PICOT presentation
cnoreus
Teach.docx
Can the link between childhood obesity and incidence of diabetes be reduced by lifestyle modifications in childhood
Background
· Childhood obesity is a significant public health concern that has been associated with various adverse health outcomes, including an increased risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
· The link between childhood obesity and T2DM is multifaceted and involves complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
· In obese individuals, the cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated blood
glucose levels, a hallmark of T2DM.
· Adipose tissue (fat cells) releases pro-inflammatory molecules, which can interfere with insulin signaling and contribute to insulin resistance. This inflammatory environment is thought to be a key factor linking obesity to T2DM.
· Individuals who experience obesity from a young age may be at a higher risk, as the prolonged
exposure to excess weight can have detrimental effects on metabolic health.
Objectives
· Perform a narrative review of current literature to identify if there is a significant correlation between lifestyle modification in overweight and obese children and a reduction in the incidence of T2DM in adulthood.
· Identifying if preventing childhood obesity and promoting a healthy lifestyle
from an early age can reduce the risk of T2DM in later life.
· Interventions focused on improving diet, increasing physical activity, and promoting overall well-being
PICO
Population - Overweight-obese (BMI 26+) Children/adolescence (age 5- 17) without
Type 1 Diabetes
Intervention - Observation of children who are overweight-obese and the development of type II diabetes in adulthood.
Comparison - Children/adolescents ages 5 -17 with BMI between 18-25
Outcome - Children/adolescents with a higher BMI who engage in positive lifestyle modifications with reduce their incidence of T2DM in adulthood
References
· World Health Organization. (n.d.). Growth reference 5-19 years - BMI-for-age (5-19 years). World Health Organization. https:// www.who.int/tools/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years/indicators/bmi-for-age
· Hudda, M. T., Aarestrup, J., Owen, C. G., Cook, D. G., Sørensen, T. I. A., Rudnicka, A. R., Baker, J. L.,
Whincup, P. H., & Nightingale, C. M. (2021). Association of childhood Fat Mass and Weight with Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Denmark. JAMA Network Open, 4(4), e218524. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.8524
· Bjerregaard, L. G., Jensen, B. W., Ängquist, L., Osler, M., & Sørensen, T. I. A. (2018). Change in Overweight from Childhood to Early Adulthood and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine, 378(14), 1302–1312. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1713231
· Twig, G., Zucker, I., Afek, A., Cukierman‐Yaffe, T., Bendor, C. D., Derazne, E., Lutski, M., Shohat, T., Mosenzon, O., Tzur, D., Pinhas‐Hamiel, O., Tiosano, S., Raz, I., Gerstein, H. C., & Tirosh, A. (2020). Adolescent obesity and Early-Onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 43(7), 1487–1495. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1988
· Serbis, A., Giapros, V., Kotanidou, E. P., Galli‐Τsinopoulou, A., & Siomou, E. (2021). Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. World Journal of Diabetes, 12(4), 344–
365. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.344
References
· Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C. D., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. The BMJ, 339(jul21 1), b2700. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2700
· Gepstein, & Weiss, R. (2019). Obesity as the main risk factor for metabolic syndrome in children. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00568
