings and Retrospectives (pp. 289-299), edited by Heith Copes and Volkan Topalli. New York: McGraw Hill.

· Pratt, Travis C. and Francis C. Cullen. 2000. “The Empirical Status of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime: A Meta-Analysis.” Criminology 38:931-64.

Recommended

· Hirschi, Travis. 2002. Causes of Delinquency. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Sampson, Robert J. and John H. Laub. 1990. “Crime and Deviance Over the Life Course: The Salience of Adult Social Bonds”. American Sociological Review 55: 609-627.

· Gottfredson, Michael R. and Travis Hirschi. 1990. A General Theory of Crime. Stanford University Press.

· Taylor, Claire. 2001. “The Relationship between Social and Self-Control: Tracing Hirschi’s Criminological Career”. Theoretical Criminology 5.3: 369-388.

· Unnever, James D., Francis T. Cullen, Scott A. Mathers, Timothy E. McClure and Marisa C. Allison. 2009. “Racial Discrimination and Hirschi’s Criminological Classic: A Chapter in the Sociology of Knowledge”. Justice Quarterly 26.3: 377-409.

· Grasmick, Harold G., Charles R. Tittle, Robert J. Bursik Jr, and Bruce J. Arneklev. 1993. “Testing the Core Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime”. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30.1: 5-29.

· Brownfield, David. 2010. “Social Control, Self-Control, and Gang Membership”. Journal of Gang Research 17.4: 1-12.

· Hagan, John, John Simpson, and A.R. Gillis. 1987. “Class in the Household: A Power-Control Theory of Gender and Delinquency”. In Classics of Criminology (pp.329-338), edited by Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Piquero, Nicole Leeper and Alex R. Piquero. 2006. “Control Balance and Exploitative Corporate Crime”. Criminology 44.2: 397-430.

· Gottfredson, Michael R. 2009. “The Empirical Status of Control Theory in Criminology”. In Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp.77-100), edited by Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Matsueda, Ross L. and Karen Heimer. 1987. “Race, Family Structure and Delinquency: A Test of Differential Association and Social Control Theories”. American Sociological Review 52.6: 826-840.

· Matsueda, Ross L. and Kathleen Anderson. 1998. “The Dynamics of Delinquent Peers and Delinquent Behavior”. Criminology 36.2: 269-308.

· Ward, Jeffrey T., John H. Boman, IV, and Shayne Jones. 2015. “Hirschi’s Redefined Self-Control: Assessing the Implications of the Merger Between Social- and Self-Control Theories”. Crime and Delinquency 61.9: 1206-1233.

· Wiatrowski, Michael D., David B. Griswold, and Mary K. Roberts. 1981. "Social Control Theory and Delinquency. American Sociological Review 46:525-41.

· Agnew, Robert. 1985. “Social Control Theory And Delinquency: A Longitudinal Test,” Criminology 23:47-61.

· Greenberg, David. 1999. “The Weak Strength of Social Control Theory.” Crime and Delinquency 45:66-81.

· Wright et al. (1999), “Low self-control, social bonds, and crime: Social causation, social selection, or both?” Criminology 37:479-514.

· Burt, Simons, and Simons. 2005. “A longitudinal test of the effects of parenting and the stability of self-control: Negative evidence for the general theory of crime,” Criminology 44: 353-396.

· Ward, Jeffrey T., John H. Boman, and Shayne Jones. 2012. “Hirschi’s Redefined Self-Control: Assessing the Implications of the Merger Between Social- and Self-Control Theories. Crime & Delinquency.

Developmental/Life-Course

Recommended

· Laub, John H., Robert J. Sampson, and Gary A. Sweeten. 2009. “Assessing Sampson and Laub’s Life-Course Theory of Crime”. In Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp.313-333), edited by Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Warr, Mark. 1998. “Life-Course Transitions and Desistance from Crime” Criminology 36(2): 183-216.

· Kazemian, L. (2007). Desistance From Crime: Theoretical, Empirical, Methodological, and Policy Considerations. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 23(1), 5–27.

· Brehm HN, Uggen C, McElrath S. 2018. A Dynamic Life-course Approach to Genocide. Social Currents 5(2):107-119.

· Sampson, Robert J. and John H. Laub. 1992. “Crime And Deviance In The Life Course,” Annual Review of Sociology 18:63-84.

· Laub, John H., Daniel S. Nagin, and Robert J. Sampson. 1998. “Trajectories of Change in Criminal Offending: Good Marriages and the Desistance Process.” American Sociological Review 63:225-38.

· Laub, John H. and Robert J. Sampson. 2003. Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives: Delinquent Boys to Age 70. Harvard University Press.

· Blumstein, Alfred and Jacqueline Cohen. 1987. “Characterizing Criminal Careers”. In Classics of Criminology (pp.64-74), edited by Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Moffitt, Terrie E. 1993. “Adolescence-Limited and Life-Course-Persistent Antisocial Behavior: A Developmental Taxonomy”. In Classics of Criminology (pp.84-112), edited by Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Sampson, Robert J. and John H. Laub. 1990. “Crime and Deviance Over the Life Course: The Salience of Adult Social Bonds”. American Sociological Review 55: 609-627.

· Moffitt, Terrie E. 2009. “A Review of Research on the Taxonomy of Life-Course Persistent Versus Adolescence-Limited Antisocial Behavior”. In Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp.277-311), edited by Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Farrington, David P. 2009. “Building Developmental and Life-Course Theories of Offending”. In Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp.335-364), edited by Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Kreager, Derek A., Ross L. Matsueda, and Elena A. Erosheva. 2010. “Motherhood and Criminal Desistance in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods”. Criminology 48.1: 221-258.

· Doherty, Elaine Eggleston. 2006. “Self-Control, Social Bonds, and Desistance: A Test of Life-Course Interdependence”. Criminology 44.4: 807-833.

· Hoffmann, John P. 2010. “A Life-Course Perspective on Stress, Delinquency, and Young Adult Crime”. American Journal of Criminal Justice 35: 105-120.

· Piquero, Alex R., John M. MacDonald, and Karen F. Parker. 2002. “Race, Local Life Circumstances, and Criminal Activity”. Social Science Quarterly 83.3: 654-670.

Labeling

Required

· Lemert, Edwin. 1951. “Primary and Secondary Deviation”. In Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce (Eds). Classics of Criminology (pp.351-353). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Becker, Howard. 1991. “Outsiders”. In Classics of Criminology (pp.354-361), edited by Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Chiricos, T., Barrick, K., Bales, W., & Bontrager, S. (2007). The labeling of convicted felons and its consequences for recidivism. Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 45(3), 547–581.

· Braithwaite, J. (2000). Shame and criminal justice. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 42(3), 281–298.

Recommended

· Bernburg, J. G., Krohn, M. D., & Rivera, C. J. (2006). Official Labeling, Criminal Embeddedness, and Subsequent Delinquency: A Longitudinal Test of Labeling Theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 43(1), 67–88.

· Becker, Howard S. 1963. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: The Free Press.

· Braithwaite, John. 1989. Crime, Shame and Reintegration. New York: Cambridge University Press.

· Tannenbaum, Frank. 1938. “The Dramatization of Evil”. In Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce (Eds). Classics of Criminology (pp.349-350). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Goode, Erich, and Nachman Ben-Yahuda. 1994. “Moral Panics: Culture, Politics, and Social Construction”. Annual Review of Sociology 20:149-71.

· Goffman, Erving. 1963. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster.

· Link, Bruce G., and Jo C. Phelan. 2001. “Conceptualizing Stigma”. Annual Review of Sociology 27:363-385.

· Matsueda, Ross L. 1992. “Reflected Appraisals, Parental Labeling, and Delinquency: Specifying a Symbolic Interactionist Theory”. American Journal of Sociology 97.6: 1577-1611.

· Heimer, Karen, and Ross L. Matsueda. 1994. “Role-taking, Role Commitment, and Delinquency: A Theory of Differential Social Control”. American Sociological Review 59.3: 365-390.

· Davies, Scott, and Julian Tanner. 2003. “The Long Arm of the Law: Effects of Labeling on Employment”. Sociological Quarterly 44.3: 385-404.

· Pager, Devah. 2003. “The Mark of a Criminal Record”. American Journal of Sociology 108.5: 937-975.

· Brezina, Timothy, and Amie A. Aragones. 2004. “Devils in Disguise: The Contribution of Positive Labeling to ‘Sneaky Thrills’ Delinquency”. Deviant Behavior 25: 513-535.

· Bernburg, Jon Gunnar, Marvin D. Krohn, and Craig J. Rivera. 2006. “Official Labeling, Criminal Embeddedness, and Subsequent Delinquency: A Longitudinal Test of Labeling Theory”. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 43.1: 67-88.

· Chiricos, Ted, Kelle Barrick, William Bales, and Stephanie Bontrager. 2007. “The Labeling of Convicted Felons and its Consequences for Recidvism”. Criminology 45.3: 547-581.

· Brownfield, David, and Kevin Thompson. 2008. “Correlates of Delinquent Identity: Testing Interactionist, Labeling, and Control Theory”. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 3.1: 44-53.

· Grattet, Ryken. 2011. “Societal Reactions to Deviance”. Annual Review of Sociology 37: 185-204.

· Kavish, Daniel Ryan, Christopher W. Mullins, and Danielle A. Soto. 2016. “Interactionist Labeling: Formal and Informal Labeling’s Effects on Juvenile Delinquency”. Crime and Delinquency 62.10: 1313-1336.

· Chambliss, William. 1973. “Race, Sex, and Gangs: The Saints and the Roughnecks”. Society 11.1: 24-31.

· Paternoster, Ray and Shawn Bushway. 2009. “Desistance and the ‘Feared Self’: Toward an Identity Theory of Criminal Desistance”. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 99.4: 1103-1156.

· Paternoster, Raymond, and Leeann Iovanni. 1989. "The Labeling Perspective and

· Delinquency: An Elaboration of the Theory and an Assessment of the Evidence." Justice Quarterly 6(3): 359-394.

Critical: Conflict/Marxist

Required

· Quinney, Richard. 1980. “Class, State, and Crime”. In Classics of Criminology (pp.173-182), edited by Joseph E. Jacoby, Theresa A. Severance, and Alan S. Bruce. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

· Chambliss, W.J. 1975. Toward a political economy of crime. Theory and Society 2, 149–170.

· Pontell, H.N., Black, W.K. & Geis, G. 2014. Too big to fail, too powerful to jail? On the absence of criminal prosecutions after the 2008 financial meltdown. Crime, Law and Social Change 61, 1–13.

Recommended

· Lynch, M.J. 2015. The classlessness state of criminology and why criminology without class is rather meaningless. Crime, Law and Social Change 63, 65–90.

· Michalowski, Raymond. 2012. “The History of Critical Criminology in the United States” In Routledge Handbook of Critical Criminology edited by DeKeseredy, Walter and Molly Dragiewicz. New York: Routledge.

· Currie, Elliott. 2012. “Violence and Social Policy,” In Routledge Handbook of Critical Criminology edited by DeKeseredy, Walter and Molly Dragiewicz. New York: Routledge.

· Bohm, Robert. 1982. “Radical Criminology: An Explication”. Criminology 19.4: 565-589.

· Curtis, C. (2003). An Exploration of Critical Criminology and the Policy Making Process. Race, Gender & Class, 10(1), 144.

· Currie, E. (1999). Radical criminology - or just criminology - then, and now. Social Justice, 26(2), 16-18.

· Hulsman, L. H. C. (1986). Critical criminology and the concept of crime. Contemporary Crises, 10(1), 63.

· Williams, K. R., & Drake, S. (1980). Social structure, crime and criminalization: An empirical examination of the conflict perspective. The Sociological Quarterly, 21(4), 563-575.

· Rothe, D. L., & Friedrichs, D. O. (2006). The state of the criminology of crimes of the state. Social Justice, 33(1), 147-161.

· Pratt, T. C., & Lowenkamp, C. T. (2002). Conflict theory, economic conditions, and homicide: A time-series analysis. Homicide Studies, 6(1), 61-83.

· Sims, B. A. (1997). Crime, punishment, and the american dream: Toward a marxist integration. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34(1), 5-24.

· Lasslett, K. (2010). Crime or social harm? A dialectical perspective. Crime, Law and Social Change, 54(1), 1-19.

· Antonaccio, Olena and Charles R. Tittle. 2007. “A Cross‐National Test Of Bonger's Theory Of Criminality And Economic Conditions” Criminology 45.4: 925-958.

· Welch, M. 1996. Critical criminology, social justice, and an alternative view of incarceration. Critical Criminology 7, 43–58.

· Akers, R. L. 1979. “Theory and Ideology in Marxist Criminology.” Criminology 16(February):527-544.

· Colvin, M. and J. Pauly . 1983. “A Critique of Criminology: Toward an Integrated Structural-Marxist Theory of Delinquency Production.” American Journal of Sociology 89(3):513-551.

· O'Malley, P. (1987). Marxist theory and marxist criminology. Crime and Social Justice, (29), 70-87.

· Jacobs, David and D. Britl. 1979. “Inequality and Police Use of Deadly Force: An Empirical Assessment of a Conflict Hypothesis.” Social Problems 26:403-411.

· Lynch, Michael and W. Byron Groves . 1985. A Primer in Radical Criminology. New York: Harrow & Heston.

· Spitzer, Steven . 1975. “Toward a Marxian Theory of Deviance.” Social Problems 22(June):638-651.

· Adamson, Christopher. 1984. ‘Towarda Marxian Theory of Penology: Captive Criminal Populations as Economic Threats and Resources.’Social Problems, 31(4): 435–458

· Chiricos, Theodore G., and William D. Bales. 1991. ‘Unemployment and Punishment: An Empirical Assessment.’Criminology, 29(4): 701–724

· Irwin, J. 1985. The Jail: Managing the Underclass in American Society. Berkeley: University of California Press

· Reiman, Jeffrey H. 1995.The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison: Ideology, Class, and Criminal Justice, 4th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon

· Turk, Austin. 1979. ‘Analyzing Official Deviance: For Nonpartisan Conflict Analysis in Criminology.’Criminology, 16(4): 459–476

Critical: Green/Environmental

Required

· White, Rob. 2012. “Criminology and Environmental Harm” In Crimes Against Nature : Environmental Criminology and Ecological Justice (pp.3-31), edited by Rob White. Willan Publishing.

· Lynch, M.J., Barrett, K.L. 2015. Death Matters: Victimization by Particle Matter from Coal Fired Power Plants in the US, a Green Criminological View. Critical Criminology 23, 219–234.

· Katz, R.S. 2010. The Corporate Crimes of Dow Chemical and the Failure to Regulate Environmental Pollution. Critical Criminology 18, 295–306.

Recommended

· Lynch, Michael J. and Paul B. Stretesky. 2010. “Global Warming, Global Crime: A Green Criminological Perspective” In Global Environmental Harm: Criminological Perspectives (pp.62-84), edited by Rob White. Willan Publishing.

· McClanahan, B. 2014. Green and Grey: Water Justice, Criminalization, and Resistance. Critical Criminology 22, 403–418.

· Bradshaw, E. A. (2015). Blacking out the Gulf: State-corporate environmental crime and the response to the 2010 BP oil spill. In G. Barak (Ed.), The Routledge international handbook of the crimes of the powerful (pp. 363–372). London: Routledge.

· Brisman, A., & South, N. (2012). A green-cultural criminology: An exploratory outline. Crime, Media, Culture, 9(2), 115–135.

· Brisman, A., & South, N. (2014). Green cultural criminology: Constructions of environmental harm, consumerism, and resistance to ecocide. New York: Routledge.

· Burns, R. (2015). Corporate crimes and the problems of enforcement. In G. Barak (Ed.), The Routledge international handbook of the crimes of the powerful (pp. 157–171). London: Routledge.

· De Pryck, K., & Gemenne, F. (2017). The Denier-in-Chief: Climate Change, Science and the Election of Donald J. Trump. Law and Critique, 28, 119–126.

· Ferrell, J. (2013). Tangled up in green: Cultural criminology and green criminology. In N. South & A. Brisman (Eds.), The Routledge international handbook of green criminology (pp. 349–364). New York: Routledge.

· Johnson, H., South, N., & Walters, R. (2016). The commodification and exploitation of fresh water: Property, human rights and green criminology. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 44, 146–162.

· Lynch, M. J., & Stretsky, P. B. (2003). The meaning of green: Contrasting criminological perspectives. Theoretical Criminology, 7(2), 217–238.

· Lynch, M. J., Stretsky, P. B., & Hammond, P. (2000). Media coverage of chemical crimes, Hillsborough County, Florida, 1987–97. British Journal of Criminology, 40, 112–126.

· Lynch, M. J., Stretsky, P. B., & Long, M. A. (2017). State and green crimes related to water pollution and ecological disorganization: Water pollution from publicly owned treatment works (POTW) facilities across US States. Palgrave Communications, 3, 1–11.

· McClanahan, B., Brisman, A., & South, N. (2015). Privatization, pollution and power: A green criminological analysis of present and future global water crises. In G. Barak (Ed.), The Routledge international handbook of the crimes of the powerful (pp. 223–234). London: Routledge.

· Ruggiero, V., & South, N. (2013). Green criminology and crimes of the economy: Theory, research and praxis. Critical Criminology, 21, 359–373.

· South, N. (1998). A green field for criminology? A proposal for a perspective. Theoretical Criminology, 2(2), 211–233.

· White, R. (2002). Environmental harm and the Political Economy of Consumption. Social Justice, 29(1/2), 82–102.

· White, R. (2003). Environmental issues and the criminological imagination. Theoretical Criminology, 7(4), 483–506.

· White, R. (2015). Climate change, ecocide and the crimes of the powerful. In G. Barak (Ed.), The Routledge international handbook of the crimes of the powerful (pp. 211–222). London: Routledge.

Critical: Feminist/Gender/Queer

Required

· Miller, Jody and Christopher W. Mullins. 2009. “The Status of Feminist Theories in Criminology”. In Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp.217-249), edited by Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Potter, H. (2006). An Argument for Black Feminist Criminology: Understanding African American Women’s Experiences With Intimate Partner Abuse Using an Integrated Approach. Feminist Criminology, 1(2), 106–124.

· Buist, C.L., Stone, C. 2014. Transgender Victims and Offenders: Failures of the United States Criminal Justice System and the Necessity of Queer Criminology. Critical Criminology 22, 35–47.

Recommended

· Kathleen Daly & Meda Chesney-Lind (1988) Feminism and criminology, Justice Quarterly, 5:4, 497-538.

· Messerschmidt, James W. 1997. Crime as Structured Action: Doing Masculinities, Race, Class, Sexuality, and Crime. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

· Daly, Kathleen. 1997. “Different Ways of Conceptualizing Sex/Gender in Feminist Theory and Their Implications for Criminology”. Theoretical Criminology 1.1: 25-51.

· Baca Zinn, Maxine and Bonnie Thorton Dill. 1996. “Theorizing Difference from Multiracial Feminism”. Feminist Studies 22.2: 321-331.

· Burgess-Proctor, Amanda. 2006. “Intersections of Race, Class, Gender, and Crime: Future Directions for Feminist Criminology”. Feminist Criminology 1.1: 27-47.

· De Coster, Stacy, and Karen Heimer. 2006. “Crime At The Intersections: Race, Class, Gender, And Violent Offending”. In The Many Colors Of Crime: Inequalities Of Race, Ethnicity, And Crime In America (pp. 138-156), edited by Ruth D. Peterson , Lauren J. Krivo and John Hagan. New York, NY: New York University Press.

· De Coster, Stacy and Karen Heimer. 2017. “Choice within Constraint: An Explanation of Crime at the Intersections”. Theoretical Criminology 21.1: 11-22.

· Paik, Leslie. 2017. “Critical Perspectives on Intersectionality and Criminology: Introduction”. Theoretical Criminology 21.1: 4-10.

· Potter, Hillary. 2013. “Intersectional Criminology: Interrogating Identity and Power in Criminological Research and Theory”. Critical Criminology 21: 305-318.

· DeKeseredy, Walter and Martin Schwartz. 2009. Dangerous Exits: Escaping Abusive Relationships in Rural America. Rutgers University Press.

· Renzetti, Claire. 2012. “Feminist Perspectives in Criminology,” in Routledge Handbook of Critical Criminology edited by DeKeseredy, Walter and Molly Dragiewicz.

Integrated

Recommended

· Krohn and Ward 2015: Integrating Criminological Theories

· Menard, S., & Morris, R. (2012). Integrated Theory and Crimes of Trust. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 28(2), 365-387.

· Dawn L. Rothe & Christopher W. Mullins (2009) Toward a Criminology of International Criminal Law: An Integrated Theory of International Criminal Violations, International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 33:1, 97-118.

· Chan, H. C. (Oliver), Heide, K. M., & Beauregard, E. (2011). What Propels Sexual Murderers: A Proposed Integrated Theory of Social Learning and Routine Activities Theories. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(2), 228–250.

· Hirschi, Travis. 1979. “Separate and Unequal is Better”. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 16.1: 34-38.

· Greenburg, David F. 2015. “The Contested Place of Motivation in Criminological Theory”. In Challenging Criminological Theory: The Legacy of Ruth Rosner Kornhauser, edited by Francis T. Cullen, Pamela Wilcox, Robert J. Sampson, and Brendan D. Dooley. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

· Elliott, Delbert S., Suzanne S. Ageton, and Rachelle J. Canter. 1979. “An Integrated Theoretical Perspective on Delinquent Behavior”. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 16.1: 3-27.

· Tittle, Charles R. 1995. “Theoretical Integration”. In Control Balance: Toward a General Theory of Deviance (pp.89-122). Boulder: Westview Press.

· Braithwaite, John. 1989. Crime, Shame and Reintegration. New York: Cambridge University Press.

· Uggen, Christopher. 1993. “Review: Reintegrating Braithwaite: Shame and Consensus in Criminological Theory”. Law and Social Inquiry 18.3: 481-499.

· Murphy, Kristina and Nathan Harris. 2007. “Shaming, Shame and Recidivism: A Test of Reintegrative Shaming Theory in the White-Collar Crime Context”. British Journal of Criminology 47: 900-917.

· Matsueda, Ross L. 1992. “Reflected Appraisals, Parental Labeling, and Delinquency: Specifying a Symbolic Interactionist Theory”. American Journal of Sociology 97.6: 1577-1611.

· Brownfield, David and Kevin Thompson. 2005. “Self-Concept and Delinquency: The Effects of Reflected Appraisals by Parents and Peers”. Western Criminology Review 6.1: 22-29.

· Heimer, Karen and Ross L. Matsueda. 1994. "Role-Taking, Role Commitment, and Delinquency: A Theory of Differential Social Control." American Sociological Review 59.3: 365-390.

· Heimer, Karen. 1996. “Gender, Interaction, and Delinquency: Testing a Theory of Differential Social Control”. Social Psychology Quarterly 59.1: 39-61.

· Colvin, Mark, Francis T. Cullen, and Thomas Vander Ven. 2002. “Coercion, Social Support, and Crime: an Emerging Theoretical Consensus.” Criminology 40.1: 19-42.

· Alexander, A. Daktari and Thomas J. Bernard. 2002. “A Critique of Mark Colvin’s Crime and Coercion: An Integrated Theory of Chronic Criminality”. Crime, Law and Social Change 38.4: 389-398.

· Unnever, James D., Mark Colvin, and Francis T. Cullen. 2004. “Crime and Coercion: A Test of Core Theoretical Propositions”. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 41.3: 244–68.

· Baron, Stephen W. 2009. “Differential Coercion, Street Youth, and Violent Crime”. Criminology 47.1: 239-268.

· Baron, Stephen W. 2015. “Differential Social Support, Differential Coercion, and Organized Criminal Activities”. Justice Quarterly 32.6: 1089-1117.