Questions on the Anatomy and Physiology

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Final Exam - Chapters 11-13

In what dura mater fold is the superior sagittal sinus located?

tentorium cerebri

tentorium cerebelli

falx cerebelli

falx cerebri

Olfactory receptors depolarize in response to an odorant, turning a stimulus into an electrical signal. This conversion is known as:

sensory transduction.

adaptation.

propagation.

repolarization.

Detection of stimuli is a responsibility of the ________ while perception of the stimuli is a responsibility of the ________.

upper motor neuron; lower motor neuron

CNS; PNS

PNS; CNS

second-order neuron; first-order neuron

The lumbar nerve plexuses arise from the anterior rami of L1 - L4 and innervate structures of the pelvis and lower limb.

True

False

What is cranial nerve VIII?

facial nerve

vestibulocochlear nerve

trigeminal nerve

glossopharyngeal nerve

Which of the following is NOT a function of neurons?

transmitting motor information

forming the myelin sheath

integration

carrying sensory information

What brain region is responsible for learning, memory, and personality?

diencephalon

cerebellum

brainstem

cerebrum

The majority of synapses in the nervous system are:

voltage.

chemical.

electrical.

mechanical.

The right corticospinal tracts of the spinal cord usually carry motor information from the left cerebral cortex of the brain.

True

False

Where are neuronal pools located?

within ganglia

within the CNS

within the PNS

within nerves

Diagram depicting the pathway of voluntary movement. The cerebral cortex and substantia nigra stimulate the caudate nucleus and putamen. The caudate nucleus and putamen in turn inhibit a structure identified by a white box with a question mark inside. The missing structure then does not send a signal to the thalamus anymore and the thalamus can stimulate upper motor neurons.

Name the structure that should be in the white box of this diagram.

cerebellum

globus pallidus

lower motor neurons

hypothalamus

Which of the following must occur first in a reflex arc?

delivery of motor response to effector

detection by receptor and delivery of stimulus

transmission from the primary motor cortex

integration in the central nervous system (CNS)

Diagram of the spinal cord and the neurons going to and coming from skeletal (the biceps brachii muscle in this example). There is a blue neuron whose cell body is outside the spinal cord and one side its projections reach the muscle and the tendon attaching the muscle to bone and on the other side it forms a synapse with a neuron in the spinal cord. There are arrows showing impulses move from the muscle towards the spinal cord. There is a red neuron (identified with a red question mark), whose cell body is in the spinal cord and its axon reaches the muscle. There are arrows showing impulses move from the spinal cord to the muscle along this neuron.

This neuron is __________.

a lower motor neuron

a CNS neuron

an upper motor neuron

a sensory neuron

An elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as a:

gyrus.

sulcus.

fissure.

furrow.

Proprioceptors are located in the musculoskeletal system where they detect the movement and position of a joint or body part.

True

False

Which division detects stimuli of the general senses and special senses?

somatic sensory division

somatic motor division

visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system)

visceral sensory division

Neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the receptor present on the postsynaptic neuron.

True

False

During depolarization, the membrane potential becomes more positive.

True

False

What is NOT a function of the nervous system?

direct long-term functions such as growth

control effectors

sense the internal and external environments

integrate sensory information

Cognition is best described as:

the ability to comprehend and produce words.

encoding and storing learned information in our neural circuitry.

recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli.

a reversible and normal suspension of consciousness.

In contrast to the nervous system, the endocrine system accomplishes homeostasis by:

producing an immediate effect in target cells.

releasing hormones into the blood that regulate the functions of other cells.

sending action potentials that excite or inhibit target cells.

controlling the activities of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).