group synthesis

Title and Authors

Study type

Population of interest

Conclusion

Early neonatal mortality and risk factors: a case-control study in Paraná State

Migoto MT, Oliveira RP, Silva AMR, Freire MHS

Retrospective quantitative, epidemiological, case control approach

The population of interest are all early neonatal infants from birth to 6 days old in Paraná State, Brazil.

The risk factors for women that point to an early

neonatal death includes: maternal age, mothers who studied until the age of seven, women with no partners, women who have had previous

Miscarriages, women who went to 6 compared to 7 or more prenatal visits. The risk factors for neonatal include: “male, low birth weight, preterm

infants, with Apgar asphyxia in the fifth minute of life, and those with congenital

Anomaly

Racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum care and contraception in California’s Medicaid program

Bocanegra, H. T., Braughton, M., Bradsberry, M., Howell, M., Logan, J., & Schwarz, E. B.

Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study

All pregnant women age 15-44 who had a live birth or cesarean birth that received postpartum or contraceptive care through Medical, a state funded health insurance or family PACT. All women that had a live birth or cesarean delivery between November 6, 2011 and November 5, 2012. All women who resided in primary care shortage area during respective dates.

Significant racial/ ethnic disparities among low- income Californian

mothers’ likelihood of attending postpartum visits and receiving postpartum

contraception as well as receiving highly effective contraception.

Black/White disparities in pregnant women in the United States: An examination of risk factors associated with Black/White racial identity

Clay, S. L., Griffin, M., & Averhart, W

Retrospective

Pregnant Black and White women

Black pregnant women continue to have a significantly poor birth outcomes compared to white women due to the risk factors such as marital status, education, and prenatal care.

Increased risk of premature death following teenage abortion and childbirth- a longitudinal study

Jalanko, E., Leppalahti, S., Heikinheimo, O., & Gissler, M.

Retrospective, Longitudinal, because teenagers were studied from the termination of their pregnancy (abortion or child birth) for twenty-five years.

The population of interest in this study is teenage mothers nineteen years of age and under, in this population they included both pregnancies from child birth and abortion.

Women with a history of teenage childbirth had a significantly lower educational level at the end of follow-up compared with women whose teenage pregnancy ended in induced abortion. Women who had experienced teenage childbirth before age 18 more often lived in an urban area than women with teenage induced abortion. However, the residential area did not differ significantly between these groups if pregnancy had started at the age of 18–19 years. Total mortality rates were consistently higher during the whole of the follow-up period among women with a prior teenage pregnancy compared with controls (Jalanko, et al. p. 847).

Religion, Poverty, and Politics: Their Impact on Women’s

Reproductive Health Outcomes

Kimball, R., & Wissner, M.

Retrospective

The population of interest in this study is women of reproductive age living in the United states.

Womens reproductive health outcomes are related to social determinants of health (SDH) which include state-level voting preferences, socioeconomic indicators: child poverty and GINI (income inequality), and religiosity scores

Reclassifying causes of obstetric death in Mexico: a repeated cross-sectional study

Hogan, M. C., Saavedra-Avendano, B., Darney, B. G., Torres-Palacios, L. M., Rhenals-Osorio, A. L., Vázquez Sierra, B. L., … Lozano, R.

Retrospective; Repeated cross-sectional study reviewing pre-existing autopsy and medical records from BRIMM

The population of interest in this study is the all deaths in women of reproductive ages (10-54 years)

After the review the researchers recoded 1214 (13.4%) to maternal deaths. There was an increase in maternal death from 192 to 628 a 4.8% increase. There was also an increase of 6.8% and 11.4% in indirect and direct related deaths, respectively (Hogan, et al. p. 363).

Despite an Overall Decline in U.S. Infant Mortality Rates, the Black/White Disparity Persists: Recent Trends and Future Projections

Loggins, S., & Andrade, F. C.

Retrospective

Pregnant black and White women

The disparity between black and white pregnant women regarding low birth rates is concluded to be primary influenced by institutionalized racism despite the various other risk factors measured.

Disparities in Access to Easy-to-Use Services for Children with Special Health Care Needs Myra Rosen-Reynoso Michelle V. Porche Ngai Kwan Christina Bethell Veronica Thomas Julie Robertson Eva Hawes Susan Foley Judith Palfrey

Cross Sectional Study

All parents/guardians of all children below 18 years with

special health care needs. All parents/guardians of all children below 18 years who met criteria for the National Survey of Children with special Healthcare needs for, ease of use

78% of uninsured families indicated that they had difficulties or delays due to cost. Lack of information was more often reported for CSHCN who were: male, non-white, reported and/or Functional limitations, children of parents with lower than high school education, lowest poverty level, not living in two-parent family, without medical homes, and uninsured or received public insurance.