Theory Development - PHENOMENON OF CARING
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theorydevelopmentchapter4overviewandassignmentreviewPPT2021.pptx
Theory Development chapter 4 overview
Foundation to Professional Nursing
Anita Pittman, Associate Professor
Summer Semester 2021
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Goal
To introduce participants to the scholarly rigorous and systematic process of theory development and prepare participants with the cognitive and behavioral competencies to construct the fundamental steps in theory development.
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Objectives
By the end of the presentation the participant will be able to:
List and explain the 3 steps in theory development.
Identify and explain the 6 theory components and specify their contributions to theory.
Identify 1 phenomena of interest that correlates with the 4 concepts of the nursing metaparadigm.
Identify 2 theoretical concepts.
Identify 2 operational concepts.
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Objectives cont’d
Construct 1 theoretical statement and 1 operational statement.
Construct 1 linkages of theoretical statements by providing rationale from a credible source.
Construct 1 linkages of operational statements by providing rationale from a credible source.
Organize the theoretical and operational statements and linkages into premises and derived hypotheses.
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3 Steps in Theory Development
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A conceptual model or framework to understand and define phenomena of interest.
Building relationships with linkages between related concepts.
Relationship statements or propositions are developed to build theory (Alligood, 2018).
6 Theory Components
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Concepts & definitions
Relational statements
Linkages & ordering (Hage, 1072)
Concepts & Definitions
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Concepts are the building blocks of theories.
Concepts classify the phenomena of interest (Kaplan, 1964).
Concepts may have different meanings in various conceptual frameworks or theoretical systems.
Concepts can be abstract or concrete
Abstract versus Concrete Concept
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Abstract
Transport
Vascular disease
Concrete
Stretcher, wheelchair, hospital bed, ambulance
Myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular disease
Typology versus Continuous Concept
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Typology
Systematic arrangements of concepts within a given category
Example,
Marital status: married, widowed, divorced, single
Continuous
Permits classification of dimensions or gradations
Example,
degree of pain scale
0-10 (Alligood, 2018).
Theory Development
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Theory development of concepts, permit description of classification of phenomena.
Concept analysis creates a conceptual definition.
It is crucial that concepts are clearly defined within the conceptual model or framework to reduce ambiguity (Alligood, 2018).
Theory Development cont’d
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As the theory develops theoretical and operational definitions provide meaning of the concept and the basis for the empirical indicators
The concepts must be linked to operational definitions that relate the concepts to observable phenomena specifying empirical indicators (see table 4.5 of your text, p.38)
Relational Statements
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Can state definitions or relations among concepts.
Definitions provide descriptions of the concept.
Relational statements propose relationship between and among 2 or more concepts.
Concepts must be connected with one another in a series of theoretical statements to devise a nursing theory.
Types of Variable Connections
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Antecedents or determinate variables are independent and influence the second variable (Giere, 1997).
The second variable is the consequent or resultant variable and is dependent on the first variable.
Example: the concept of living well in older adults. The consequences are living values and being well.
These antecedents (prior conditions) and consequences (outcomes) were developed from the literature (McMahon & Fleury, 2012).
Linkages & Ordering
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Development of theoretical linkages provides an explanation of why the variables are connected in a certain manner.
Operational linkages contribute testability to the theory by specifying how measurement variables are connected.
Operational definitions specify the measurability of the concepts and operational linkages provide the testability of the assertions.
It is the operational linkages that contribute a perspective for understanding the nature of the relationship between the concepts to know whether the relationship is positive or negative, linear or curvilinear (Alligood, 2018).
Theory Development
Complete development of a theory requires organizing the concepts, definitions, relational statements, and linkages into premises and hypothesis
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Theory development principles
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Theory Development Assignment Resources
See Theory Development Assignment Guideline (Black Board)
Read chapter4 of your text
See Power point format (Black board)
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Theory Development Assignment Content
Phenomena of interest
2 Theoretical concepts & 2 operational concepts with definitions
2 relational statements (theoretical & operational)
Linkages of theoretical statement
Linkages of operational statement
Organization of statements & linkages into premises or derived hypothesis
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Theory Development Assignment cont’d
Apply your developed theory to practice by constructing a care plan that includes the 5 components of ADPIE and include safety indicators (use QSEN and/or 2021 NPSG as references). This addition compensates for the deletion of the individual assignment. This group assignment is weighted at 20%
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Summary Conclusion
Participants were introduced to the systematic process of theory development
The cognitive and behavioral competencies were reviewed to meet the criteria for the Theory development group assignment
The assignment was amended to include application of theory to practice with the addition of a care plan
Rigorous development of nursing theories is a high priority for the future of the nursing discipline, profession and practice (Alligood, 2018).
”Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.” … Albert Einstein
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References
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Alligood, M.A. (2018). Nursing theorists and their work, 9th edition, Elsevier
Hage, J. (1972). Techniques and problems of theory construction in sociology. John Wiley & sons
Kaplan, A. (1964). The conduct of inquiry: Methodology for behavioral science.
McMahon, S. & Fluery, J. (2012). Wellness in older adults: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 47 (1), 39-51.
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