Discussion Main Post Required - Need in 12 Hours.
jhayes
Taylor_ExpertProject.pptxInstructional Strategies
Alice Taylor
Course EP 500-91
September 21, 2019
This Expertise Sharing Project is on instructional strategies.
1
What is an instructional strategy?
A learning activity that engages students and allows students to meet the learning objectives for the lesson, (Carnegie Melon University).
This slide explains the definition of an instructional strategy.
2
Alice Taylor (AT) -
Why are Learning Strategies Used
Learning strategies are used in increase student engagement, student motivation, and deepen student understanding of a concept. Learning strategies are the tools teachers need to teach concepts and maximize student learning.
This slide explains the purpose of using learning strategies and why they are so important to teachers.
3
Key Terms
Concept – “An abstract idea that is generalized from specific examples,” (Slavin, 2018, p. 440)
Content – the body of knowledge that is included in the curriculum for a class or grade level
Differentiated Instruction – “An approach to teaching that adapts the content, level, pace, and products of instruction in regular classes to accommodate different needs of diverse students,” (Slavin, 2018, p. 440)
ESL Student– A student who speaks a language other than English at home
Scaffolding – “Support for learning and problem solving; might include clues, reminders, encouragement, breaking the problem down into steps, providing an example, or anything else that allows a student to grow in independence as a learner,” (Slavin, 2018, p. 445)
Schemata (singular – schema) – “Mental networks of related concepts that influence understanding of new information,” (Slavin, 2018, p. 445)
Strategy – A careful plan or method (Merriam-Webster)
This slide defines key terms that are necessary to understand in order to understand the presentation.
4
Why are they used?
Allow teachers to support all learners
Differentiate learning
Effectively teach standards
Engage students
Increase student learning opportunities
Make learning fun
Keep students from becoming bored
Deepens student understanding of content
This slide lists the reasons that using learning strategies is beneficial to students and the teacher.
5
Learning Strategies for Reading
Think aloud
Teacher verbalizes thoughts while reading a story to students
Benefits
Engages students
Gives students a demonstration of what they should be doing while reading a story
Read aloud
Read text aloud to students
Benefits (Morrison & Wlodarczyk, 2009)
Increases students’ vocabulary
Motivates students to read
Improves comprehension
Builds listening and speaking abilities
Enhances language development
The next 3 slides contain learning strategies that can be used to teach reading concepts. While these learning strategies are listed in the reading portion of the presentation, each strategy can be beneficial to use in other content areas.
6
Learning Strategies for Reading
Making Connections
Relating what a student already knows to what is being read, (Morrison & Wlodarczyk, 2009), by asking questions, peer-led discussions, etc.
Benefits
Engages students
Builds schema
Encourages text-to-self, text-to-text, or text-to-world connections
Discussion Web
Graphic organizer used to help students discuss different perspectives before determining an answer
Benefits (Morrison & Wlodarczyk, 2009)
Deeper processing of information
Encourages students to work collaboratively
Encourages argumentation of an open-ended question
“Develops thinking, listening, talking, reading, writing, viewing, and visually representing abilities of students,” (p. 116)
Learning strategies for reading continued.
7
Learning Strategies for Reading
Direct Comprehension Instruction
Teach skills that help students comprehend a text like summarizing, calling on prior knowledge, and using a graphic organizer (Biancarosa, 2005)
Benefits
Gives students practice with skills
Models what students need to do
Can use different types of text to teach students to generalize skills
Intensive Writing
Student writes about what they have read (Biancarosa, 2005)
Benefits
Encourages critical thinking skills
Improves ability to use comprehension strategies
Improves students’ writing abilities
Learning strategies for reading continued.
8
Learning Strategies for Math
Repeated Practice
Give students multiple opportunities to practice a concept
Benefits
Broadens understanding of a concept
Helps students retain a concept
Builds confidence
Scaffolding Instruction
Giving students extra support as they learn a new concept such as asking leading questions or allowing students to work with a buddy (What is Scaffolded Learning?)
Benefits
Allows struggling students to participate in the curriculum
Teaches independence
Allows students to build on prior knowledge
Increases confidence
The next two slides contain learning strategies that are beneficial for math instruction. Once again, these learning strategies can be applied to other content areas.
9
Learning Strategies for Math
Encourage Math Talk
Talk to students about their work and their methods for solving a problem, (Adams, 2019)
Benefits
Deepens understanding of a concept
Allows teacher to gage understanding of student
Improves problem solving skills
Students learn from peers
Choose Meaningful Tasks
Choose task that students can relate to and understand, such as finding the area of a modal of the classroom not just a rectangle, (Adams, 2019)
Benefits
Increases student engagement
Allows for improved generalization
Helps students understand abstract concepts
Math learning strategies continued.
10
Learning Strategies for Struggling Learners
Sentence Frames
A complete sentence structure that has blanks for specific words to be filled in by a student (Carr & Bertrando, 2012)
Benefits
Scaffolds students who need additional help
Helps students know what is important
Gives struggling students access to the general education curriculum
Allows students to communicate in written form
Summarization
Summarize chunks of information at various points of the lesson, not just at the end (Carr & Bertrando, 2012) and teach students to summarize
Benefits
Engages struggling learners
Repetition of key concepts
Brakes lengthy lessons in smaller portions
Refocuses students
The next two slides contain learning strategies that are beneficial to use with struggling learners. The strategies listed are just some of the many that give struggling learners access to the general education curriculum. While they are listed on the struggling learners' slides, there are other applications and content areas where these strategies can help students learn.
11
Learning Strategies for Struggling Learners
Think-Pair-Share
Students think about an answer to a questions for approx. 15 seconds. Next, students talk with a peer and then share with the group (Carr & Bertrando, 2012)
Benefits
Students learn from peers
Allows struggling learners to form answers before verbalizing to group
Equal access to all students
Cues
Give students cues as they are learning a concept, examples are hints, questions, advance organizers, etc.
Benefits
Increases student understanding
Guides student learning
Allows struggling learners to actively participate
Engages learners
Struggling learner strategies continued.
12
Learning Strategies for ESL Students
Building Background Knowledge
Discuss or pre-teach a topic before teaching the topic
Benefits
Student comprehension improves
Students can make connections to the topic
Builds student curiosity which increases engagement
Encourage Oral Communication
Talk to ESL students about learning concepts and everyday topics such as what they are wearing and what they did over the weekend
Benefits
Develops oral language skills
Increases student’s comfort of speaking a new language in front of others
Builds confidence
Increases vocabulary
ESL students need help as they try to fit into an English only school system. The next three slides lists learning strategies that will help ESL students overcome the deficits that hinder their progress in a general education classroom.
13
Learning Strategies for ESL Students
Pre-teach Vocabulary (Gupta, 2019)
Before teaching a lesson, teach vocabulary words necessary to understand the concept
Benefits
Prior knowledge will be activated
New material will be easier to add to schema
Helps students gain meaning from a text or lesson
Use Multiple Modalities During Instruction (Gupta, 2019)
Use different teaching methods (read it, write it, see it, hear it, etc.) to teach a concept
Benefits
Meets the needs of diverse student populations
Engages students
Employs different cognitive functions
Develops the learner
ESL learning strategies continued.
14
Learning Strategies for ESL Students
Create a Welcoming Environment for Students (Gupta, 2019)
Creating a school environment that is safe for learning and inviting to all learners
Benefits
Builds relationships with students
Builds student confidence level
Students feel respected
Peers follow the tone set by the teacher
Use Visuals
Use graphics and pictures while teaching
Benefits
Helps students build schema
Engages students
Teaches vocabulary
Deepens understanding
ESL learning strategies continued.
15
Additional Learning Strategies
Activity Centers
Adapted Tests
Advance Organizers
AGO (Aims, Goals, and Objectives)
Agreement Circles
Alphabet Games
Anticipatory Set
Balanced Literacy
Behavior Management
Benchmark Testing
Book Talks
Brain Based Learning
Brainstorming
Cause and Effect
Charades/Role Playing
Checking for Understanding
Coral Reading
Coral Response
Classroom Meetings
Classroom Routines
Cloze Procedure
Collaborative Learning
Co-teaching
Discussion Groups
Flipped Classroom
Give One / Get One
Group Writing
KWL Charts
Learning Logs
Quick Writes
Reciprocal Teaching
Sentence Starters
Snowball Fights
Sticky Notes
Whole Brain Teaching
Writer’s Workshop
I think it is important to see that there are hundreds of great learning strategies available for teachers to use. It is sometimes hard to understand the concept of learning strategies and how they are used. By seeing strategies that are used daily, I hope teachers will gain a deeper understanding of learning strategies and how they are used in a classroom.
16
References
Slide 2
Carnegie Mellon University. (n.d.). Instructional Strategies - Eberly Center - Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved from https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/designteach/design/instructionalstrategies/
Graphic retrieved from https://www.usnews.com/opinion/knowledge-bank/2015/10/09/5-things-your-childs-teacher-might-believe-but-you-shouldnt
Slice 3 & 4
Graphic retrieved from https://lunchbuddiesplus.wordpress.com/2014/05/
Grpahic retrieved from https://rorytrotter.com/2013/03/01/would-you-join-a-company-to-work-for-your-dream-boss/
Slavin, R. E. (2018). Educational Psychology Theory and Practice (12th ed.). New York, NY: Prentice Hall.
Slice 5
Graphic retrieved from http://blog.discoveryeducation.com/blog/2011/03/09/sun-fun-and-learning/
Slide 6 & 7
Graphic retrieved from https://www.smumn.edu/academics/graduate/education/m.a.-in-literacy-education-k-12-reading
Graphic retrieved from http://www.readingeducator.com/strategies/web.htm
Morrison, V., & Wlodarczyk, L. (2009). Revisiting Read-Aloud: Instructional Strategies That Encourage Students’ Engagement With Texts. READING TEACHER, (2), 110. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.uwa.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsbl&AN=RN263648947&site=eds-live
Slide 8
Biancarosa, G. (2005). After Third Grade. Educational Leadership, 63(2), 16. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.uwa.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ulh&AN=18491429
Graphic retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/quick-writing-prompts-p2-2081846
Slice 9 & 10
Adams, C. (2019, January 4). 11 Essential Strategies in Teaching Math. Retrieved from https://www.weareteachers.com/strategies-in-teaching-mathematics/
Graphic retrieved from https://tapirape.wordpress.com/2014/09/30/educacion-personalizada/
Graphic retrieved from https://www.weareteachers.com/strategies-in-teaching-mathematics/
What Is Scaffold Learning? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://mathsolutions.com/uncategorized/what-is-scaffold-learning/
The next two slides list the references for the presentation.
17
References
Slide 11 & 12
Carr, J., & Bertrando, S. (2012). Top 10 instructional strategies for struggling students These tools can help schools leverage familiar instructional strategies in new ways that support all students and become habits within the school culture. LEADERSHIP -BURLINGAME-, (1), 24. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.uwa.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsbl&AN=RN318013791&site=eds-live
Graphic retrieved from https://msduffyspeaks.wordpress.com/2015/03/18/think-pair-share/
Graphic retrieved from http://www.multibriefs.com/briefs/exclusive/using_sentence_frames.html
Slide 13
ESL Education: Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners. (2018, September 7). Retrieved from https://education.cu-portland.edu/blog/classroom-resources/esl-teaching-strategies-for-educators/
Graphic retrieved from https://literacychange.org/2014/04/18/teaching-is/
Slide 14 & 15
Graphic retrieved from https://www.gettingsmart.com/2016/06/10-popular-apps-english-language-learners-teachers/
Graphic retrieved from https://i.pinimg.com/736x/f8/44/7c/f8447c053c94fa7d7a31d46da4fe325b.jpg
Gupta, A. (2019). Principles and Practices of Teaching English Language Learners. International Education Studies, 12(7), 49. doi: 10.5539/ies.v12n7p49
Slice 16
Graphic retrieved from https://www.minskole.no/lovisenlund/Underside/5261
Instructional Strategies List for Teachers. (2019, August 7). Retrieved from https://instructionalstrategies.org/instructional-strategies-list-teachers/
18
