History ( WW I, Russian Revolution and the rise of fascism in Germany)
JKJKJJK
TheMakingofthe20thCentury.pptxI. Themes of 20th Century
Inclusion/Exclusion: nationalism, imperialism, immigration, globalization
Tradition vs. Change
Clashing visions of progress
II. Economic Antecedents: The Industrial Revolutions
First Industrial Revolution begins 1750
Machine Power and Transportation Revolution
Development of Market Economy: surplus sold for consumption by a market
Concentration and Investment of Capital
Urbanization and Concentration of Production
Available Labor Force: Wages and Immigration
The Inventions of 18th and 19th Century
Steam engine
Cotton gin
Mechanical Reaper
Interchangeable parts
Typewriter
Revolver
Daguerreotype
Sewing Machine
Telegraph
Railroads
Telephone
Automobile
Cinema
III. Cultural Antecedents
Faith in Progress and Embrace of Change
1829: “technology” enters English language
Charles Darwin and “evolution”
Louis Pasteur and Germ Theory
Comforts and Pleasures of Market Economy
Einstein: demolished predictable, “clockwork” universe
Freud and Psychoanalysis
IV. Political Antecedents
Traditional Societies
Rural, agricultural
Peasants and Nobles
Power of Tradition, Custom, and Religion
Monarchies, personal rule by divine right
Kinship, blood ties over individualism
Inequality rooted in tradition
Society as a body
Liberalism
Challenge to Traditional Thinking
Emerge in 18th and 19th century: made the Industrial Revolution
Individualism: personal liberty above all
Competition: natural and positive
Work Ethic: thrift, temperance, perseverance
Private Property: sacred right, sign of virtue and worth
Equality: under law, of opportunity; assault on aristocracy and nobility
Liberal Politics
Free speech, civil rights, ex. Bill of Rights
Personal freedom and freedom from interference
Representative government
Equality before law
The Danger: The “Mob”: unpropertied, unfit masses seeking to redistribute wealth; threat of “unworthy”
The Solution: limited franchise, indirect elections, checks and balances, strong executives
Democratic Societies
Democrats and Radicals: The Have-Nots
Concentration of Wealth a Threat to Freedom
Leads to class domination
Rich control society and repress poor
Inequality and Injustice
State should redistribute wealth in interests of all members of society
Democratic Politics: universal suffrage, direct elections, weak executive
Liberal and Democratic Revolutions in 19th and 20th Centuries
How to organize society?
traditional; liberal; democratic
What vision of progress?
Hierarchy and order; individualism; equal societies
