Annotated Bibliography

RaiQuan Gray

SYO4461

Professor Rohlinger

06 March 2020

Annotated Bibliography

Social media has taken over the world and with that, come new territories that users are still exploring.  In athletics, social media has a large influence everywhere from marketing to athlete's performance.  The topic of how social media effects athletes is a newer research field, since social media is new but there has already been research completed in the field to evaluate the psychological impacts of social media on athletes.  The influence social media can have on an athlete’s career is important to understand because it can make a big difference in the life of an athlete, regardless of their athletic abilities.  This paper will focus on social media and how it directly and indirectly effects the athlete. 

Academy, U.S. Sports. “The Impact of Social Media in Sports.” The Sport Digest, 27 Nov. 2018,

thesportdigest.com/2018/11/the-impact-of-social-media-in-sports/.

This article contributes many ideas on the impact that social media has in sports. It discusses how our mobile phones and online platforms changes how we view today’s world of sports, and even how engage in these sports. This article not only talks about the positive effects like reaching a bigger platform and informing fans on sport updates. But it also talks about the negativity it can bring in like the spreading of negative information that can happen very quickly, as well as hate comments that can cause a toll in a player’s performance overall. This can be used in the paper to talk about the positive and negative effects less in depth but gets straight to the point.

Austin, Ashley. “The Honest Truth Of Social Media And Sports.” The Odyssey Online, The

Odyssey Online, 15 Oct. 2019, www.theodysseyonline.com/honest-truth-social-media-

sports.

In this article we are shown another point of view on the good and bad of social media sports. In this article we are shown how social media can be used for fans to be informed on plays and scores when they are not able to watch a game if they are busy. With just one touch of a button on your phone you are instantly shown every detail of a game as if you were watching it. You can even watch a game life through many different forms of social media on a live stream. The negativity side to this article that is different from the first is that the down sides is how a player can portray themselves on a social media platform. People can even show comments that a player may have said to make them look bad without showing the full context behind the words that were said. I can also use this article to show and demonstrate a different side to the negative and positive effects that social media might have.

SCHOLARLY: Ballouli, K. (n.d.). It’s a Whole New Ballgame: How Social Media is Changing

Sports, 1st edition. Sport Management Review, 15(3), 381–382.

https://doiorg.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/10.1016/j.smr.2012.02.008

This article provides a great overview of how social media can be used by athletes and fans. It details their ability to correspond via various outlets. The article also discusses how social media has shifted athlete’s ability to portray themselves and defend any allegations from various journalism outlets. This article is not particularly lengthy or in-depth so I believe it will be used mainly to set the scene and provide background information about social media.

Daren, Sarah. “The Pros and Cons of Athletes Using Social Media, Coach's Clipboard Basketball

Coaching.” Coach's Clipboard Basketball Coaching, Coach's Clipboard, 23 Mar. 2018,

www.coachesclipboard.net/athletes-and-social-media.html.

In this article the author hits on a very different point that social media has impacted athletes on. Social media has portrayed and even made athletes into some type of celebrities to their fans and all around the world. Sarah hits on totally different pros and cons that social media might have. Social media is started at an early beginning of one’s athletic career and is said to be used to build up one’s brand to even self-promote to get known by fans around the world. This article also talks about how athletes use these platforms to communicate and interact with their fans from all over. This article also talks about the cons and how an athlete’s views on certain topics can be taken negatively by fans when shared on public platforms like social media. One last interesting topic talked about in the article is how many athletes have no training on how to use these social platforms or how to react to certain hate, which can affect their overall athletic career. I can use this article to talk about how it can be important to train athletes to use social media, as well as talk about the different pros and cons listed in the article.

SCHOLARLY: David, J. L., Powless, M. D., Hyman, J. E., Purnell, D. M., Steinfeldt, J. A., &

Fisher, S. (2018). College Student Athletes and Social Media: The Psychological Impacts

of Twitter Use. International Journal of Sport Communication, 11(2), 163–186. \

Retrieved from

http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3&sid=acefd8

5b-1274-4952-bd13-b672eb6df41a%40sessionmgr101

This article reviews how social media, Twitter in particular, provides positives and negatives to collegiate athletes. This article will provide insight into how feedback from the public via Twitter effects the student-athletes. The study found that there is a significant influence on the athletes but that influence is positive and negative. The athletes who participated in the study were from a variety of sports and their athletic achievements are varied as well. One of the short comings of the study is that the athletes who participated were not as elite as a professional athlete, the highest twitter following from a participant was 869, which could be considered minimal when looking at elite athletes and their follower numbers.

Gutbrod, Elyssa. “The Pros and Cons of Athletes Being Connected to Fans on Twitter.” Bleacher

Report, Bleacher Report, 3 Oct. 2017, bleacherreport.com/articles/1216751-the-pros-and-

cons-of-athletes-being-connected-to-fans-on-twitter.

This article talks about how athletes use a certain platform to more closely interact and be viewed by fans more. This platform is known as twitter. This platform shows fans and others how these athletes communicate with family, friends, and even fans. This article talks about how twitter can even humanize these players and allows fans to see them on a different closer level. This article talks about how athletes can pass on important information more quickly than the press could. The article talks about the negative effects it can have when an athlete shares an opinion or belief that fans might not agree upon that can cause many different problems in their popularity as a player, and even how they are perceived as a person. I can use this article to explain the many positive effects twitter might have on a player’s reputation. As well as the negative effect on a player expressing certain opinions on such a popular platform.

SCHOLARLY: Hambrick, M. E., Simmons, J. M., Greenhalgh, G. P., & Greenwell, T. C.

(2010). Understanding Professional Athletes’ Use of Twitter: A Content Analysis of

Athlete Tweets. International Journal of Sport Communication, 3(4), 454–471. Retrieved

from

http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=5781

3343&site=eds-live&scope=site.

This article reviews how professional athletes utilize Twitter, a social media platform. It studies how the athletes use Twitter and what they communicate through their Twitter accounts. This article will be helpful to understand how athletes view Twitter and use to their benefit or detriment but will not provide information on how the usage effects their psychological well-being or their performance. The literature review of the article provides good background information on social media which will be helpful. Another downfall of the article is its age, it is ten years old and in the world of technology, many things have advanced since the publication.

SCHOLARLY: Hopkins, et al. “Being Social: Why the NCAA Has Forced Universities to

Monitor Student-Athletes' Social Media.” SSRN, 31 May 2013,

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2272635.

In this article we are shown how some universities are forced to monitor and watch their student athletes’ social medias. The article states this act to monitor is so athletes are watched and made sure they do not violate any type of rule or policy that may be set. This tactic is used to protect an athlete, and their career. As talked in one of my sources on how athletes are not trained to use social media. This article hits on topics that can resolve the issues that come with athletes not being trained on using social media, so their careers and persona cannot be affected negatively in the long run. I can use this article to talk about the positive effects that monitoring athletes social media might have, so that an athlete can be careful to not jeopardize their college career and even future professional career.

SCHOLARLY: Penrose, M. (2013). Outspoken: social media and the modern college athlete.

The John Marshall Review of Intellectual Property Law, 3, 509-546. Retrieved from

https://heinonlineorg.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/HOL/Page?lname=Penrose&public=false&collect

ion=journals&handle=hein.journals/johnmars12&men_hide=false&men_tab=toc&kind=&page=509

This article takes a much harsher look at social media and athletes. The article reviews legal implications, how social media and the First Amendment are intertwined and the legal rights of college athletes when utilizing social media platforms. This article will provide a very in-depth look at the negative pieces of social media. This article will be best used when looking at the negative side effects social media can have on an athlete and their off-field appearance which can potentially lead to unemployment or decreasing salaries.

SCHOLARLY: Sanderson, Jimmy. Its a Whole New Ballgame: How Social Media Is Changing

Sports. Hampton Press, 2011.

This article talks about how social media has been changing sports for the better. Whether its sport updates to live broadcasting, social media has made it easier to connect with sports and even athletes. This article talks about how athletes use different platforms to communicate and inform fans on sport updates and even their own lives. It also talks about how fans can even engage in athletes progress and athletic news and catch up on games or latest plays. I can use this article for a lot of different topics in my paper because it is a very long article, but it also talks about all of the important details social media has in the sports world, and on athlete’s.

SCHOLARLY: Wang, Yuan, and Shuhua Zhou. “How Do Sports Organizations Use Social

Media to Build Relationships? A Content Analysis of NBA Clubs’ Twitter

Use.” International Journal of Sport Communication, vol. 8, no. 2, 2015, pp. 133–148., doi:10.1123/ijsc.2014-0083.

This article talks about how social media is used to establish and build relationships with fans and the public. This article informs us on how social media is a worldwide platform that can be used to get messages, sport updates, information, and even sport/athletic promotions. This article focuses more on the upside of social media and how it can strengthen many relationships personally for athletes, and even with their fans. I can use this article to discuss a different point of view on how it effects an athlete’s relationships and how social media can be used to build relationships up, and possibly even down.

Zilles, Christian. “How Social Media Is Changing The Sports Marketing

Industry.” Social Media HQ, 14 Oct. 2019, socialmediahq.com/how-social-media-is-

changing-the-sports-marketing-industry/.

This article talks about the importance that social media can affect sports marketing which can have a positive effect on an athlete’s career. The article talks about how social media can be used to promote certain sports brans and athletes, which can overall gain them more fans and popularity. Another way it is used to change the sports marketing is by using the platform to further engage and interact with fans. I can use this article to talk about the overall standing social media and sports marketing might have on an athlete’s fame, and how it can be used to perceive them in a more positive manner.