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Team 19 Team Methods Plan

1. See D2L Brightspace for which team member will complete the Methods Plan. 2. Methods Writer​: View the team’s Hypothesis Arguments, decide which hypothesis

to test, and fill out this Methods Plan worksheet & submit to Discussions. 3. Methods Writer​: Use team feedback to improve & submit a Final Methods Plan.

The Big Picture

Task Letter Name Methods Plan __​A__ _Kate Westphal_​_____________ Experiment & Data Table __​A__ _Kate Westphal​______________ Results Section __B__ _Mii Elma___________________ Reflex Loop __D__ _Abbie Nygren_______________ Discussion Section __C__ _Andrei Tolins________________

Remember: ● The team member who is completing the Methods Plan is also the team member

who will be doing the experiment. You will have one subject. ● A second person will likely be needed when doing the experiment as the subject or

as an assistant to measure and record pulse, time the experiment, and introduce and remove the stimulus.

● View the time line before planning your experiment. Your experiments will start with 5 min of rest. The first 1 min will be a control (no stimulus segment) and will be followed by 1 min of stimulus. This will repeat two more times.

● You can measure pulse for 15 sec, 30 sec, or 1 min of this segment – include your plan in this Methods Plan.

Our team decided to test the following ​hypothesis​: ​Listening to relaxing music will decrease heart rate. Rationale​: On which observation, prior knowledge and/or physiology principles is your hypothesis based? For the ​CHOICE​ experiment, connect to the previous experiment you are improving or expanding. ​The hypothesis is based on the idea that when listening to music, our movements tend to begin to mimic the tempo of whatever it is we are listening to. Relaxing, no words music carries a slower tempo which creates slower vibrations in the ear. The vibrations of the music picked up by the cochlear nerve are translated into electrical signals which make their way to the brain. The brain deals with sound processing as well as heart rate (Tuning In: How music may affect your heart,

2018). Hearing this steady rhythm signals the parasympathetic system to secrete acetylcholine which will help to decrease heart rate. Tuning In: How music may affect your heart. Harvard Health Publishing website.

https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/tuning-in-how-music-may-affect-y our-heart. Published June, 2018. Accessed September 13, 2020.

Our ​independent variable​ is: ​Relaxing music Our ​dependent variable​ is:​ Heart rate The ​unit of measurement​ is: ​Measurement of heart rate at decided intervals using beats per minute (BPM). Our ​X-axis label​ will be: ​Stimulus, relaxing music. Our ​Y-axis label​ (and units) will be: ​Average heart rate measurement

Which graph represents what you expect to see in your team’s experiment? A or​ ​B

Expected graph results:

Measurements Describe your experimental conditions. These questions will help you think about how you will control your experiment by keeping variables the same during the time without and with stimulus. See the ​Remember​ section on page 1. 1. Who will be your subject?​ Kate, female subject.

2. How will your subject be exposed to the stimulus? ​Subject will first sit in an upright position and place earbud headphones on. Subject will sit as is with no stimulus, in a quiet setting, for 5 minutes. Subject will then have relaxing music played for them through headphones for a period of one full minute, followed by one full minute of no music. Control and stimulus will be repeated two more times. Subject’s partner will both begin the play of music through earphones and record heart rate thirty seconds into each one minute segment. The selected stimulus played in the headphones will be ​Cello suite no. 1 in G major​, performed by ​Yo-Yo Ma​. This will come from the streaming service Spotify, which is ad free.

3. Will your subject be exposed to the stimulus for the entire 1 minute each time? Why? ​Yes. One full minute of exposure to the stimulus followed by one whole minute without will allow for more chance of stimuli effect on subject heart rate.

4. What is your subject’s body position? Will this be the same during control and stimulus conditions? Why? ​Sitting in an upright position, in a quiet area of the home. This will be the same during control and stimulus conditions as to be able to compare and/or contrast heart rate before and after stimulus presentation. This will be done to maintain the cohesiveness of the experiment.

5. Will your subject’s eyes be open or closed? Will they use an eye mask or blindfold? Why? ​Eyes will be closed to better prevent anticipation of music being started or stopped, which could create unwanted changes in heart rate.

6. Will your subject wear a face mask? Why? ​No. The experiment will be conducted in a comfortable area of the subject’s living area where social distancing is not necessary. The use of a face mask may contribute to anxiety, leading to unwanted changes in heart rate, compromising results.

7. Will your subject wear earplugs or earphones? Why? ​Earbud headphones will be worn to 1) block out any outside noise while listening to the stimulus and 2) maintain a smooth transition from the listening phase to the non-listening phase.

8. Which other conditions will help you control your experiment? (For example, if they are looking at a picture of an ex-partner as stimulus, they might look at the blank back of the picture during the control). ​Subject will not be able to see any lights or media from the auditory device that will be playing the music which could cause

unwanted stimulation. The subject will wear earbud headphones for ease of transition from listening to not listening to music.

9. How will you measure heart rate or respiratory rate? (For example, will you use an app, pulse by another person, or other equipment)? ​Pulse will be counted by the subject's partner at the radial artery for the last 30 seconds of each one minute segment. Heart rate will be measured by multiplying heart rate by 2 to receive the beats per minute.

10. During your 1-minute segments, when will you measure heart rate or respiratory rate? Why will you measure then? (For example, you might measure the last 30 seconds if you think it will take time for a response such as listening to the news or might measure 15 seconds before and after a startling stimulus like an alarm clock).

Heart rate will be measured in the last 30 seconds to first allow for processing of the sound of relaxing music to occur.

Variables Which characteristics of your subject(s) and/or experimental plan might affect your results that you cannot control? Example: a fire truck drove by. (Include at least ​two potential uncontrolled variables.)

1) Live with two dogs that may bark unexpectedly. 2) Malfunction of media equipment that makes music too loud or too quiet. 3) Subject has a hard time with meditation or clearing the mind of thoughts so they

may relate the 5 minute rest to previous meditation experiences, causing anxiety/undesired heart rate effects.

Calculations 1. Describe how you will calculate heart rate in beats per minute or respiratory rate in

breaths per minute (For example, if you are counting pulse for 15 seconds in each 1-minute segment):

30 second recorded pulse: Heart rate ​with​ stimulus x 2 = BPM Heart rate ​without​ stimulus x 2 = BPM

2. Describe which measurements will be averaged: ​Three recorded heart rates without

stimulus and three recorded heart rates with stimulus will be averaged. 3. Write equations for how averages will be calculated:

Average Equation:

Heart rate ​with​ stimulus: Heart Rate 1+Heart Rate 2+Heart Rate 3 = X X/3 =Average heart rate with stimulus

Heart rate ​without​ stimulus: Heart Rate 1+Heart Rate 2+Heart Rate 3 = X X/3 =Average heart rate without stimulus

Effect of Relaxing Music on Heart Rate in a Female Adult

Introduction:

When listening to music, our movements tend to begin to mimic the tempo of whatever it is we are listening to. Relaxing, no words music carries a slower tempo which creates slower vibrations in the ear. The vibrations of the music picked up by the cochlear nerve are translated into electrical signals which make their way to the brain. The brain deals with sound processing as well as heart rate (Tuning In: How music may affect your heart, 2018). Hearing this steady rhythm signals the parasympathetic system to secrete acetylcholine which will help to decrease heart rate.

This experiment is designed to determine if the body will react to the type of music picked up by the cochlear nerve. It is hypothesized that listening to relaxing music will decrease the heart rate of the intended subject.

Methods:

Subject will first sit in an upright position and place earbud headphones on. Subject will sit as is with no stimulus, in a quiet setting, for 5 minutes. Subject will then have relaxing music played for them through headphones for a period of one full minute, followed by one full minute of no music. Control and stimulus will be repeated two more times. Subject’s partner will both begin the play of music through earphones and record heart rate thirty seconds into each one minute segment. The selected stimulus played in the headphones will be ​Cello suite no. 1 in G major​, performed by ​Yo-Yo Ma​. This will come from the streaming service Spotify, which is ad free.

Subject will have eyes closed as to not be able to see any lights or media from the auditory device that will be playing the music which could cause unwanted stimulation. The subject will wear earbud headphones for ease of transition from listening to not listening to music.

Pulse will be counted by the subject's partner at the radial artery for the last 30 seconds of each one minute segment. Heart rate will be measured by multiplying heart rate by 2 to receive the beats per minute (BPM).

Three recorded heart rates without stimulus and three recorded heart rates with stimulus will be averaged and recorded in a data table.

Bibliography: Tuning In: How music may affect your heart. Harvard Health Publishing website.

https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/tuning-in-how-music-may-affect-y our-heart. Published June, 2018. Accessed September 13, 2020.