Review of the Literature Assignment

Tamika Payne

23rd November 2016

Homework 11

Sleep patterns and sleepiness of working college students

As a young adult we undergo intense development physical, emotional and cognitive that can be stressed and aggravated by many factors such as relationships, independence living away from home etc. Teixeira stated in his research that, work and study the double journey may impact your health problems, including sleep patterns for example work may affect sleep and nap duration and time spent in school (2012, p. 5550). Throughout this article, it analyzes the perceived sleepiness of working college students during the day and sleep-wake cycle. This analysis consisted of 23 males in college who has been working for a few months with similar workweeks. Some of the males were either married, had children, have body weight issues and or smoked. During the finding, most of these men at least worked roughly more than 6 to 8 hours a day. As time proceeds throughout the semester, students who balance a fulltime job during the day and manage to be student in the evening experience “Sleepiness worsened over the evening school hours” (Teixeira, 2012, p. 5552). Teixeira found that adolescents who fail to obtain sufficient sleep or who lack a regular sleep schedule are likely to have the highest level of school absenteeism”(as cited in Acebo et al., 2011, 8).

Key words definition; sleepiness is a state of mind when you lack sleep so therefore you become sleepy. Working college students is a student that takes the double journey cycle of working during the day on weekdays during the school year. Sleep-wake cycle the body is the amount of sleep a student get daily throughout the year and the difference between how long they stay up more than they sleep.

Teixeira, L., Lowden, A., Da Luz, A. A., Turte, S. L., Valente, D., Matsumura, R. J., . . . Fischer, F. M. (2012). Sleep patterns and sleepiness of working college students. IOS Press, 5550-5552. doi:10.3233/WOR-2012-0879-5550 

Stress and Sleep Disturbances in Female College Students

In this article they described the association of stress based on disturbance, depression and physical symptoms have in common when it comes to sleep. Each of these plays a factor in contributing to stress and fatigue in female college students. Lee et al. (2013) perceived that stress and sleep disturbances are significant predictors for depressive symptoms and physical symptoms (p.851). Stress on a college student can cause sleep disturbance because of the amount of academic challenges they might face and daily life circumstances. Throughout this study, the participants were college females 18 and older, all race and status. One research question that was addressed was, “To what degree are physical symptoms explained by an individual's personal characteristics, perceived stress, and sleep disturbances? (2013)”. Lee et al. (2013) predicted hypothesis was tested: Women with poor sleep have adverse health outcomes such as increased fatigue severity, daytime sleepiness, depressive symptoms, and more physical symptoms than women with good sleep (p.852). The results that was able to be retrieved with stress and sleep disturbance in female college students 0-7 rating scale, was used to assess the study participants' degree of sleep disturbance in the past week. “It was found that the students experienced high stress during the school year and majority of them slept less than 6 hours during weekdays and experienced moderate fatigue. High stress levels are associated with sleep disturbances, less nocturnal total sleep time, higher fatigue severity, and more depressive symptoms (p.854).” The best way to help decrease the stress of female students in the college is to have some type of intervention as it is critically needed.

Key words definition; Female is a person opposite of the sex male. College students a student matriculated at a four year or 2 year institution. Sleep is a naturally reoccurring state of mind altered by consciousness. Stress is a feeling we have when we are under pressure. Depressive symptoms are a persistent feeling of sadness, day time sleepiness is lack of sleep during the day so you’re therefore always sleepy.

Lee, S., Wuertz, C., Rogers, R., & Chen, Y. (2013). Stress and Sleep Disturbances in Female College Students. American Journal of Health Behavior, 37(6), 851-858. doi:10.5993/ajhb.37.6.14

Relationship between sleep disturbance and depression, anxiety, and functioning in college students

The hypothesis of this article is was that students with significant depressive symptoms with SD would have a greater psychiatric symptom burden and functional impairment compared to those students with depressive symptoms without SD (Nyer et al., 2013, p. 874). According to Nyer et al. research that self-report measures students with depressive symptoms and SD had greater anxiety and more impaired cognitive and physical functioning, compared to students without SD. Despite the results not reaching statistical significance, there may be a trend for students with depressive symptoms and SD to have more hyper arousal compared to those without SD (2013, p. 875). This article also shown how college students who have depressive symptoms and SD may experience a greater burden of anxiety, hyperarousal, and impairments in functioning, compared to students with depressive symptoms and no SD although it was not a repeated test in other populations. As far as concluding the results of this research Nyer feel as though college students with depressive symptoms with SD may occurrence a greater burden of anxiety symptoms and hyper arousal, and may have impairments in functioning, compared to students with depressive symptoms without SD.

Nyer, M., Farabaugh, A., Fehling, K., Soskin, D., Holt, D., Papakostas, G. I., . . . Mischoulon, D. (2013, May 16). Relationship Between Sleep Disturbance And Depression, Anxiety, And Functioning In College Students. Depression and Anxiety, 30(9), 873-880. doi:10.1002/da.22064 

The prevalence of sleep disorders in college students: impact on academic performance

The National Sleep Foundation found that high school students who reported insufficient sleep or daytime sleepiness also reported depressed mood and lower grades, whereas 80% of students who reported getting enough sleep made As and Bs in school. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders among college students, to examine whether race or gender associated with different patterns of sleep disorders, and to determine whether students at risk for sleep disorders were also at risk for poor academic performance. Some results may be unbelievable to believe but it was proven that those who reported no sleep disorder had a higher GPA than did those who reported at least one sleep disorder among students in academic jeopardy (GPA less than a 2.0) (Gaultney, 2010, p.94). Some contribution to low GPA consists of being an evening person, getting less sleep, and having inconsistent bedtimes. To move forward to improving academically as a struggled student it is best that a struggling student sleep disorder may be modifiable, and education about sleep hygiene may be useful, perhaps in a form of an intervention. Lectures, group discussion, and self-evaluation were used to educate 241 college students. In conclusion, college students may be at risk for sleep disorders and that sleep may impact academic success (p.95).

Keywords definition; Academic performance is performed by students in school daily such as homework and partaking in class. College students is a student enrolled in an institution. Gender is the state of being a male or female. GPA is a grade point average. Sleep disorders is a changes in sleeping patterns. Sleep hygiene is a pattern of good sleeping in which can be disturbed.

Gaultney, J. F. (2010, September/October). The Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in College Students: Impact on Academic Performance. Journal of American College Health, 59(2), 91-97. doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.483708 

Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students

This article reviews the prevalence of sleepiness and sleep deprivation among college students, the impact of sleep on memory, the contributing factors for sleep deprivation, potential consequences on those college students including accessible interventions to improve sleep among college students. As a typical college student I can testify that daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation, and irregular sleep schedules are highly common among college student. Although, I know the consequences, “sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness are especially problematic to college students and can result in lower grade point averages, increased risk of academic failure, compromised learning, impaired mood, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents” (Hershner & Chervin, 2014). Among college-aged students, one of the most common causes of daytime sleepiness is sleep deprivation, i.e., students get inadequate sleep because they go to bed late and wake up early. Sleep deprivation is not the only cause of sleepiness as college students are not immune to sleep disorders, which may also cause sleepiness. Throughout the observations and finding it was determine how to best educate students about the importance of sleep and the consequences of sleep deprivation, but also how to translate this knowledge into practice by new approaches to promote good sleep and sleep habits in which needs to be shared and passed through others in school (Hershner & Chervin, 2014).

Keywords definition; Grade point average is a GP. Sleep deprivation is when you do not have enough rest per day and you continuously repeat that pattern of not getting enough sleep making your body tired. Academic performance is performed by students in school daily such as homework and partaking in class. Adolescence is puberty stage transition from a child to an adult. Sleep education programs is programs to encourage those to better get the rest they need daily.

Hershner, S., & Chervin, R. (2014, June 23). Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students. Nature and Science of Sleep, 6, 73-84. doi:10.2147/nss.s62907