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Test and Measurements

Summer 2019

First Examination

Name:____Cindy Charles____________________________________

Part 1. Multiple choice (70% of grade)

1. Formal assessment most typically refers to

a. the use of a standardized test to collect data.

b. individualized testing by a certified psychologist.

c. any data collection occurring after a teacher has referred a student.

d. one kind of observation.

2. The primary purpose of commercially prepared norm-referenced assessment devices is to

a. determine a child’s mental age.

b. provide a distribution of scores.

c. assess student eligibility for special-education services.

d. make observations systematic.

3. After construction of an IEP the team is responsible for ( All of the above).

a. monitoring progress towards the IEP goals

b. determining continual eligibility for special education services.

c. Discontinuing services that are no longer needed

d. All of the above.

4. Of the following, the best example of a nominal scale is (b. surnames)

a. height.

b. surnames.

c. ranks in military service.

d. temperature.

5. Of the following, the best example of an ordinal scale is (c. ranks in military service.)

a. height.

b. surnames.

c. ranks in military service.

d. temperature.

6. Of the following, the best example of a ratio scale is (d. temperature.)

a. height.

b. surnames.

c. ranks in military service.

d. temperature.

7. Of the following, the best example of an interval scale is (a. height)

a. height.

b. surnames.

c. ranks in military service.

d. temperature.

8. Of the following, the one that is not a measure of central tendency is (range).

a. range.

b. average.

c. mode.

d. median.

9. The standard deviation, variance, and range are all measures of ( c. dispersion).

a. central tendency.

b. partition values.

c. dispersion.

d. grouping.

10. The mean age in months for preschool children was reported as 25.5. The standard deviation for Group 1 was 3.4 and for Group 2, 4.9. From this, we may conclude that

a. Group 1 is more variable than Group 2.

b. the mode for Group 1 is higher than that for Group 2.

c. Group 2 is more variable than Group 1.

d. the median age for Group 2 is higher than that for Group 1.

11. The legal requirement that led to RTI or a multi-tiered system of support was an outcome of (b. the 2004 revision of IDEA)

a. ADA

b. the 2004 revision of IDEA

c. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

d. EHA 1975

12. The standard deviation of scores for a sample of children is 16, and the arithmetic mean is 100. The distribution of scores is a normal distribution. This means that approximately 34% of the cases will have scores between

a. 92 and 108.

b. 84 and 116.

c. 84 and 100.

d. 100 and 132.

13. Of the following correlation coefficients, the one with the poorest predictive value is

a. .90.

b. .12.

c. –.52.

d. −1.00.

14. When you are seeking the association of continuous variables, such as GPA and amount of time studying, the following correlation statistic is appropriate

a. Chi square

b. Pearson

c. Spearman

d. Cattell

15. Correlational data should never be used to reach conclusions about

a. causality.

b. relationships among variables.

c. the magnitude of relationships.

d. the direction of relationships

16. Standardizing scores offers all of the advantages of converting raw scores to percentiles except for

a. ability to be added.

b. usefulness to test developers.

c. ease of interpretation.

d. the equal-interval scale characteristic.

17. Standard scores are considered to be

a. nominal.

b. ordinal.

c. ratio.

d. equal interval.

18. For norms to be representative, they should include

a. individuals with relevant characteristics and experience.

b. equal numbers of various types of individuals.

d. all possible types of individuals who are in society.

d. comparison data for 50 years ago, as well as for today.

19. The reliability of a test refers to its relative

a. validity.

b. power.

c. consistency.

d. inappropriateness.

20. An individual reported a reliability coefficient of 1.25 for an intelligence test. It was obtained by correlating the results of a given group on Form A with the group’s results on Form B. This coefficient indicates that

a. the test is unusually reliable.

b. the test is unusually valid.

c. there are no errors of measurement.

d. a mistake was made in computing the coefficient.

21. AYP refers to

a. Annual yearly progress

b. a provision of NCLB

c. may lead to supplemental educational services for students in poorly performing schools

d. all of the above

22. The “beneficence principle” refers to

a. respect for dignity of persons.

b. principled agreement and consensus in decision making

c. internal consistency

d. responsible caring likely to maximize benefit to students or, at least, do no harm.

23. The higher the reliability coefficient, the lower the

a. coefficient of regression.

b. standard error of measurement.

c. validity.

d. standard deviation.

24. Of the following which is the most likely to provide the most information about a student’s performance

a. Sum of correct responses

b. raw score.

c. mode.

d. fluency

25. Of the following scores which is likely to be the least problematic for interpretation

a. grade equivalent scores

b. age equivalent scores

c. percentile ranks

d. standard scores

26. A percentile ranking produces a distribution in the following shape

a. normal distribution.

b. ogive

c. curvilinear

d. rectangular

27. The primary purpose of the laws associated with children with disabilities is to

a. provide funding for special programs

b. ensure that students with disabilities have equal access to educational benefit

c. provide testing modifications

d. ensure compliance by states with federal regulations

28. A mastery test is likely to produce a distribution that is (negatively skewed)

a. positively biased

b. negatively skewed

c. leptokurtic

d. platykurtic

29. A student tested in April receives a 3.4 grade equivalent score in 3rd grade and a 4.4 grade equivalent score in fourth grade on a norm-referenced test. What is your best estimate about the progress the student made?

a. they improved a full grade level.

b. they remained about the same in comparison to the group.

c. they are doing much better in fourth grade

d. they have actually declined relative to the average student, based on arithmetic

calculations.

30. The primary difference between an objective and subjective test lies in (c. the nature of the content)

a. the method of scoring

b. the projective technique

c. the nature of the content

d. there’s little difference

31. A typing test, e.g., how many words you can type correctly in a minute is considered C.(a power test)

a. a criterion referenced test

b. a normative test

c. a power test

d. a subjective test

32. The act that ensure access to educational records and ensures the right to privacy to all parents of children under 18 years of age, transferrable to the “adult” student at 18, but, incidentally, continues access for parents of “dependent” children over 18, goes by the following acronym (FERPA)

a. FERPA

b. ADA of 1990

c. BOCES

d. Public law 94-142

33. Which of the following is not a type of reliability? (c. alternate form)

a. internal consistency

b. construct reliability

c. alternate form

d. interobserver agreement

34. Noting little difference in the ultimate performance of the top 50 students on a predictor measure of academic competence (i.e., comparing the first 25 students admitted to medical school with the next 25 on measures of performance of first year medical students from a pool of 500 initial applicants) is likely the product of the following statistical feature:

a. Cohen’s d

b. Standard error of measurement (SEM)

c. restriction of range

d. difference scores

Part II: Essay Questions (30%): Please type your answers and modify the space accordingly

1. A 3rd grade teacher colleague says, “Wow, we just got the results of the California Tests of Achievement (norm-based) back, and I learned that a student in my class has a 9th grade reading level. I guess I will have to find some high school texts to supplement the curriculum materials available in my class.” What is your advice to this teaching colleague, based on your understanding of test scores, i.e., percentiles, standard scores, grade equivalent scores, etc.? (Hint: Is 9th grade really 9th grade?) Provide a rationale for your advice, including an explicit understanding of the relative value of grade equivalent scores.

2. You are asked as a testing consultant to provide information about a fair and statistically sound grading system. Please provide you recommendation along with a rationale for your choice. (Lyman’s discussion of grades in Chapter 8 along with the information in discussion blog might help to inform your rationale.)

According to Lyman (pg.96)

3. English Language Learners (ELL’s) present specific challenges for assessment and interpretation of test results. Demonstrate an understanding of the issues associated with assessment of children with limited English proficiency.