Business and Society

APA FORMATTING AND STYLE GUIDE

THE BASICS

APA stands for American Psychologial Assocation, and the style is one of many in the academic world used to

regulate the language, procedures and formatting of manuscripts and other writing.

According to APA style, your paper should be typed and double-spaced, with one-inch margins on all sides, and

should include: a title page (example at the end of this document), page numbers with a running head, an abstract

(if instructor requires it), and a list of references (fictional example at the end of this document). Other basic aspects

of the APA style are:

APA is mostly concerned with dates and the recency of the material.

APA is specific regarding setup for the title page and running head/ page numbering rules. (See the end of this document for a template with all of the title page requirements; the header has been inserted at the top of each

page, and will automatically paginate your document.)

APA requires that quotations of more than 40 words be indented five to seven spaces from the margin and double-spaced.

APA requires one space after all punctuation marks.

APA requires that every source you use in your paper must be cited in the text as well as in the reference list. The exception to this is personal correspondence, which only has to be listed in the text.

A reference section at the back of your paper lists all references in alphabetical order on a page by itself. All lines after the first of each entry should be indented one half inch. See the reference list at the end of this

document for further examples of correct formatting.

If there is no author, list by title first.

CITING THE MOST COMMON SOURCES

BOOKS

Citation in reference list:

Last name, first initial(s). (Year published). Title of book: Subtitle if applicable (capitalize only the first word of

the title: Capitalize also first word for any subtitle). (edition number if there is one. Do not use superscript).

City: Publishing company.

Example:

Williams, P. J. (2000). Marketing your dreams (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Sports Publishing, Inc.

Note: Only name the state with the city if the city is not well known. If several works by the same author, list by

year of publication, earliest first. Also, hanging indents and all lines of the reference after the first line, are five

spaces (in reference list only, not in-text).

Same citation in the body of your paper:

(Last name, year published)

Example:

(Williams, 2000). This is placed at the end of the sentence or paragraph that you are citing.

However, if citing exact wording the phrase must be in quotations followed by (Last name, year published,

p. page number). Also use the following example if referencing material on a specific page.

Example:

“You can market to anywhere in the world” (Williams, 2000, p. 23).

Note: The “p.” (or pp. for more than one page) is only used in the body of the text; it is not used in the reference

section (except for articles or chapters in an edited book).

PERIODICALS

A professional journal is different from a magazine: Sports Illustrated is a magazine; the Journal of Legal Aspects of

Sport is a professional journal. For a journals’ issue number, if there is one, there is no space between the volume

number and the parenthetical mark, and it is not italicized like the title and volume number.

Journal reference listing:

Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating.

Psychological Review, 30(20), 5-40.

Journal Article with DOI from electronic source:

Proietto, J. (2010, March 25). Endocrine aspects of obesity. Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, p. 103.

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.12.004.

Journal article without DOI (when DOI is not available):

Dyer, J. & Beck, N. (2007). Psychocardiology: Advancing the assessment and treatment of heart patients. E-Journal

of Applied Psychology 3(2), 3-12. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/article/view/88/120

Magazine reference listing:

Henry, W. A. III. (1990, April 9). Beyond the melting pot. Time, 135, 28-31.

Online magazine article:

Sutherland, B. (2009, April 18). Apple’s new weapon. Newsweek. Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Citation in reference list:

Last name, initial(s). (Year, date published). Title. Name of Newspaper, volume number if applicable,

page number.

Example:

Thomas, A. (1998, November 2). When good boys go bad. The St. Augustine Record, 46, A5-A6.

In the body of your paper:

(Last name, year, pages)

Example:

(Thomas, 1998, pp. A5-A6)

INTERNET SOURCES

Generally, electronic citations begin with the standard elements as in the previous examples, followed by a retrieval

statement. Do not include hyperlinks.

Citation in reference list:

Last name, initial(s). (Year/month of publication). Title of article. Title of online Periodical, volume

number(Issue number if applicable). Retrieved from http://www.theaddress.com

Example:

Marion, J. D. (2004, September). People who make the news: Famous on the web. People Magazine, 26,

45. Retrieved from http://www.peoplemag.com

In the body of your paper:

(Author, year, paragraph number if available preceded by the abbreviation paragraph, if quoting)

Example:

(Marion, 2004, Conclusion section, para. 1)

INTERNET ARTICLES BASED ON A PRINT SOURCE

Only include Electronic Version (as shown below) if you have viewed the article in only the electronic form that is

the same as the print version. If there have been changes to the article in its electronic form, then leave Electronic

Version out and add a retrieval URL.

Citation in reference list, duplicate of a print source:

Smith, A. B. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being [Electronic Version].

Prevention Journal, 3, 110-122.

Citation in reference list, based on a print source, but modified:

Smith, A. B. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention Journal,

3, 110-122. Retrieved from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre003001a.html

In the body of your paper:

(Smith, 2000). Of course, include pp. (or para.) if you are citing or referencing specific information from the article.

LAW CASES

Citation in reference list:

Name v. Name, Case citation. (Court and year in which the case took place).

Example:

Montalvo v. Radcliffe, 167 F. 3d 873 (E.D. VA 1998).

In the body of your paper:

(Name v. Name, year in which the case took place)

Example:

(Montalvo v. Radcliffe, 1998)

Note: Law cases and names of publications are underlined or italicized.

ARTICLE OR CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK

Citation in reference list:

Last name, initial(s). (Year published). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (Volume

number if applicable, page numbers). Location: Publishing company.

Example:

Massaro, D. (1992). Broadening the domain of fuzzy logical model of perception. In H. L. Pick Jr., P. van

den Broek & D. C. Knill (Eds.), Cognition: Conceptual and methodological issues, (pp. 51-84).

Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Author = D. Massaro

Date of publication = 1992

Chapter or article title = Broadening the domain…

Book editors = In H. L. Pick Jr., P. van den Broek & D. C. Knill

Book title and article or chapter page numbers = Cognition: Conceptual and methodological issues, (pp. 51-84).

Publication information: Washington, DC: American Psychological Association

In the body of your paper:

(Last name, year, pp.[put the page numbers that you are specifically referencing, or if you are quoting directly])

Example:

(Massaro, 1992, pp. 54-55)

If a source is not listed here, or you have questions, you can also go to the Publication Manual of the American

Psychological Association, Sixth Edition. One is available at the main desk of the Cannon Memorial library. Help is

also available at the SLU’s online library at http://www.saintleo.edu/Academics/Library/Research-Writing-

Help/Citation-Help-APA-MLA-Chicago, or go to the APA style website at http://www.apastyle.org.

Running head: UNPAID INTERNS

1

Unpaid Interns

Susan Brown Foster

Saint Leo University

UNPAID INTERNS 2

References

Baggins, F., & Baggins, B. (2000). How to successfully grow mushrooms. Hobbit Habits, 476, 33-50.

Retrieved from www.hobbitsonline.org/articles/mushrooms.html

Baker, M. F., & Proudfeet, S. G. (1993). Psychiatric care of Hobbits. In A. C. Caw (Ed.), Culture, Race, and Mental

Illness (pp. 317-402). Baltimore, MD: American Psychiatric Press.

Dorian, J. D., & Turkelton, C. C. (1993). Social loafing: A darn good thing to do. Journal of Shady Medicine, 88(2),

681-706.

Hardbottle, P. J. (Ed.). (1992). Social habits of Hobbits. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

How to prevent social loafing on teams. (1995, Sept.). Supervisory Management, 40, 1.

Mergatroid, H. T. (1996). Sexual interest and behavior in healthy 80- to 102-year-olds. Journal of Sexual Behavior,

14, 76-350.

Packanimal, J. J., Attaboy, A. J., & Gogetter, O. B. (2003). How dogs communicate with humans (2nd ed.).

Memphis: McGraw-Hill.

Potter, H., Weasley, R., Granger, H., Malfoy, D., Hagrid, R., & Dumbledore, A., et al. (2001). The many magical

maladies of married morphing mermaids (392nd ed.). London: Prophet Publishing.

This guide was originally written by Dr. Susan Foster, Department of Sport Management at

Saint Leo University, April, 2007, and modified by the Saint Leo University Instructional Design Department according to

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition, using some of their examples.

student_instructions_turnitin.pdf