Sun Coast Remediation Research Project PowerPoint

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Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Introduction 5 Statement of the Problems 5 Particulate Matter (PM) 5 Safety Training Effectiveness 6 Sound-Level Exposure 6 New Employee Training 6 Lead Exposure 7 Return on Investment 7 Literature Review 7 Particulate Matter (PM) Article 8 Safety Training Effectiveness Article 8 Sound-Level Exposure Article 8 New Employee Training Article 8 Lead Exposure Article 9 Return on Investment Article 9 Research Objectives 9 Research Questions and Hypotheses 10 Research Methodology, Design, and Methods 11 Research Methodology 12 Research Design 12 Research Methods 12 Data Collection Methods 12 Sampling Design 13 Data Analysis Procedures 13 Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing 15 Correlation: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing 15 Simple Regression: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing 18 Multiple Regression: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing 20 Independent Samples t-Test: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing 22 Dependent Samples (Paired-Samples) t-Test: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing 26 ANOVA: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing 29 Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing 33 Correlation: Hypothesis Testing 33 Simple Regression: Hypothesis Testing 34 Multiple Regression: Hypothesis Testing 35 Independent Samples t-Test: Hypothesis Testing 36 The Excel Tool Pak output is shown in Table 1: 37 Dependent Samples (Paired Samples) t-Test: Hypothesis Testing 37 Table 2: Paired two samples for means 38 ANOVA: Hypothesis Testing 38 Table 3: ANOVA Result 39 Findings 40 Recommendations 41 References 43

Business executives are primarily concerned about the strategies to adopt to increase business transactions. Therefore, they screen various aspects to determine the critical areas that require to be solved using the business research method. The senior leaders at Sun Coast want to see the projects conducted to completion.

The paper comprises of sections such as collection of data, generating statements of problems, literature review, research objectives, research questions and hypothesis, methodology, design and methods, data analysis, finding and recommendation.

Sun Coast Remediation Course Project

Senior leadership at Sun Coast has identified several areas for concern that they believe could be solved using business research methods. The previous director was mandated to research to help provide information to make decisions about these issues. Although data was collected, the project was never completed. Senior leadership is interested in seeing the project through to fruition. The following is the completion of that project. It includes the statement of the problems, literature review, research objectives, research questions and hypotheses, research methodology, design and methods, data analysis, findings, and recommendations. 

Six business problems were identified:

There is a concern that job-site particle pollution is adversely impacting employee health. Although respirators are required in specific environments, PM varies depending on the project and job site. PM that is between 10 and 2.5 microns can float in the air for minutes to hours (e.g., asbestos, mold spores, pollen, cement dust, fly ash), while PM that is less than 2.5 microns can float in the air for hours to weeks (e.g., bacteria, viruses, oil smoke, smog, soot). Due to the smaller PM size that is less than 2.5 microns, it is potentially more harmful than PM that is between 10 and 2.5 since the conditions are more suitable for inhalation. PM that is less than 2.5 can be inhaled into the deeper regions of the lungs, potentially causing more harmful health effects. It would be helpful to understand if there is a relationship between PM size and employee health. PM air quality data have been collected from 103 job sites, which were recorded in microns. Data are also available for average annual sick days per employee per job site. 

Health and safety training is conducted for each new contract that is awarded to Sun Coast. Data for training expenditures and lost-time hours were collected from 223 contracts. It would be valuable to know if training has successfully reduced lost-time hours and, if so, how to predict lost-time hours from training expenditures.

Sun Coast’s contracts generally involve work in noisy environments due to various heavy equipment being used for both remediation and the clients’ ongoing operations on the job sites. Standard earplugs are adequate to protect employee hearing if the decibel levels are less than 120 decibels (dB). More advanced and expensive hearing protection is required for environments with noise levels exceeding 120 dB, such as earmuffs. Historical data have been collected from 1,503 contracts for several variables that contribute to excessive dB levels. It would be essential if these data could be used to predict the dB levels of work environments before placing employees on-site for future contracts. It would help the safety department plan for the procurement of appropriate ear protection for employees. 

All new Sun Coast employees participate in general health and safety training. The training program was revamped and implemented six months ago. Upon completion of the training programs, the employees are tested on their knowledge. Test data are available for Group A employees who participated in the prior training program and Group B employees who participated in the revised training program. It is necessary to know if the revised training program is more effective than the prior training program. 

Employees working on job sites to remediate lead must be monitored. Lead levels in the blood are measured as micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (μg/dL). A baseline blood test is taken pre-exposure and post-exposure after the remediation. Data are available for 49 employees who recently concluded a 2-year lead remediation project. It is necessary to determine if blood lead levels have increased. 

Sun Coast offers four service lines to their customers, including air monitoring, soil remediation, water reclamation, and health and safety training. Sun Coast would like to know if each line of service offers the same return on investment. Return on investment data is available for air monitoring, soil remediation, water reclamation, and health and safety training projects. If the return on investment is not the same for all service lines, it would be helpful to know where differences exist. 

Senior leadership at sun coast has identified several concerns that they believe could be solved using business research methods. The previous director was tasked with researching to help provide information to make decisions about these issues. Although data were collected, the project was never completed. Senior leadership is interested in seeing the project through to fruition. The following is the completion of that project. It includes the statement of the problems, literature review, research objective, research questions and hypotheses, research methodology, design and methods, data analysis, findings, and recommendations. 

According to the peer-reviewed article, PM causes respiratory issues, lung cancer cases, and other pulmonary diseases and asthma. The report states that more and more evidence shows proof of exposure to the particulate matter in the workplace, the more likely employees are to develop cancer or respiratory issues in the long run. 

Safety training is practical and essential for a company because all employees need to know how to respond in case of an emergency or the proper use of equipment to avoid workplace injuries. According to the article titled "Training Engagement theory: A Multilevel Perspective on the Effectiveness of Work-related training, "employees who complete training in organizations receive in return on their investment, and organizational performance increases due to the activity. " Traci (2018)

To help with the sound exposure on the job site, they used "the results of audiometric tests were interpreted according to the standard classification of hearing loss." Aliabadi, Fereidan & Tajik (2015)

New employee training article suggests that it is essential that businesses train their employees on proper safety and the use of PPE such as personal protective equipment such as earplugs, safety goggles, lockout/Tagout, ladders, how to wipe up spills safely, and other helpful training techniques that will prevent serious injuries. Group A went through the initial training, and then group B went through the revamped version of the new updated training material. "A significant number of these accidents occur due to workers' choices that directly affect their safety. Elliot (2020)

"heparinized blood samples were obtained by venipunctures from 72 workers involved in car repairing at car garages, lead acid battery recycling, etc. and 32 healthy controls having no history of the lead exposure." Environmental Science & Pollution Research (2019)

We have identified all six of the research methods such as particulate matter, sound level exposure, new employee training, safety training, lead exposure, and return on investment variables to running sun coast. The six research questions, research objectives, and hypothesis determine how to fix the issues at the Sun Coast. The aim that is listed along with the hypothesis scenarios can help identify potential threats to Sun Coast. 

RO1: Determine how PM affects employee's heath at Sun Coast 

RO2: We should determine if safety training was indeed practical for staff

RO3: Determine if Sun Coast received a return of investment for the services offered to customers. 

RO4: We should next determine how much lead exposure employees are contaminated with

RO5: Determine how sound level exposure affects employees' hearing.

RO6: Determine how practical new hire training is working

RQ1: PM particulate Matter in the article BMC Health Particulate matter "causes respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and results in 800000 premature deaths per year worldwide." (BMC public health, 2021)

H01: there has to be an analysis done to verify these results

HA1: there is indeed a connection to upper respiratory issues linked to PM in the workplace. 

RQ2: There is no relationship between the safety training is effective. 

H02: Group A essentially took the training first 

HA2: group B took a revised training six months after group A

RQ3: Health & safety training, water, soil, new hire training for customers. 

H0 3. There is no statistically significant relationship between frequency, angle in degrees, chord length, velocity, displacement, and decibel level.

HA 3. There is a statistically significant relationship between frequency, degree angle, chord length, velocity, displacement, and decibel level.

RQ4: A blood test was taken to see if employees were indeed exposed to lead, and if so, how much. 

H04: It is recommended by the CDC that all employers have a well-ventilated work area. "Use proper engineering controls to ensure the work area is well ventilated." (CDC.2021)

HA4: use blood level testing for workers

RQ5: We will determine the overall effectiveness of headphones or earplugs that you put inside your ear/soundproof windows and walls. 

H05: Split employees into two groups. Group A test earplugs and over-the-ear headphones. 

HA5: Have employees in group B work in the soundproof room with soundproof windows only. 

RQ6: compare and contract old new onboarding with the new current one.

H06: get feedback from new hires in group A and old training manuals.

HA6: Have an assessment at the end of each training module with group B to see how the revamped training materials are better than group A. 

The research design method used in Unit II would be explanatory research. The reason it is exploratory research is that we had to use an investigative approach to fix Sun Coast problems that were presented, such as; 

· Safety training

· The lead exposure 

· Particulate matter

· Sound level exposure

· ROI

· New employee training

 All of these problems listed above are issues that took case studies that involved qualitative research methods to determine how to make the necessary improvements for the work environment to be safe for employees.

We used an exploratory type of research for Sun coast because we used an interview method and case study method for the sound level exposure. We also used the safety training method for former employees. We conducted case studies to see how the new and improved training material was more beneficial than the past training sessions. 

Survey method and observation were the two methods used. An example of this would be the survey method for new hire training. We also used observation training by conducting a test environment such as giving some employees headphones to limit noise level or using group B in a second proof room only without headphones. 

Example: RO5: Determining how sound level exposure affects employees' hearing. 

RQ5: We will determine the overall effectiveness of headphones or earplugs that you put inside your ear/soundproof windows and walls.

H05: Split employees into two groups. Group A test earplugs and over-the-ear headphones. 

HA5: Have employees in group B work in the soundproof room with soundproof windows only. 

The sampling design that we chose to use for Sun Coast employees would be the convenience sample. According to the study guide, a convenience sample is defined as a non-probability sample. This sample design is the one we used because the employees we picked to ask for surveys were random; we didn't base it on anything in particular. We this sample design in our ROI survey questioning. An example of this would be;

H03: Further research shows no evidence of ROI for water, soil remediation, health, and training,

HA3: some research suggests that Sun Coast customers did receive ROI.

Correlation in this particular case would be the example of:

H03: Further research shows no evidence of ROI for water, soil remediation, health, and training,

HA3: some research suggests that Sun Coast customers did receive ROI. During this test, there was a null hypothesis that stated no relationship exists between the variables listed for the return on the investment for customers for water, soil remediation, and health and training. 

An example of regression would be the example I gave in unit II about particulate matter. 

RO1: Determine how PM affects employee's heath at Sun Coast 

RQ1: PM particulate Matter in the article BMC Health Particulate matter "causes respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and results in 800000 premature deaths per year worldwide." (BMC public health, 2021)

H01: there has to be an analysis done to verify these results

HA1: there is indeed a connection to upper respiratory issues linked to PM in the workplace. 

 The t-test sample would be 

RO6: Determine how practical new hire training is working.

RQ6: compare and contract old new onboarding with the new current one.

H06: get feedback from new hires in group A and old training manuals.

HA6: Have an assessment at the end of each training module with group B to see how the revamped training materials are better than group A. 

ANOVA: the example of the analysis (analysis of variance) 

RO4: We should next determine how much lead exposure employees are contaminated with

RQ4: A blood test was taken to see if employees were indeed exposed to lead, and if so, how much. 

H04: It is recommended by the CDC that all employers have well-ventilated work area. "use proper engineering controls to ensure the work area is well ventilated." (CDC.2021)

HA4: use blood level testing for workers

Qualitative research is the best for sun Coast. It offers more of a mixed research method for use. Qualitative research is the best because it provides interview questions, case study methods, observing, forming a hypothesis, and open-ended survey questions compared to quantitative analysis. 

The histogram and descriptive statistics command in the data analysis tool pack in MS-Excel/two of the easiest ways to evaluate whether or not a variable follows a normal distribution are to analyze its descriptive statistics and its histogram. 

Normal distributions show: 

The distribution is unimodal or can reflect a unimodal pattern; there is only one group or bin showing the maximum frequency. 

The mean, median, and mode of the data obtained from the descriptive statistics are similar.

The data do not present a significant skewness; their distribution around the mean value is somewhat symmetrical.

The data show a bell-shaped curve representing the histogram, where most of the data are around the mean value; the frequency decreases as the difference between the data and means increases.

Frequency distribution table mean annual sick days per employee

Histogram

Descriptive statistics

Measurement scale – the job site is a qualitative variable using a nominal scale of measurement.

Measures of central tendency- The values calculated for the mean values for and mean annual sick days per employee were 5.66 and 7.13. these values are similar to the median values (6 and 7).

Skewness and Kurtosis- the skewness and kurtosis data shows and are within the allowable limit for mean annual sick days per employee. It can be determined that they are within acceptable ranges for both.

Evaluation- In the correlations data worksheet is a quantitative variable using the interval level of measurement. The variable does not follow a normal distribution. The calculated model is considerably higher than the mean and median values as reported on the descriptive statistics. So the most frequent micron is 8 when the mean and median values are 5.6 and 6. Also, the histogram does not resemble a bell-shaped curve but rather a bimodal distribution with the models located at 8 and 5. The variable would not meet the requirements for parametric testing.

The variable mean annual sick days per employee included in the correlations data worksheet is a quantitative variable that uses the interval level of measurement. This variable follows a normal distribution. It shows that the calculated mean, median, and mode are reasonably similar in the descriptive statistics. The skewness of data also indicates that the skewness of the data is non-significant. The histogram shown resembles a bell-shaped curve where most of the data is concentrated around the mean value. This variable would meet the requirements for parametric testing.

Histogram

Measurement scale- The lost time hour's variables are quantitative variables using a scalar level of measurement. The contract # variable is a qualitative variable using a nominal level of measurement.

The measure of central tendency- there is a significant difference between the median and the mean. There are also similarities between the median, mean, and mode of the lost hours.

Skewness and Kurtosis- skewness data show that it is at one and harmful for lost time hours. Also, the Kurtosis shows that it is at 0 for training expenditure and negative lost time hours. Because both fall within and acceptable data limits, then they are within acceptable ranges.

Evaluation – Included in the simple regression data worksheet is a quantitative variable using the interval level of measurement. This variable does not follow a normal distribution as per the above criteria. The calculated mean, median, and mode are considerably different, as reported in the descriptive statistics. Also, the skewness data indicates a positive skewness of data. Also, the histogram does not resemble a bell-shaped curve, considering how the data are not symmetric but highly skewed towards the values below the computed mean safety training expenditure.

The variable lost time hours included in the simple regression data worksheet is a quantitative variable using the interval level of measurement. While there are some irregularities, probably due to the low number of data considered, this variable follows a normal distribution as per the above criteria. The calculated mean, median, and mode are reasonably similar, as reported in the descriptive statistics. This variable would meet the requirements for parametric testing.

Frequency distribution table

Frequency table for decibels

Histogram

Measurement scale- Included in the multiple regression data worksheet are discrete quantitative variables using the interval level of measurement. These variables have been set experimentally as they represent the independent variables of the model. All three data variables come from a standard distribution variable. The chord length, displacement, and decibels are all continuous quantitative variables.

The measure of central tendency- The mean and median are similar in the chord length and decibels variables. However, they are different in the displacement variable.

Skewness and Kurtosis- the skewness and Kurtosis data shows a positive and falls out of the acceptable range. The data in the decibel variable is also skewed and out of the normal range for skewness. It can be determined that skewness is not in the acceptable range while Kurtosis is in the acceptable range.

Evaluation- The variable included in the multiple regression data worksheet are quantitative variables using the interval level of measurement. These variables do not follow a normal distribution per the above criteria. In this sense, the calculated mean, median, and mode are significantly different from those reported on the descriptive statistics. The skewness data of the displacement variable indicates a significant positive skewness, confirmed through the analysis of the shape of ye respective histogram. The histograms also do not show a bell-shaped curve to these variables would not meet the requirements established for parametric testing.

The variable decibel included in the multiple regression data worksheet is a quantitative variable using the interval level of measurement. The data distribution is relatively skewed (skewness=-0.419) and has a higher abundance of loud noise as shown in the histogram curve; this variable seems to follow a normal distribution as per the above criteria. In this case, the calculated mean, median, and mode are reasonably similar, as reported in the descriptive statistics. This variable would thus meet the requirements established for parametric testing.

Frequency distribution table

Frequency Table for group A

Frequency table for group B

Histogram

Descriptive statistics table

Measurement scale- The data reported for both groups A and B in the worksheet independent t testy data are quantitative variables using an interval level of measurement.

The measure of central tendency- The calculated mean, median, and mode values are very similar within the respective variables.

Skewness and Kurtosis- The data for skewness and Kurtosis fall into an acceptable range for groups A and B.

Dependent Samples (Paired-Samples) t-Test: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Descriptive statistics

Measurement scale- The data reported for both the pre-exposure and post-exposure groups in the worksheet paired t-test data are quantitative variables using an interval level of measurement.

A measure of central tendency – The mean value is slightly lower than the median of the two variables.

Skewness and Kurtosis- While the data variables for pre-exposure are within the acceptable range, the post-exposure variable shows a negative range for skewness and Kurtosis.

Evaluation- The data reported for both the pre-exposure and post-exposure groups in the worksheet paired t-test data are quantitative variables using an interval level of measurement and follow a normal distribution. The calculated mean, median, and modes of the two variables are similar to each other. These variables show a slight negative skewness as per the data reported. The histograms confirm these findings. The variables would meet the requirements established for parametric testing even if it were desirable to increase the sample size or perform the tests on the median values instead of the mean values to account for the observed skewness.

Histogram

Descriptive statistics

Measurement scale- The four variables (air, soil, water, and training) in the worksheet "ANOVA one-way data" are quantitative variables using an interval level of measurement.

The measure of central tendency- The mean, median, and mode are similar in all four variables.

Skewness and Kurtosis- The data shows a slight skewness, and Kurtosis in the water data variable falls out of acceptable ranges.

Evaluation- The four variables (air, soil, water, and training) in the worksheet "ANOVA one-way data" are quantitative variables using interval merriment and follow a normal distribution. The calculated mean, median, and modes of the four variables are similar to each other. Also, histograms have these findings. These variables would meet the requirements established for parametric testing.

The paper used the data from the Sun Coast Remediation to conduct an independent sample t-test, dependent samples (paired samples) test, and ANOVA using the independent samples tab and the ANOVA tab in the Sun Coast dataset. The methods used will enhance understanding of the hypothesis through its evaluation of the p value relationship.

H01: There is a statistically significant relationship between the microns (size of particulate matter) and employees' health.

HA1: There is no statistically significant relationship between the microns (size of particulate matter) and the employees' health.

The correlation analysis shows a negative correlation between the mean of sick days per employee with the job site. However, we cannot tell how significant this relationship is just using the correlation analysis in excel only. So to get more insight on the effect of microns on the number of sick days per employee, a regression analysis (Multi R) is needed.

Ho2: there is no statistically significant evidence linking safety training and reduction in lost time hours.

Ha2: there is statistically significant evidence linking safety training and reduction in lost time hours.

From the correlation coefficients, there is evidence that lost time hours are negatively affected by safety training with a coefficient of -6.1573944. The R square of 0.8822 indicates a solid significant relationship between the two variables at 88.22%. The results indicate a p-value of 7.6586E-105<0.05 (AKOSSOU, 2013). So the null hypothesis (Ho2) is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha2) is accepted that there is a statistically significant relationship between safety training expenditure and lost time hours. The following can forecast the lost time hours

Y=a+bx lost tome hours= 273.4+ (-0.143) (safety training expenditure).

H03: Further research shows no evidence of ROI for water, soil remediation, health, and training,

HA3: some research suggests that Sun Coast customers did receive ROI.

The Pearson correlation has a strong correlation with the decibel level. This equates to an r2 of 0.36, which indicates that 36 percent of the variability in decibel level is explained by frequency, velocity, and displacement. Using an alpha of 0.05, only frequency, velocity, and displacement coefficient, the results indicate a p-value of 4.0652E-104, 1.02398E-45, respectively <0.05. So, the null hypothesis (Ho3) is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha3) is accepted that there is a statistically significant relationship between frequency, velocity and displacement, and decibel level. NOVA significant F=2.1289 E-143< 0.05 would indicate that the null hypothesis should be rejected, and the alternative accepted a significant relationship between the regression model and the dependent variable. The following linear formula can forecast the decibel level.

Y=a+b1X+b2X2+…+bnXn

The null and alternative hypotheses are:

Ho: there is no statistically significant difference in mean values for the prior training scores of group A and revised training scores of Group B.

Ha: There is a statistically significant difference in mean values for the prior training scores of group A and revised training scores of Group B.

Table 1: Two- samples assuming unequal variables with 84.7742 and 69.7903. However, from the results, the p value of 1.93983E-15 <0.5. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected, and there is no difference in mean values for the prior training scores of group A and revised training scores of Group B. This is due to the lack of relationship between Group A and Group B mean values.

The null and alternative hypotheses are:

Ho: The mean difference of the employees' pre-Exposure and post-exposure values is not statistically different from 0.

Ha: The mean difference of the employees' pre-exposure and post-exposure values is statistically significantly different from 0.

The Excel output is presented in Table 2.

From the data output, the t-test value of 2.01063>0.05. Also, the p-value of 0.059552714>0.5. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted that the mean difference of the pre-exposure and post-exposure values of the employees is statistically different from 0. The alternative hypothesis will be rejected. According to Colas, Sigmund & Cuddyer (2018), failure to reject the null hypothesis occurs when there is no difference in the confidence interval of the data output.

The null and alternative hypotheses are stated as follows:

Ho: all groups have the same mean of the project return on investment.

Ha: At least one group has a mean return on investment that is statistically significant from the means of the other groups.

The Excel output is shown in Table 3.

The results indicate a p-value of approximately 0< 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected. The alternative hypothesis is accepted: at least one group has a mean return on investment that is statistically significant from the means of the other groups.

In conclusion, hypothesis testing is essential in any scientific research analysis. The methods used to analyze data from the t-test and ANOVA enhance rejection of failure to reject the null hypothesis. From the results above, the null hypothesis has been rejected when using independent samples t-test but accepted on dependent samples of t-test. The use of the ANOVA test has rejected the null hypothesis but instead accepted the alternative hypothesis. Therefore, researchers need to use scientific data to enhance their knowledge when testing for the null hypothesis.

RO1: Determine how PM affects employee's heath at Sun Coast

The results of the statistical Testing showed that a person's PM is related to their employee health. It is a relatively strong and positive relationship between Particulate matter and health. We would, therefore, expect to see in our population high levels of particulate matter people having a greater risk of poor health.

RO2: We should determine if safety training was indeed practical for staff

The statistical Testing showed that safety training was indeed practical for the staff. The employees should be trained to reduce any work-related injuries and safety precautions in the workplace.

RO3: Determine if Sun Coast received a return of investment for the services offered to customers

The statistical Testing illustrates that the Sun Coast had a significant mean from the other groups on investment; hence the firms received a return on investment.

RO4: We should next determine how much lead exposure employees are contaminated with lead

The statistics testing showed low levels of lead exposure to the staff. Although there are no recommended levels of zinc exposure, the low levels illustrate that the organization has achieved it.

RO5: Determine how sound level exposure affects employees' hearing.

The sound level exposure may affect the employee's hearing and hence impact productivity. Organizations need to control the employee exposure to the sound levels. If they cannot control noise from outside, they need to provide employees with hearing devices to limit the excess noise pollution.

RO6: Determine how practical new hire training is working

The statistics significantly illustrate that new hire training is based on how the employees effectively settle within the organizations and carry out their daily activities.

Particulate Matter Recommendation

The US exposure rates to delicate matter such as fine PM2 can be considered safe via the US environmental protection agency's national ambient air quality standards. However, an individual has to breathe a limit of up to a limit of 12 micrograms per cubic meter of air (ug/m3).

Safety Training Effectiveness Recommendation

It is essential to carry out safety training since the employees must have technical knowledge on handling equipment in the workplace and avoid injuries.

Sound-Level Exposure Recommendation

There recommended NIOSH exposure limit for occupational notices is 85 decibels. It is recommended to utilize hearing protection in the event the hazardous noise levels are not adequately reduced.

New Employee Training Recommendation

A business must train the new staff on proper safety and PPE use, including protective equipment like earplugs, safety goggles, and lockout. Ladders and to safely wipe up any spills and other helpful training techniques to reduce instances of injuries.

Lead Exposure Recommendation.

It is crucial to understand that there is no safe blood level of lead, but a five mcg/dl can be used to illustrate unsafe levels for children, and hence the blood levels need to be tested periodically.

Return on Investment Recommendation

Investors must expect some realistic type of return for their investment. A good return on investment is considered about 7% per annum.

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Elliott, K. S. (2020). Influencing Workplace Safety through Educational Training. The Midwest Quarterly, 61(3), 360-369.

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Stege, T.A.M., Bolte, J.F.B., Claassen, L. et al. Development and usability of educational material about workplace particulate matter exposure. BMC Public Health 21, 198 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10197-x