Literature Review
calcine
StudyGuideonReligiousIssuesSorroundingDeath1.docx[Insert Students Name] 5
[Student’s Name]
[Professor’s Name]
[Course name + Code]
[Date]
Study Guide on Religious Issues Surrounding Death
Ethical issues and Decisions Regarding End of Death
Death can occur through natural death, active and passive euthanasia, voluntary, involuntary and un-voluntary euthanasia and physician assisted death (Kubbler-Ross, 7:683).
· Active euthanasia involves the medical professionals deliberately causing death.
· Passive euthanasia is a situation where the medics fail to do some of activities that are required to maintain the patient’s life.
· Voluntary euthanasia refers to the practice of ending life in a painless manner.
· Involuntary euthanasia occurs when euthanasia is done on a person who would rather provide informed consent but does not because they don’t want to die or they are not asked.
· Non-voluntary euthanasia is hen euthanasia is conducted without explicit consent of the individual.
· Physician assisted death is suicide committed with the assistance of another person.
Principles of medics
· Veracity – refers to the act of telling the truth to the patient.
· Faithfulness- refers to the act of keeping promises.
· Non-maleficence- refers to performing acts that does not harm the patient.
· Beneficence- refers to performing acts that benefits the patient.
· Justice- refers to the act of being fair to other individuals.
Funerals and Body Dispositions
· Commemorating the diseased- Refers to remembering the death through special actions for example ceremonies.
· Disposing the body- Refers to the practice and process of dealing with human remains.
· Re-orienting the bereaved and community- refers to aiding those who have suffered the loss to come to terms and accept the loss.
· Deathwatch- refers to a vigil kept beside the dead.
· Prepare the body- refers to the act of making the body ready for burial.
· Viewing- refers to the time when the family and friends come to see the death after preparing the funeral.
· Funeral process- Is a ceremony connected with burial or cremation.
· The average cost of funeral in US is between $7000 and $10000.
Suicide and Horrendous Death
· Suicide refers to the act of taking one’s own life voluntarily and intentionally.
· Horrendous death refers to a horrific death that is always difficult to explain.
There are four types of suicide i.e. altruistic, anomic, egoistic and fatalistic suicide.
· Egoistic suicide is where a person is alone and subsequently see themselves alone within the world.
· Altruistic suicide refers to that suicide as a result of high social involvement or when there are high social expectations for example in the case of a suicide bomber.
· Anomic suicide refers to suicide carried out during periods of stress and frustration with minimal regulation.
· Fatalistic suicide refers to suicide as a result of tight regulation where one loses sense of self.
Bereavement, Grief and Mourning.
· Bereavement refers to period of mourning after a loss i.e. death of a loved one.
· Mourning refers to expression of deep sorrow for someone who has died typically involving following such conventions as wearing black clothes.
· Grief refers to deep sorrow caused by someone’s death.
· Physical manifestation of grief refers to crying, sobbing, wailing and exhaustion.
· Mental manifestations refers to denial, hallucinations, inability to concentrate and confusion or Emotional manifestation of grief refers to sadness, anger and depression.
· Religious manifestation of grief refers to bargaining with God and feeling angry with God or Behavioral manifestation of grief refers to withdrawal and alienation.
In grieving process; one recognizes the loss, react, re-collect, re-linguish, re-adjust and re-inventing emotionally.
· Recognize the loss refers to accepting that the loss has occurred with evidence.
· Reacting refers to expressing feelings following death of a loved one.
· Re-collecting refers to bringing into mind the dead.
· Readjusting refers to setting up the mind again after a loss has occurred.
· Relinquishing refers to giving up the grieving voluntarily.
· Reinventing emotionally refers to positively embracing the change that has occurred.
During mourning;
· One accepts the loss has occurred by recognizing that a loved one has died.
· Work through the grieving process by going through the process of grieving described by Kubbler-Ross.
· Adjusting to the hanged environment and emotionally relocating to the loss by beginning to perform normal activities despite the absence of the dead.
· Factors that may complicate the grieving process refers to those factors that may cause prolonged grieving in a family or a community for example sudden death of a child, prolonged death, unfinished businesses of the death, lack of social resources poor mental health (Kubbler-Ross, 7:702-718).
Beyond Death
Different religious groups have different views on what goes on after death according to Kubbler-Ross (724-729).
· The Jews belief in immortality of the soul, the second world and resurrection of the dead.
· Greeks belief that death is not the end of life by rather a journey to afterlife.
· Hindus and Buddhist belief that one’s status in afterlife is a reward of punishment for their conduct during life.
· Christian’s belief that after death, Jesus will descend and raise the death and judge them according to their deeds while they were still alive (Kubbler-Ross, 1969).
Works Cited
