Social learning model DUE TODAY!

Cognitive Theory (Cont’d)

Self-Efficacy – Perception or judgment of a person’s capability to carry out a course of action that will lead to an outcome.

Two components of self-efficacy

1) Outcome expectations – A person’s estimate that a particular outcome will occur if they take a course of action. A course of action will lead to an outcome. If I study I will get a good grade.

2) Efficacy expectations – A person’s belief or doubt that he/she can carry out the necessary course of action to obtain the anticipated outcome. It’s the belief or doubt that one can do it.

Why is this important in addiction???

People have to have self-efficacy when it comes to getting control of their addiction and believe they can overcome their addiction.

We need to teach our clients about the importance of self-efficacy and we need to assess where clients are in terms of their self-efficacy.

Clients who are low in self-efficacy need to have their self-efficacy worked on. Raised.

We learned in psychoanalytic theory that we can improve self-efficacy by:

Performance accomplishments

Vicarious learning

Coaching/verbal persuasion

Controlling negative emotions/emotional arousal

Other ways we can improve self-efficacy is by addressing issues of competence and mastery. This enhances one’s motivation!!!

5 Types of Self-Efficacy -

1) Resistance Self-Efficacy- Judgment about one’s ability to avoid the initial use of a substance. Prevention programs should focus on developing resistance self-efficacy!

2) Harm Reduction Self-Efficacy – Perceptions of one’s ability to avoid harm following initial use of a substance. Using less; Teaching harm reduction practices; not driving an automobile;

3) Action Self-Efficacy – One’s perceived ability to achieve abstinence or controlled use.

4) Coping Self-Efficacy – One’s perceived ability to cope with relapse crises. Efficacy expectations are extremely important in relapse prevention and developing relapse prevention plans.

5) Recovery Self-Efficacy – Judgments about one’s ability to return to recovery following lapses and relapses. Lapses turn into relapses because the person has low recovery self-efficacy.

This has a lot to do with something call the abstinence violation effect . Intense shame, guilt, and self-blame for sabotaging or violating their own recovery efforts.

Protracted process of recovery aka protracted state of recovery

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Create longer and longer periods of abstinence.

Stress Dampening Response Model –

People turn to alcohol or drugs to dampen their stress.

Lessen, extinguish,

Teach people other ways to dampen their stress other than drinking or drugging.