PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING SCHOLARLY PAPER
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TheoryofCaringinNursing.pptx
Theory of Caring in Nursing: Jean Watson
By: Yesabel Gonzalez Jauregui
Objectives
Background information on the nurse theorist, Jean Watson.
Overview of the nursing theory.
Relationship among the concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing as explained by the nursing theory.
How this nursing theory most closely represents my view of nursing.
How this theory can be applied to professional nursing care for individuals and groups of clients.
Background information on nurse theorist Jean Watson
Jean Watson began her journey as a nurse in 1961. She then proceeded to obtain her bachelors, then her Masters of Science in psychiatric and mental health nursing. Finally, in 1973, Watson completed her Doctorate in educational psychology (Jean Watson Short Biography, 2019).
Throughout her nursing career, Jean Watson has received numerous degrees, high honors, and has been part of many nursing organizations (Jean Watson Short Biography, 2019).
Jean Watson received many degrees throughout her nursing career such as fifteen Honorary Doctoral Degrees and twelve International Honorary Doctorates (Jean Watson Short Biography, 2019). She was also honored various awards including the Fetzer Institute Norman Cousins Award, Fulbright Research Award in Sweden, Academy Integrative Medicine and Healing Award among many others (Jean Watson Short Biography, 2019).
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Overview of the theory of caring in nursing
Watson began developing this theory in 1975. The theory of caring holds four major concepts which are human being, health, nursing and environment/society (Watson's philosophy, 2020).
Jean Watson’s theory emerged from her own views and experiences in nursing, combined with the knowledge she gained throughout her doctoral studies specially in social psychology (Watson's philosophy, 2020). She believed the practice of caring in nursing had to include a holistic approach to health care (Watson's philosophy, 2020). She believed that this theory would give nursing a unique disciplinary, scientific, and professional standing with itself and its public (Watson's philosophy, 2020). She defined each of her major concepts. For example, the concept of being human, meant to be a valued person, to be cared for and respected in every way (Holy, Sitzman & Hardin, 2019). The second concept, health, is defined as a great level of overall physical, mental, and social functioning, and the absence of sickness (Holy, Sitzman & Hardin, 2019). Finally, the third concept, nursing, is defined as a science of persons and health-illness experience that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, and ethical care interactions (Holy, Sitzman & Hardin, 2019). The fourth concept, environment, it is defined by ten carative factors.
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Ten Carative Factors
Forming humanistic-altruistic value systems
Instilling faith-hope
Cultivating a sensitivity to self and others
Developing a helping-trust relationship
Promoting an expression of feelings
Using problem-solving for decision-making
Promoting teaching-learning
Promoting a supportive environment
Assisting with gratification of human needs
Allowing for existential-phenomenological forces.
(Holy, Sitzman & Hardin, 2019).
These ten carative factors support and enrich the patient’s caring experience (Pajnkihar, Stiglic & Vrbnjak, 2017). Watson's carative factors are meant to be for nurse-patient interactions that can be used to enhance the experience of the caring occasion (Pajnkihar, Stiglic & Vrbnjak, 2017). Watson later further developed carative factors into 10 caritas processes. This model gives nurses a more specific definitions of all caritas processes. Carative factors and caritas processes facilitate healing, wholeness and contribute to the evolution of humanity (Pajnkihar, Stiglic & Vrbnjak, 2017).
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How this nursing theory most closely represents my view of nursing and how it can be applied.
Since I was very young, I knew I wanted to become a nurse. My mom was the first nurse in the family and that inspired me to follow her footsteps. I realized now that this career is not for everyone and you definitely need to love it to be able to enjoy it, learn and grow. I believe this theory represent most closely my views in nursing because I can relate to almost all the carative factors. For example, in order to being a healthy and trusting relation with my patients, I have learned to promote free speech and communication between my patient and me. Also, I make sure I teach them regarding medications, acute illness and treatments to promote a learning environment.
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References
Holly Wei, Fazzone, P. A., Sitzman, K., & Hardin, S. R. (2019). The Current Intervention Studies Based on Watson’s Theory of Human Caring: A Systematic Review. International Journal for Human Caring, 23(1), 4–22. https://doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.23.1.4
Jean Watson Short Biography. (2019). Watson Caring Science Institute. Retrieved from https://www.watsoncaringscience.org/files/PDF/shortbio-jean.pdf
Pajnkihar, M., Stiglic, G., & Vrbnjak, D. (2017). The concept of Watson's carative factors in nursing and their harmony with patient satisfaction. PeerJ, 5, e2940. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2940
Watson’s Philosophy and Science of Caring. (2020). Nursing Theory. Retrieved from https://www.nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/watson-philosophy-and-science-of-caring.php
