Psychology

Maria Castro

StudyingCreativityintheLaboratory2020forpostingtoD2Lupdated.ppt

Home >Psychology homework help >Psychology

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

I. Dijkersterhuis & Meurs (2006)

Class demonstrations

New names for pasta.

Things one can do with a brick.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Pasta Study

Randomly

assigned

to 1 of 3

groups

Immediate

Conscious

Thought

Unconscious

Thought

Pasta

Names

Think about

names.

Distractor

Task

Pasta

Names

Pasta

Names

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Converging = ends in ‘i’.

Diverging = does not end in ‘i’.

UT more non-i

words than CT.

UT fewer ‘i’

words than CT.

Results: New Names for Pasta Study

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Brick Study

Randomly

assigned

to 1 of 3

groups

Immediate

Conscious

Thought

Unconscious

Thought

Brick

Uses

Think about

names.

Distractor

Task

Brick

Uses

Brick

Uses

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Results: Brick Study

Number of Ideas:

No differences

Creativity:

UT > CT, Immediate

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Conscious thought,

and memory search during

conscious thought,

is focused and convergent.

Unconscious thought is more divergent.

Unconscious thought increases the probability of

generating creative and unusual ideas.

Significance:

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

II. Zhong, Dijksterhuis, & Galinsky (2008)

Unconscious thought can facilitate discovering remote, but not local solutions.

These associations do not necessarily enter into consciousness.

The may emerge later or be lost.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Best Suited for:

Conscious thought better at linear, analytic decisions.

Unconscious thought may be especially effective at solving complex problems.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

III. Bowden & Beeman (1998)

Brain Hemispheres and Creative Solutions

A. Method

RAT problems

If unsolved, present correct or unrelated word to

a) Right Hemisphere (RH) or

b) Left Hemisphere (LH).

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

B. Results

Shorter response latencies for correct words presented to RH.

I.e., correct response was available (in RH),

but below conscious awareness.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

IV. REM Sleep and Creativity (Cai et al., 2009)

A. Basic Method

9:00 a.m.: presented difficult RAT items.

e.g., Heart Sixteen Cookies

a.m.: complete analogies

½ have correct RAT solution

e.g., CHIPS: SALTY:: CANDY:S____

p.m.: rest or sleep (NREM, REM)

5:00 p.m.: RAT items.

This is called

“priming” the

correct answer.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

B. Only REM sleep improved solutions after priming.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

V. Mind Wandering and Creative Ideas (Gable, Hopper, & Schooler, 2019).

A. Introduction

How frequent are creative ideas during mind wandering?

Are they different from those generated while on task?

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

A. Method

72 physicists

113 professional writers

Each night: Most meaningful idea of the day.

6 months later: Rate those ideas.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

C. Results

80% of ideas came while on task

20% while mind wandering

Solution to Impasse: mind wandering > on-task.

Importance: on-task = mind wandering.

“Aha” moments: mind wandering > on-task

Importance of “Aha” moments:

mind wandering > on-task

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Results

In both samples 80%-81% of ideas came while “on-task” and 19%-20% occurred while mind wandering.

Solutions to problems in which participants were at an impasse were more likely to occur during mind wandering (26% vs. 14% and 20% vs. 9%).

Ideas generated during mind wandering were rated equally important to those generated while on-task.

Ideas generated during mind wandering were more likely to reported as “aha” moments

Ideas experienced as “aha” moments rated as more creative and important.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Results from Notes View

In both samples 80%-81% of ideas came while “on-task” and 19%-20% occurred while mind wandering.
Solutions to problems in which participants were at an impasse were more likely to occur during mind wandering (26% vs. 14% and 20% vs. 9%).
Ideas generated during mind wandering were rated equally important to those generated while on-task.
Ideas generated during mind wandering were more likely to reported as “aha” moments
Ideas experienced as “aha” moments rated as more creative and important.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

In terms of preparing for the exam,

Have a clear idea of how much the data on ideas skews/leans toward on task.

Make a point to remember the one area in which mind wandering and on task did not differ.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

VI. Latent Inhibition correlates with creativity.

(Carson et al., 2003)

A. Introduction

Latent Inhibition (LI)

varying capacity of the brain

to screen from attentional focus

stimuli previously experienced as irrelevant.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

In most cases, high LI is beneficial. Think of your ability screen out distractions while driving, speaking with a friend, or driving.

In humans, low LI has been associated with

susceptibility to actual acute-phase schizophrenia

personality trait Openness to Experience

Openness has been related to divergent thinking and trait creativity and with creative achievement.

If low LI is a predisposing factor to both psychosis and creativity, what distinguishes the two? Whereas low IQ generally functions as an unfavorable moderating variable for psychosis, high IQ may moderate the expression of a predisposition to psychosis in the highly creative individual.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

In most cases, high LI is beneficial.
Think of your ability screen out distractions while driving, speaking with a friend, texting in a crowded restaurant.
Low LI has been associated with
susceptibility to actual acute-phase schizophrenia
personality trait Openness to Experience

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Openness has been related to divergent thinking and trait creativity and with creative achievement.
If low LI is a predisposing factor to both psychosis and creativity, what distinguishes the two?
Whereas low IQ generally functions as an unfavorable moderating variable for psychosis,
Perhaps high IQ helps people with low LI harness it for creativity.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

B. Method

Divide group of Harvard undergrads into

High or Low LI

High or Moderate IQ

Measure creative achievement (e.g., publish a poem, exhibit a work of art, scientific presentation or publication)

C. Results

Low LI/High IQ group demonstrated highest

creative achievement scores.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Study 1:

Study 2: IQ M = 124.6 (SD = 11)

Combined: High IQ M = 128.6, SD = 8.3.

Low IQ M = 118.3, SD = 11.9

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

VII. Living Abroad and Personality Factors

(Maddux & Galinsky, 2009)

A. Study #1: MBA students completed the Duncker Candle Task

Duncker Candle Task: Given the materials below how can you attach the candle to the wall above the table so that the wax does not drip on the table?

The solution is on the next page.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Duncker Candle Task: Given the materials below how can you attach the candle to the wall above the table so that the wax does not drip on the table?

Solution:

Empty out the nails.

Attach box to wall with nail.

Place candle in box.

Light candle.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Duncker Candle Task Solution:

Empty out the nails.
Attach box to wall with nail.
Place candle in box.
Light candle.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

B. Results: Time spent living abroad was a significant predictor of solving the problem.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

Duncker Candle Task: Given the materials below how can you attach the candle to the wall above the table so that the wax does not drip on the table?

Solution:

Empty out the nails.

Attach box to wall with nail.

Place candle in box.

Light candle.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020

B. Study #2: Creative Negotiation Task

Factors related to creative solution

Agreeableness (strongest, - correlation)

The more Agreeable the person, the less likely to come up with a creative solution.

Openness to Experience (moderate, + correlation)

The more Open to Experience a person was, the more likely they were to come up with a creative solution.

Conscientiousness (moderate, - correlation)

The more Conscientious a person was, the less likely they were to come up with a creative solution.

Time Lived Abroad (weak, + correlation)

The more time lived abroad, the more likely the person was to come up with a creative solution.

Studying Creativity in the Laboratory 2020