Instruction: Using what you’ve learned this semester, think about how you can use these psychological tools/information to become more self-aware in your path to success.

Alino Ba Oumar

Learning Test Correction

The unconditioned stimulus, In classical conditioning, is a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.

Pavlov’s experiment

Pavlov’s experiment was investigating how objects could trigger a conditioned response. He did the experiment using a dog and experimenting the behavior the dog had when put into a certain set up/ situation with food and salivation. The neutral stimulus is the bell, the unconditioned response is the dog salivation, the unconditioned stimulus is the food, the conditioned response is the dog salivating when the bell ring, the conditioned stimulus is the dog learning to salivate every time he ears the bell ringing.

Acquisition

It is the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.

Classical conditioning: The initial stage where the two stimuli are linked . Operant conditioning: When the person finally learns the consequences of the behavior

Extinction

The weakening of a conditioned response when an US does not follow the CS.

Classical conditioning: When a learned link of two stimuli fades away Operant conditioning: When a learned behavior fades away

Spontaneous recovery

The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a pause in conditioning.

Classical conditioning: Remembering the link of two stimuli after a random period of time Operant conditioning: suddenly Remembering to act a certain way to get the output you were looking for

Generalization

Classical conditioning: Predicting the output of a stimulus due to previous similar situations. Operant conditioning: Putting a certain behavior into effect because you are aware of what the consequence was in the past.

Discrimination

Classical conditioning: The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Operant Conditioning: The learned ability to distinguish between a behavior that is conditioned and another one that is not.

What’s the operant chamber ?

A chamber with a bar or a key that an animal use or can manipulate to obtain food or water reinforcer. Its purpose is to allow the devices attached to it to record datas on the animal’s rate of bar pressing or key pecking.

How do reinforcement schedules affect responses? What are the different types of reinforcement schedules? Give real life examples of at least 3.

There are two types of reinforcement schedules: the continuous schedules, and the partial schedules. In a continuous schedule every trace of a desired behavior is reinforced, however, in partial schedules the desired behavior is only reinforced sometimes. Partial reinforcement schedules can either be fixed or variable and as either ratio or interval. Altogether it brings out four different combinations which are: fixed- ratio, fixed-interval, variable-ratio and variable-interval.

Example of fixed schedule:

Giving a little chocolate to a child every time he finishes his meal.

Example of Fixed-Ratio Schedule:

Only opening the door to someone after he knocks the at the door five times.

Example of Variable-interval Schedule:

A manager checking up on its workers (No specific times at which he/she is supposed to do it)