English Colonies in North America

Thesis 1. The great success of English colonial powers in North America was a result of self-government, economic factors such as the establishment of companies, agriculture, and plantations, growing populations, and the French and Indian war (1754-1763). Furthermore, the seven years war led to the Treaty of Paris, which in return resulted in the victory of Great Britain.

Thesis 2. Economics as trade, agriculture, the establishment of companies, self-government colonies, and growing populations, were factors responsible for the success of the English Colonies in North America. Likewise, Britain's success in the Treaty of Paris in 1763 as the result of The Seven Years' War and The French- Indian contributed to the colonial power of English colonies in North America.

By 1763 the English had established dominance

in North America, having defeated France and Spain

in the French and Indian War.

Colorists governed by colonialist.

Self-government was an important factor that led to the success of the English colonies in North America by 1763. From The beginning English colonists in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607 were allowed to have self-government subject to the English Common Law. Then, with the formation of the first English colonies in North America there were thirteen English self-government colonies as part of the royal system. The American Promise textbook says, "The thirteen English colonies had different governments presided over these North America Colonies, but all of them answered to the British monarchy (Roark, et al 124)." Each government in the thirteen colonies represented an extension of the English government by using its basic principles. For example, all the systems of governments in the colonies were democratic, each one of them elected its own legislature also called (parliament). Likewise, each colony had a Court System, Governor, and Governor's court. This allowed the English colonies to govern themselves and make laws for their benefit as long as they followed English law. In contrast, Spanish and French colonies in North America had a central government whose rules from the monarchs were absolute. The advantage of self-government in English colonies over the centrals government of French and Spain was a factor essential in the consolidation of English colonies as the colonial power in North America by 1763.

Another factor responsible for making the English the most successful colonial power in North America by 1763 was the economy. According to The American Promise textbook, the economy of English colonies in North America was based on agriculture, tobacco, fishing, cotton, timber, rice, and international trading (Roark, et al 111). The production of different products that the English colonies had in North America allowed them to be more economically stable than the French and Spanish colonies. Spain's colonies had gold/silver as their economic principal, while French had an economy based on the Fur trade. A factor important in the eighteenth Century about economic in English colonies was commerce, such as Atlantic Trade which benefited New England by providing jobs for laborers and tradesmen as well as for ship captains, clerks, merchants, and sailors (Frowde 72). The economic opportunities offered by English colonies in the New World made them become the colonial power over Spain and French colonies.

Population growth in North America also led to the success of the English colonies. The most important fact about 18th-century British America was the population growth from about 250.000 in 1700 to over 1.5 million by 1750 (Johnson 87). There were two major factors responsible for the population growth in English colonies: Immigration and natural increase. Unlike the Spanish and French colonies, the English colonies kept their doors open to immigrant peoples mainly from Scotland, Africa almost all of them slaves, Northern Ireland, Scots-Irish, and England. Natural increase which is growth through reproduction also a phenomenon that help with the population growth in English colonies. This put colonists of different ethnic groups, races, and religions living in varied environments under thirteen different colonial governments and pointed toward an expanding economy (Roark, et al 108). Contrarily, Spain in its emphasis on conquest did not stabilize a strong colonial society in North America and consequently, its population did not grow in considerable terms. Likewise, the French colonies had slow population growth. By 1763 there was not as large a population in their North American colonies as there was in the English colonies. This population growth led the English settlers to an expanding economy which did not happen in the French or Spain colonies.

Spanish and French did no develop societies that began to rival European empires that sponsored and supported them

By Eighteen century English colonies in North America were already successful over Spain and French colonies. However, the victory of Great Britain in The French-Indian War also referred to as The Seven Years' War 1756-1763 Helped Great Britain remade into a global power (Anderson 221). This was a global conflict that started in 1754 as a result of France's extension into the Ohio River valley. By 1756 this conflict grew and spread to Europe, the Caribbean, and parts of Asia. According to The American Promise textbook, "By 1763, Great Britain had triumphed decisively over its enemy, defeating France in India, Europe, across the Caribbean, and permanently expelling French power in north America (Roark et al. 138)." The resolution of this conflict ended through The Treaty of Paris of 1763.

The Treaty of Paris took place on February 10, 1763. The treaty ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War 1756-1763 between Great Britain-France and its allies. As a result of the Treaty of Paris 1763, France gave to Great Britain almost all their mainland in North America including east of the Mississippi, but not New Orleans; Also, Great Britain got all French conquests made since 1749 in India or the East Indies (Anderson 235). On the other hand, Great Britain restored to France some islands such as the West Indian islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Marie-Galante, and Désirade. St. Pierre and Miquelon, and West Africa colony of Gorée. At the same time, Spain recovered Havana and Manila, ceded East and West Florida to the British, and received Louisiana, including New Orleans, in compensation from the French. With this conflict conclusion, the English had established dominance in North America, and as result, the English colonies became the more successful colonial power in North America by 1763.