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Pre-Residency: 10 Strategic Points

Article Citation	Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 422-5. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0
Point	The Description	Location (Page #)
Broad Topic Area	Ethics in Leadership This study is based on many types of ethics and their roles in the leadership processes and its general impact in effective leadership. The study examines the positive contributions of role models in shaping corporate leadership and upholding of ethical standards within an organization (Brown, & Treviño, 2014).	422
Lit Review	The previous studies by scholar have found that there is a strong link between the leadership traits and the behaviors of the leaders as they relate to the perceptions they portray in their ethical leadership. The major concern can be, are the traits influenced by the process of learning in the society.	468
Problem Statement	“In this research, the paper proposes that the ethical role models are very influential in the development of ethical leadership in any field of study by providing a practical example of ethical leadership is a person and the set standards.” (Brown, & Treviño, 2014).
Research Questions	“Whether role model leaders have a relation with employees who rate their ethical leadership.”	496-497
Sample	The sample group that was involved was made of 50 managers, out of the 220 managers who were personally contacted for the study Average age: 32 Gender: 48 % of the sample used as men. Average tenancy: 14 years. Reports: 500, 1, 200 surveys were conducted from the field.	514
Describe Phenomena (qualitative) or Define Variables/ Hypotheses (quantitative)	“Hypothesis 1: Many people believe that having had ethical leadership role model in the tender age is positively related to what is alleged over the ethical leadership in the late ages.” (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). “Hypothesis 2: Having a workplace or preferred ethical role model is positively related to having the same traits in the leadership at a later date.” “Hypothesis 3: Any topic leadership is perceived to have the ethical leadership in the modeling of the management .” “Hypothesis 4: Age moderates the ethical leadership that is perceived by the childhood role model and the ethical leadership in the older age by having a stronger motive in the young leaders.” (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). “Hypothesis 5: Age moderates the relations between the career in modeling and the perceived ethical leadership that is learned which is seen to be strong in the old age compared to the young age.”	521- 522
Methodology & Design	The surveys went through an internal mail system and the Privacy was guaranteed to all participants which were a promise Managers: They provided information on their role models and added the background and demographic information on them Direct Reports: The information was submitted about the managers’ leadership traits.	543
Purpose Statement	Investigating the relationship that is there between the different types of the ethical role models and the rating of the ethical leadership that is portrayed out. (Brown, & Treviño, 2014).	556
Data Collection Approach	A survey was given to the manager to collect data about their mentors and to collect information about how their mentor’s leads A survey was then sent to the direct reports to see how the leader lead.	571
Data Analysis Approach	Multiple ordinary least squares regression was applied The three regression models were completed by the author: Model 1: The variables of the Leader’s background and demographic information were taken Model 2: Prediction of role modeling was done Model 3 Hypothesized moderating.
Evaluation (Maximum 250-500 words) The formation and establishment of ethical standards in leadership are dependent on the prevailing conditions individuals find themselves. This implies individuals design their administration morals based on coaches they encountered as they were realizing their specialty. The creators of the investigation trusted in the event they were in an actual situation based on our condition then it would make sense to go against the initial characteristics of their coaches. At the point an individual chooses a coach, they process their moral initiative example from that point. This can have positive and negative influence on a leader's ethical. To gather the required information, the authors issued studies requesting point by point data regarding moral administration procedures and statistic data. The reports were question concerning the administrations leadership methods. The reviews were processed through inside mail framework, and discretion was provided to the participants. The creators trusted the moral advancement of a pioneer is specifically identified by the impact of the coach’s.  The scientific research study seeks to use primary and secondary sources of data business organizations to among selected 600 managers, to which 241 responded. The gathering of troughs provides researchers a cross-area of the organizations leaders in an endeavor they produced precise outcomes. The inquiries the study requested were used to inspire a reaction about how the troughs moral initiative is influenced by the activities of their tutors. The main objective the researchers could have done to obtain an exact reaction is review more organizations.

References

Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 587-598. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0.

Thanks for your work here. To see the comments within, please enable your 'Track Changes' feature in MS Word and see the balloons with comments. Please use this information as guidance moving forward. Remember: Please be sure to use the APA Manual 6th edition for all assignments. Please also be sure to visit/use the University's wonderful FREE Writing Center that has tutorials, webinars, links, handouts, tip sheets, samples, and services, all to help you succeed. FURTHER, some other tools to check out are the following:

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Thanks, Doc

�OK good so in stating the problem ..you will look for what good traits/behaviors are needed, etc..

�?? what do you mean by this?

�At GCU you are REQUIRED to frame your problem statement using this exact wording:

‘It is not known..’.

�NO..do this for an aligned RQ..FYI..at GCU you are required to have 2 RQs..more on this in class next week.

Tip: To form a well ALIGNED, APPROVABLE research question, you would take your PROBLEM STATEMENT and make it into a question..voila, a well aligned research question! I know, it seems too good to be true..but it's true! You may only need one or two more research questions (you may get away with only one however…ask your Chair for their preference). It's that simple. Remember, the Research Question is completely different than your INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (if you are using them).

Make certain that your problem statement (specific problem), purpose statement, and research question align.

One other thing to remember: Your RESEARCH QUESTION should ALWAYS be open ended in in a qualitative study. Open ended means you should NEVER be able to answer your research question with a 'yes' or a 'no' response. If this can happen, the participant can/will 'shut down your study'..Yikes!

�what methodology and design are you using??

�are you doing quantitative work? What design will you use?�These need to be set up properly.

In ‘doctoral speak’ when you are asked about a research/methodology you are being asked if this was a qualitative, quantitative or mixed methodology study. Of those types there are also subsets called ‘research designs’, i.e. in qualitative there are; case studies, ethnographic, phenomenological, narrative, and grounded study. In quantitative there are; experimental and correlational studies.

In the Research Methodology of Qualitative, there are only a few DESIGNS to choose from: ethnographic, descriptive, grounded theory, phenomenological, case study, and narrative.   If you will be conducting a study doing a Quantitative Methodology, there are only these types of DESIGNS: Experimental, Quasiexperimental, and Non-Experimental (Descriptive, Relational/Correlation and Causal Comparative). If you are discussing HOW you will get data, i.e. surveys, interviews, content analysis, focus groups, etc…these are NOT a DESIGN, but rather a DATA COLLECTION METHOD. You will want to be very precise as to the terminology you are using so you speak in the same ‘doctoral language’ as other scholars. Please see the works of prolific and respected authors such as John Creswell ..we has done a lot of work in the area of research methodologies.

FYI… you ONLY have a research hypothesis in a QUANTITATIVE study and in the quantitative portion of a MIXED STUDY. You will NEVER EVER have a HYPOTHESIS in a QUALITATIVE STUDY.

Additionally, hypothesis are indicated by the following: H0 (null hypothesis); H1; H2, H3, etc..etc..when/if a quantitative study is conducted.

In QUALITATIVE studies you would only use a RESEARCH QUESTION(S).

RESEARCH QUESTIONS are used in all 3 research methodologies.

Note in your wording/framing:

There is ALWAYS a relationship, it may not be high but one exists.

You need to word this way:

H0: there is not a statistically significant relationship between…

H1: there is a statistically significant relationship between..

 

A full set of these plus a fully aligned research question is used for each variable.

�where is it?? You are missing this entire section!

In ‘doctoral speak’ when you are asked about a research/methodology you are being asked if this was a qualitative, quantitative or mixed methodology study. Of those types there are also subsets called ‘research designs’, i.e. in qualitative there are; case studies, ethnographic, phenomenological, narrative, and grounded study. In quantitative there are; experimental and correlational studies.

In the Research Methodology of Qualitative, there are only a few DESIGNS to choose from: ethnographic, descriptive, grounded theory, phenomenological, case study, and narrative.   If you will be conducting a study doing a Quantitative Methodology, there are only these types of DESIGNS: Experimental, Quasiexperimental, and Non-Experimental (Descriptive, Relational/Correlation and Causal Comparative). If you are discussing HOW you will get data, i.e. surveys, interviews, content analysis, focus groups, etc…these are NOT a DESIGN, but rather a DATA COLLECTION METHOD. You will want to be very precise as to the terminology you are using so you speak in the same ‘doctoral language’ as other scholars. Please see the works of prolific and respected authors such as John Creswell ..we has done a lot of work in the area of research methodologies.

�No..you missed this section’s required items:

The purpose of this [METHODOLOGY] [DESIGN] is to explore (XXXXXX usually from your specific business problem). The targeted population will consist of (XXXX who will give you the data- i.e.owners of companies) located in (XXXX what geographical location,). The implication for positive social change includes the potential to (provide social change statement XXXX).

~~ This section should NOT be more than 150 words..having more indicates a lack of understanding of key research fundamentals as well as how the mechanics of your study will be implemented.

 

_Research_Question: (Use your specific business problem to craft your research question) 

�WAS..you have not done your study yet?? WHY is this in the past tense?:?

�NO..you have not done YOUR study yet..why is this info here?????

�NO..you were not to evaluate the work of others here..you are to lay out YOUR study!