history of western art: write 2 papers
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The18thCenturyandImpressionism.ppsmIcarus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarus
In Renaissance iconography, the significance of Icarus depends on context: in the Orion Fountain at Messina, he is one of many figures associated with water; but he is also shown on the Bankruptcy Court of the Amsterdam Town Hall - where he symbolizes high-flying ambition．
King of the gods, ruler of Mount Olympus, and god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and justice. He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea. He overthrew Cronus and gained the sovereignty of heaven for himself. In art he is depicted as a regal, mature man with a sturdy figure and dark beard. His usual attributes are the royal scepter and the lightning bolt. His sacred animals include the eagle and the bull. His Roman counterpart is Jupiter, also known as love.
Zeus (Ζεύς, Zeus)
God of boundaries, travel, communication, trade, language, and writing. The son of Zeus and Maia, Hermes is the messenger of the gods, and a psychopomp who leads the souls of the dead into the afterlife. He was depicted either as a handsome and athletic beardless youth, or as an older bearded man. His attributes include the herald's wand or caduceus, winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. His sacred animals include the tortoise. His Roman counterpart is Mercury.
King of the underworld and the dead. His consort is Persephone. His attributes are the drinking horn or cornucopia, key, scepter, and the three-headed dog Cerberus. His sacred animals include the screech owl. He was one of three sons of Cronus and Rhea, and thus sovereign over one of the three realms of the universe, the underworld.
Hades (ᾍδης, Hádēs)/
Pluto (Πλούτων, Ploutōn)
Goddess of intelligence, skill, peace, warfare, battle strategy, handicrafts, and wisdom. According to most traditions, she was born from Zeus's head, fully formed and armored. She is depicted as being crowned with a crested helm, armed with shield and spear, and wearing the aegis over a long dress. Poets describe her as "grey-eyed" or having especially bright, keen eyes. She is a special patron of heroes such as Odysseus. She is also the patron of the city Athens (which was named after her). Her symbol is the olive tree. She is commonly shown as being accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva.
Virgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals, young girls, childbirth, and plague. In later times Artemis became associated with bows and arrows. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and twin sister of Apollo. In art she is often depicted as a young woman dressed in a short knee-length chiton and equipped with a hunting bow and a quiver of arrows. Her attributes include hunting spears, animal pelts, deer and other wild animals. Her sacred animals include deer, bears, and wild boars. Her Roman counterpart is Diana.
God of war, bloodshed, and violence. The son of Zeus and Hera, he was depicted as a beardless youth, either nude with a helmet and spear or sword, or as an armed warrior. Homer portrays him as moody and unreliable, and he generally represents the chaos of war in contrast to Athena, a goddess of military strategy and skill. Ares is known for cuckolding his brother Hephaestus and conducting an affair with Aphrodite. His sacred animals include vultures, venomous snakes, dogs, and boars. His Roman counterpart Mars by contrast was regarded as the dignified ancestor of the Roman people.
God of music, arts, knowledge, healing, plague, prophecy, poetry, manly beauty, and archery. He is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis. Apollo is depicted as a very handsome, beardless young man with long hair and an ideal physique. As the embodiment of perfectionism, he could be cruel and destructive, and his love affairs were rarely happy. He often appears in the company of the Muses.
Goddess of beauty, love, desire, and pleasure. Although married to Hephaestus she had many lovers, most notably Ares, Adonis, and Anchises. She was depicted as an extraordinarily beautiful woman, with poets praising the radiance of her smile in particular. Her symbols include roses and other flowers, the scallop shell, and the myrtle wreath. Her sacred animals include doves and sparrows. Her Roman counterpart is Venus.
Types of Greek Pottery
Stoneware
Porcelain
Terracotta
Bottle Kiln
Anagama Kiln
Wood-fired Kiln
Gas and electric fired Kiln
Protogeometric style
Vases of protogeometrical period
(c. 1050 - 900 BC) represent the
return of craft production after the
collapse of the Mycenaean Palace
culture and the ensuing
Geometric style
Geometric art flourished in the 9th and 8th centuries B.C. In the middle of the century there begin to appear human figures. The fragments of these large funerary vases show mainly processions of chariots or warriors or of the funerary scenes.
Orientalizing style
The style was the product of cultural ferment in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean of the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Nature can be seen throughout this period.
Black figure
Red figure
Used for drinking wine, and shaped like a donkey's head on one side of its body and a ram's on the other.
Ca. 450 BCE.
Grayson Perry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayson_Perry
Andy Warhol
The Birth of Madness
Pink Floyd
Keith Haring
Minimalism A breathe of fresh air
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalism
Yves Klein, IKB 191, 1962, monochrome painting. Klein was a pioneer in the development of minimal art.
