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Parent Training

Shaping Effective Communication Skills Article

Communication is a vital tool in any society and the ability to make everything run smoothly depends on the kind of communication framework that has been put in place. In this article, the study done by Grover, 2005) on effective communication skills and the relationship that exists between communication and therapeutic work. The author emphasizes on the significance that communication plays in ensuring that nurses have an easy time in discharging their duties.

The author`s objective in this article is to highlight some of the key components of communication. The article focuses on what takes place for the effective communication that’s required at the occupational health employees, professionals in different settings, and the employers. The primary objective of the author in this article is to provide an exploration of the key components of effective communication and the therapeutic relationships that exist in the working environment.

The author has highlighted some of the key components of communication in working place. These are such as, listening ability in which an individual is expected to listen keenly without interrupting, asking of questions both open-ended and closed-ended questions, giving clarifications whenever the need arises, use of paraphrasing to make passage of information easier and effective, use of facilitators, understanding and assessing the use of nonverbal and understanding when to remain silent during a conversation. The author believes that these are crucial components that must be adhered to for effective communication to take place at the working place.

Besides that, (Grover, 2005) also identifies some variables that affect effective communication to take place among employees, employers, and professionals. These are such as issues of trust in which some mistrust might make some employees not to be used in passing some information, hierarchy is also another factor that makes a variation in the communication, context in which communication is taking place and the empathy that one might have over the issue of discussion. These are factors that are likely to affect the efficiency in communication.

Finally, the author acknowledges that even though an organization and people can put in place effective and key components of communication there are also instances when conflicts might arise. Therefore, the author calls for the ability to understand each other, means of communication, and the ability to put into practice to make it easier for communication to be effectively done. Therefore, this makes it important that leaders understand effective means of communication in which he/she can solve the conflict and take disciplinary action.

I agree with the study done by (Grover, 2005) in which he has highlighted some of the essential components of communication that also create the relationship required in a working environment. Employees, employers, and the therapeutic professions must have the key components of communication that would always ensure that there is effective communication between the parties. Failure to have a communication plan and schedule would only result in making the situation worse. For instance, it times of dealing with conflicts, determining the disease that a patient suffers from it’s only the use of effective communication skills that would result in achieving the desired goals. Therefore, I believe that (Grover, 2005) has captured some of the essential tools in communication that should always be adhering to by the professionals.

Parent Training Interventions Article

(Beaudoin, Sébire & Couture, 2019) in their article, Parent training interventions for toddlers with autism spectrum disorder they address one of the major challenges that parents dealing with their children that have been born with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is a disorder that’s characterized by having poor social interaction and communication difficulties for the children that have been diagnosed with this disease. Therefore, communication and interaction being a challenge between parents and their children it becomes difficult to even help such children. However, these researchers set out to train the parents in effective ways in which they can communicate with their loved ones. The main aim of these researchers is to provide an appropriate alternative for communication and socialization between parents and their ASD children in the process of developing the children's socio-communicative skills that are essential in their life.

Besides that, it’s important to note that the research is driven mainly by two objectives. These are; the use of parents’ interventional methods to create a communication channel between parents and their children aged below three years suffering from ASD condition. Secondly, the research also aimed to establish the impacts that the use of these parent intervention methods have on the social interaction and communication between parents and the ASD children, the well-being of the children, development in communication and interaction, and overall parent-children interaction despite the children condition.

To achieve their objectives, (Beaudoin, Sébire & Couture, 2019) used a systematic search method in which they identified parents and their children below three years of age who are also diagnosed or suspected to be suffering from ASD condition. The parents were then trained on the effective ways of ASD-specific techniques of interacting with their toddlers. The studies were repeated 15 times with a total number of approximately 480 children aged below three years being used in the study.

The article goes further to indicate that the results were impressive, as most of the parents were able to initiate the trained techniques in their interactions with their children. However, the results showed that there were no effective concluding results on the relation between the wellbeing of the children, their socio-communicative skills development, and the overall parent-child interaction as expected.

In this regard, considering the conclusion made from the results obtained from the research and the objectives of the study the researchers did not achieve their objectives. This was very vital research in the quest by researchers to develop an ASD-specific technique that could be used in improving the overall social life of the ASD children in society while also improving the well-being of the parents. However, because of various factors, the research was not effective enough and the researchers did not achieve the goals that they targeted.

The authors of this article have also a general perception of the fact that there are no already established means of interaction that exists between ASC children and their parents and those close to them. The authors worked on the research with the perception that these children have difficulty interacting and communicating with people. As a result, their research started from scratch, in which they could have inquired from parents on the most effective ways that they have often used to communicate with their beloved children.

I agree with these researchers that there is a need to improve the interaction between parent-child among children affected by ASD, there is a need to initiate appropriate measure that will make these children have a normal social life. However, I disagree with the way they conducted their research on the matter. They could have at least tried to determine the already existing measures of communication that parents use to communicate with their children. It’s from the data obtained from this research that they could have used to improve the relationship between parents and their children, parent-child interaction, and overall wellbeing of the parents in dealing with their children`s disorder.

Parents` Perception of Autism Article

Autism remains one of the most understudied diseases in the world. Public awareness about the condition is limited making it difficult for effective decision making when the need arises. In this case, the study was done by Quilendrino et al. (2015) in their article of Parents’ perceptions of autism and their health-seeking behaviors provides a clear image of the trends of behaviors about the awareness of the disease. These researchers researched to determine the relationship that exists between the perceptions that parents have over autism disease in children and how they respond to the treatment methods initiated, there is also the consideration of the myths that parents have always had over the disease.

Therefore, these researchers set out to conduct this research on the perceptions that parents have over this condition and the treatment measures that have been put in place. The main objective of their study was to describe the parental perceptions on autism condition and the pattern in health-seeking behaviors for the condition among the Filipino parents in an urban setting with the study targeting children of age ranging between 2 years old to 6 years children.

The article addresses one of the most controversial issues that have been ignored over the years. The public is misinformed on the issue of autism in society, as a result, to conduct the majority of the data about the diseases and the perceptions that parents have over the disease, these authors used various methods of research to get as much data as possible. For instance, the study was done in a cross-sectional manner through various phases. The first phase of data collection was done through the collection of qualitative data in which key informant interviews were done and followed with a collection of data from small groups of parents. In the second phase of data collection, there was the formation of a questionnaire which was distributed to 41 parents that had their children suffering from autism, the parents that were targeted in this research were those that have children aged between 2 to 6 years.

The results obtained by these researchers in this article show varying a trend. Parents had various beliefs and understanding of autism disease. However, with recent advances, inaccessibility of information parents was beginning to understand the disease and they acknowledged that at least there was no relation between the disease and family sins, lineage, and curses. The results also show that the most common agreement made by most of the parents was a qualitative impairment in social interaction by children suffering from autism. This at least shows that the research was somehow successful in making parents understand the disease and how it affects their children.

The authors summed up their research by agreeing that at least there is a growing understanding of the disease by the parents and the needs of the children. The myths and earlier beliefs that parents had over the disease are gradually challenging but there is still some misunderstanding about the disease. However, the observable trend on the behaviors of the patients and parents has provided a clear picture of the perceptions that parents have always had over the disease and how the trend has changed over the years.

I agree with the research that has been conducted by (Quilendrino et al. 2015). Autism is one of the diseases that the general public has little knowledge about it. Over the years there has been a lot of misinformation about the disease. The recent studies and easy accessibility to information have been the major turnaround about the misinformation on the disease people have been become informed at least there is gradually an understanding of the disease in minors. I also acknowledge the methods of research that were used in this research to ensure that there is an effective collection of data that provides a clear picture of what’s taking place in society.

Training Parents to Manage ASD Children Article

Children affected with autism spectrum disorder usually face a rough time in interacting and communicating with other people in society. The study done by (Ingersoll& Dvortcsak, 2006) shows that there is a need for the training to be offered to the parents by the teachers so that they can have an easy understanding of how to relate and communicate with their children. The social life aspect is one of the vital aspects of any individual and missing such aspects in one`s life is likely to cause severe challenges later in life. Therefore, these researchers conducted their research with the emphasis on the need to train parents on how to communicate and have a perfect parent-child interaction.

The author thus advocates for the use of various methods to train parents on how they can interact and communicate with their children. One of the most effective ways of training parents is the naturalistic interventional methods in which young children suffering from autism are taught the language of communication, use of gestures and some essential ways in which they can always pass information thus making it effective in the interaction between parents and children suffering from autism disorder. The study by (Ingersoll& Dvortcsak, 2006) also shows that the use of the naturalistic approach comes with various benefits for the suffering children and their parents. The method allows easier communication to take place with the peer interactions being made possible, improved play skills among these children. The method also leads to improved generalization, maintenance, and use of skills as compared to most of the structured learning skills.

Besides that, there is also the use of the developmental, social pragmatic approaches to train the parents on the way to develop their child's socio-communicative skills. The DSA methods are usually not as productive as it’s the case for the naturalistic approach. The method has traits such as following the interests of the child, the environment is set in a way that’s possible to encourage the young ones to learn, the communicative attempts all that are used in communication are usually responded as meaningful reasons of communication and finally, the language used is simple to make the child learn.

The article also highlights instances when the methods of training might be combined to ensure that the learning of the child is made efficient. The author advocates for the trainers to use all possible means to ensure that there is effective learning by the parents so that there can be improved interaction between parent-child, the parents can be well and satisfied with the development of their young ones especially those suffering from autism spectrum disorder.

The training program that the authors' advocate involves the use of two phases. The phase is the personal and individual training in which the parent has to self-train on the best ways in which he/she communicates with their loved one. The second program entails the use of teachers, the professionals to train parents so that they can always understand the most appropriate ways in which they can relate with their children and improve the interaction and socio-communicative skills that these children highly require.

I believe that the authors of this article have captured some of the essential tools required in the management of autism disorder in society. The authors have provided various approaches of training parents that if put into practice have proven essential in improving parent-child interaction, communication with the peers, and overall socio-communicative skills of the ASD children in the community. Therefore, I believe that this is an essential source that can be used in any research due to the effective approaches that have been used in the study.

References

Beaudoin, A. J., Sébire, G., & Couture, M. (2014). Parent training interventions for toddlers with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research and Treatment, 2014, 1-15. DOI:10.1155/2014/839890

Grover, S. M. (2005). Shaping effective communication skills and therapeutic relationships at work: The foundation of collaboration. AAOHN Journal, 53(4), 177-182. DOI:10.1177/216507990505300408

Ingersoll, B., & Dvortcsak, A. (2006). Including parent training in the early childhood special education curriculum for children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 8(2), 79-87. DOI:10.1177/10983007060080020601

Quilendrino, M. I., Castor, M. A., Mendoza, N. R., Vea, J. R., & Castillo-Carandang, N. T. (2015). Parents’ perceptions of autism and their health-seeking behaviors. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 3, S10-S15. DOI:10.1016/j.cegh.2015.11.003