World History
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TheColdWarPartOneSpring22.pptxI. Origins of the Cold War
World War II ends in 1945 with U.S. and Soviet Union as two great world powers
U.S. sought global economic reconstruction for American prosperity; world modeled on their values
Soviet Union sought security; had lost 20 million in war; greatest sacrifice in defeating Hitler; sought a sphere of influence in eastern Europe
A Divided Europe
Conflicts of the Cold War
Ideological: U.S.—free markets, representative democracies; Soviet Union—command economy, bureaucratic rule
Technological: Arms race; space race; consumer goods
“Hearts and Minds”: Alignment of the “Third World”; Peace Corps, Fulbright Program, immigration reforms
II. The Truman Doctrine
Containment: U.S. commitment to preventing any further expansion of Soviet power and influence
1947: Truman Doctrine in effect; U.S. to support monarchy in Greece and stop Soviet involvement in Turkey
$400 million pledged; bipartisan support
III. The Marshall Plan
June 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall announces billions of aid to rebuild Western Europe
Economic chaos, inflation, starvation
Fear of slide toward communism, Soviets
Shore up support, faith in capitalism; create markets for American goods
“Prosperity Makes Your Free”
V. The Korean War
In 1949, Communist secure control of China
Korea divided after World War II
June 1950, North invades South in effort to unify
UN authorizes use of force to expel North
September 1950, U.S. forces occupy most of North Korea; Chinese forces pour in, drive back
Stalemate, armistice in 1953, return to 38th parallel as border
Conflict in Korea
33,000 Americans killed
1 million Korean soldiers
2 million civilians dead
Cold War as global conflict, huge human toll
1947-1953: postwar age developed into a divided world, ideological conflict, military confrontations in the shadow of “the bomb”
