history

2.

a.

States’ rights.

b.

The right to bear arms.

c.

Freedom of religion.

d.

Immigration reform.

e.

Free trade.

2.

a.

captured members of the Sons of Liberty involved in the Boston Tea Party.

b.

tried to defend Thomas Hutchinson from an angry mob.

c.

fired into a mob and killed a number of Boston residents.

d.

killed Indians who were raiding frontier towns.

e.

fired on local minutemen guarding an arsenal.

2.

a.

Secure freedom.

b.

Protect property rights.

c.

Feed the poor.

d.

Protect free speech.

e.

Guarantee voting rights.

2.

a.

timber.

b.

landowners.

c.

religious toleration.

d.

cash crops.

e.

slaves.

2.

a.

won universal support throughout the North.

b.

was delayed on the advice of General George McClellan.

c.

followed the narrow Union victory in the Battle of Antietam.

d.

led Great Britain to recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America.

e.

led to a strong Republican showing in the congressional and state elections of 1862.

2.

a.

sold well among the elite, who in turn were able to convey its ideas to the lower classes.

b.

argued that the British governmental system was perfectly good but that current officials had corrupted it.

c.

argued that America would become the home of freedom and “an asylum for mankind.”

d.

made highly original arguments in favor of independence.

e.

led to his arrest on charges of treason, but he saved himself by writing another pamphlet taking the opposite position.

2.

a.

the founding of the new colony of Ohio in territory acquired from France

b.

increased popularity of the Anglican Church among ordinary colonists

c.

a weakening of liberties as France made gains in North America

d.

the creation of a central colonial government under the Albany Plan of Union

e.

strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British empire

2.

a.

paid for Anne Hutchinson’s prosecution.

b.

challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control.

c.

had enjoyed widespread freedom to trade since the establishment of the colony.

d.

refused to trade with anyone outside the Puritan faith.

e.

controlled John Winthrop.

2.

a.

was championed by Pennsylvania governor William Findlay.

b.

attracted an influx of farmers migrating from Virginia and the Carolinas to the Northwest.

c.

was strongly opposed by residents of Buffalo and Rochester, who feared their cities would lose business.

d.

was far longer than any other canal in the United States at that time.

e.

proved economically unviable and was abandoned within a decade of its opening.

2.

a.

purchasing territory from France.

b.

purchasing territory from Russia.

c.

wars with Mexico.

d.

purchasing territory from Spain.

e.

a treaty with Great Britain.

2.

a.

was endorsed by President Andrew Johnson.

b.

sought to guarantee that one could not be denied suffrage rights based on race.

c.

made states responsible for determining all voter qualifications.

d.

was drafted by Susan B. Anthony.

e.

granted women the right to vote in federal but not state elections.

2.

a.

Benjamin Franklin and John Jay.

b.

Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry.

c.

George Washington and John Hancock.

d.

Patrick Henry and John Adams.

e.

Samuel Adams and James Madison.

2.

a.

It brought suffrage for women.

b.

It resulted in fair elections by the late 1870s in the South.

c.

It resulted in land being given to former slaves across the South.

d.

It established an amendment promising equal protection for all.

e.

It industrialized the South on the same level as the North.

2.

a.

backed the idea of popular sovereignty.

b.

extended the Missouri Compromise line to California.

c.

freed Dred and Harriet Scott.

d.

declared that Congress could not ban slavery from territories.

e.

endorsed the free soil policy of the Republicans.

2.

a.

made up less than one-third of English settlers in America.

b.

had a great deal of trouble acquiring land.

c.

had to surrender their freedom for a minimum of ten years to come to the colonies.

d.

had to pay half of the fare to get them to the New World.

e.

were almost entirely Irish.

2.

a.

Thomas Jefferson’s Republican Party represented maternal interests better than its opponents did.

b.

political equality of the sexes fit a republican society.

c.

women played an indispensable role in the new nation by training future citizens.

d.

women should be granted suffrage rights.

e.

education was wasted on women, who should worry only about having many children to populate the republic.

2.

a.

The colonial assemblies wanted to avoid wars with Native Americans.

b.

The French refused to leave forts in the Ohio Valley.

c.

Most Native American tribes did not agree with the policy.

d.

It involved a large geographical area.

e.

It involved taxes the colonists refused to pay.

2.

a.

owed its origins to Abraham Lincoln’s reemergence in the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

b.

won Republicans significant support from non-slaveholders in the South in 1856.

c.

convinced northerners that Catholic immigrants posed a more significant threat than the southern slave power.

d.

led to the argument by Abraham Lincoln and William Seward that free labor and slave labor were essentially incompatible.

e.

accepted southerners’ point that slavery protected their liberty, but explained that the economic benefits of free labor would outweigh the damage abolition would do to southern liberty.

2.

a.

stage multiple raids from Canada into the Upper Northwest.

b.

find new supplies of cotton outside the South.

c.

repudiate the Emancipation Proclamation.

d.

use its warships to break the Union blockade.

e.

recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America.

2.

a.

benefited from the endorsement of King James I.

b.

declined after its original success, as Europeans learned the dangers of smoking.

c.

was under the control of two planters, Walter Raleigh and the Earl of Kent.

d.

enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government.

e.

resulted in more unified settlements, thanks to tobacco’s propensity to grow only in certain areas of Virginia.

2.

a.

Their goal was to weaken the Quakers, who were critical of slavery.

b.

They hoped the national government would focus on developing manufacturing.

c.

They wanted to weaken the shipbuilding industry in the United States.

d.

They hoped cutting off the supply would eventually end slavery in the United States.

e.

They wanted to start a civil war.

2.

a.

a reestablishment of slavery.

b.

a civil rights movement that focused on segregation instead of abolition.

c.

more opportunities for land for Native Americans.

d.

limited economic opportunities for African-Americans.

e.

African-Americans being the majority of factory workers.

2.

a.

an economic freedom that would lead to a Native Americans becoming the wealthiest member of the tribe.

b.

the opportunity for some families to dominate others in the tribe.

c.

the opportunity for the chief to sell land to a European.

d.

the right of free speech.

e.

the chance to work with other tribe members to build a house.

2.

a.

the Glorious Revolution in England.

b.

Indian attacks in New England.

c.

the Salem witch trials.

d.

worsening economic conditions in Virginia.

e.

increased slavery in the Carolinas.

2.

a.

freedom of expression.

b.

the right to self-incrimination.

c.

the right to a trial by jury.

d.

that each English citizen owned a copy of the English Constitution.

e.

what an individual king or queen said it was.

2.

a.

Turner and his followers assaulted mostly men.

b.

Turner escaped capture.

c.

Many southern whites were in a panic after the rebellion.

d.

Fewer than twenty whites were killed during the rebellion.

e.

It occurred in Georgia.

2.

a.

Northern whites were not as racist as southern whites.

b.

It was too expensive to transport slaves to the North.

c.

More reformers lived in the North.

d.

The northern colonies used Indian labor instead.

e.

The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves.

2.

a.

They published pamphlets criticizing their masters, displaying their love of free speech.

b.

Some of them ran away or were disobedient to their masters.

c.

They sent letters home telling their fellow Englishmen that the American colonies offered special opportunities for freedom.

d.

They insisted on their right to serve in the militia, because they believed in the right to bear arms.

e.

They became abolitionists, fighting to end slavery in British North America.

2.

a.

responsible for introducing corn, tomatoes, and potatoes to the Americas.

b.

the first store in the New World, named for the man who founded it.

c.

the agreement that documented what Christopher Columbus would give to Spanish leaders in return for their sponsorship of his travel to the New World.

d.

John Cabot’s exploration of the New World, which brought more of the goods that Columbus had found back to the Old World.

e.

the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.

2.

a.

They did not want the Constitution to allow slavery.

b.

They wanted to end slavery as quickly as possible.

c.

The institution of slavery was strictly an economic venture for them.

d.

They did not want slaves to see any references to themselves.

e.

They felt a reference to slavery tainted American ideals on liberty and equality.

2.

a.

engage Lee in battle.

b.

link up with Grant’s army.

c.

secure Richmond for the Union.

d.

demoralize the South’s civilian population.

e.

free Union prisoners at Andersonville.

2.

a.

pottery.

b.

textiles.

c.

shoemaking.

d.

guns.

e.

ironworks.

2.

a.

New competition created opportunities for the specialized skills of artisans, so their numbers expanded.

b.

They began working in factories, which they preferred to enduring years of apprenticeship under the old system.

c.

Most artisans became factory owners and prospered as never before.

d.

Their lives changed little, because the economy allowed for plenty of room for specialized craftsmen.

e.

Working in factories, they faced constant supervision as they used power-driven machinery.

2.

a.

the West Indies to the Mississippi River Valley.

b.

Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi to Kentucky, Virginia, and Maryland.

c.

older states like Virginia to the Lower South.

d.

the Lower South to the Upper South.

e.

the lower Mississippi River Valley to the upper Mississippi River Valley.

2.

a.

British sympathizers.

b.

Alexander Hamilton’s economic ideas.

c.

the Republican press.

d.

Federalists.

e.

illegal immigrants.

2.

a.

the government should encourage manufacturing and commerce by keeping its hands off of the economy.

b.

England wanted the right to sell goods in France, but only to non-Catholic buyers.

c.

the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.

d.

merchants should control the government because they contributed more than others to national wealth.

e.

colonies existed as a place for the mother country to send raw materials to be turned into manufactured goods.

2.

a.

was cited by Tennessee as the reason it rejoined the Union in 1864.

b.

did not apply to the border slave states that had not seceded.

c.

was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court later that year.

d.

was very popular with voters associated with the Democratic Party.

e.

freed slaves throughout the United States.

2.

a.

75 percent.

b.

55 percent.

c.

10 percent.

d.

40 percent.

e.

25 percent.

2.

a.

that controversies over the emancipation of slaves could turn violent.

b.

that Congress’s attempts to pass pro-debtor laws were unpopular with farmers.

c.

the need for a stronger central government.

d.

that land distribution policies were out of date.

e.

the chaotic nature of Indian policy after the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

2.

a.

declined about 15 percent as the supply of slaves in the internal slave trade increased.

b.

declined because labor-intensive agricultural work became less popular in the South.

c.

rose about 80 percent, which made it harder for southern whites to enter the slaveholding class.

d.

became so inexpensive that the slaveholding class grew to include nearly two-thirds of southern whites.

e.

rose less than 10 percent, which kept the size of the planter class about the same.

2.

a.

They invented the concept but refused to indulge in it.

b.

They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that they would enact proreligious legislation.

c.

They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister.

d.

The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not practice religion.

e.

They had never even heard of the concept.

2.

a.

the nation suffered more casualties than on any other day in its history.

b.

the Union’s river fleet proved crucial to the outcome.

c.

General Lee was successful and pushed north into Pennsylvania.

d.

General McClellan surrendered his troops.

e.

Lincoln announced the Thirteenth Amendment.

2.

a.

to open up more land for settlement

b.

to end the slave trade

c.

to bring stability to the colonial frontier

d.

to prohibit Catholicism in the territory newly acquired from France

e.

to protect the Indians

2.

a.

he knew Washington had opposed General Howe’s forces cutting down the Liberty Tree.

b.

they had an agreement that Adams would then be put in charge of administering the army in the New England colonies.

c.

he knew that Washington was weighing an offer from Britain to lead its North American forces.

d.

he shared Washington’s view of the importance of natural rights.

e.

the fact that Washington was from Virginia could help unify the colonists.

2.

a.

Paine used many Latin phrases, which led Jefferson to do the same.

b.

Both documents contradicted the ideas of John Locke.

c.

Both showed how a king can be a tyrant.

d.

Both Jefferson and Paine discussed how the United States could create a navy.

e.

Paine criticized using slaves from Africa, and that same criticism appeared in the Declaration of Independence.

2.

a.

the same thing that “child neglect” means today.

b.

British governments left the colonies largely alone to govern themselves.

c.

providing little oversight of slaves engaged in the task system.

d.

colonial legislatures were supposed to meet only when absolutely necessary.

e.

failing to salute British officers was a punishable offense for colonists.

2.

a.

Indigo.

b.

Tobacco.

c.

Cotton.

d.

Fur.

e.

Sugar.

2.

a.

that its rail network was more advanced than the Union’s.

b.

that the Lower South had long had significant manufacturing facilities.

c.

that so many of its men volunteered to fight that it never resorted to a draft.

d.

that its military-aged white male population was slightly larger than the Union’s.

e.

its large size, which made it more difficult for the Union to conquer.