Anthropology help wanted
Asahad
StudyGuide.docxANTH 101 GUIDE
PURPOSE: To demonstrate that you understand the basic concepts presented in class, in discussions, in the readings, and in supplementary materials (films).
FORMAT: FOUR (4) short answer questions. Each response should no more than 500 words and preferably should be closer to 250-300 words. Each question will be worth a total of 13 marks each.
MUST use course terminology and key figure names in your responses to get full marks – this is where the tables below become useful. It isn’t about using all of the terms in all of the questions but ensuring you are using appropriate terminology when possible.
You MUST also cite the sources you used and you should be providing references for ALL responses. You will get ONE (1) mark for providing two (2) correctly formatted references for each question at the end of each responses, you will get ONE (1) mark for correct in-text citations of those sources, and then ONE (1) mark for the correctness and appropriateness of those citations.
Please reference where you get the answer from. Just tell me what video and the time you got the answer from. thanks.
I also have access to lecture notes, just ask me.
COVERAGE:
· Lecture notes & videos for:
· Week 9 – Evolution, Genetics Human Biological Variation, & Race
· Week 10 – The Living Primates & Primate Evolution
· Week 11 – Human Evolution
· Assigned textbook
· Lavenda, R.H., Schultz, E.M., and C. Zutter. 2020. Anthropology: What does it mean to be human? (Second Canadian Edition), Oxford University Press.
· Be familiar with key figures (see list below). This means you should know who they are and what their research was about or what their argument about a course concept was (i.e., why we talked about them in class). Note: I do not provide this in the list below, just who you need to know (you need to figure out why they are important and be prepared to use their names in your responses).
· Be familiar with key terms and concepts (see list below). You should be able to provide a definition in your own words for each of these terms and USE these terms in your answers.
· Paraphrasing (writing things using your own words) is so important. It isn’t about getting the “best” definition or phrasing but rather about you using your words to tell me what you know. Remember when I assess your exam I am looking for understanding of and engagement with course materials – I am not grading your ability to look up the “correct” response.
REVIEW: Generic tips for writing:
· Please pay attention to the key words in the questions (e.g., list versus define versus describe versus compare and contrast versus summarize).
· I am not marking based on style, but your mark will depend on how effectively you convey what you know, so please try to write clearly and precisely. Do NOT write down everything you can think of for your short answer responses.
· As much as possible use whole sentences rather than point form. When people use whole sentences they tend to explain themselves much better, which makes it easier for me to see what they’re saying and give them a good mark.
· Think one mark per point you make. Avoid repetition – if you say the same thing twice but phrase it differently you will not receive more than one mark.
· I will correct spelling mistackes in your answers as I see them (within reason!) but will not be removing marks for spelling.
· ALL of your answers must be in YOUR OWN WORDS. This means that while you can brainstorm point-form answers to the questions in your study group, for example, you need to write up your own coherent response.
Evolution, Genetics, Human Biological Variation, & Race
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Key Terms |
Key People or Examples |
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Evolution Theory Essentialism Taxonomy Genus/genera Binomial nomenclature Inheritance of acquired characteristics Adaptation Variation Natural selection Fitness Reproductive success Pangenesis Genetics Gene Allele Mendelian inheritance Microevolution Macroevolution Cline Clinal variation Population Gene frequency Mutation Mating Gene flow Genetic drift “Five fingers of evolution” Selection Racial classification schemes Race Ethnic group/ethnicity Folk heredity Bergmann’s rule Allen’s rule Cultural adaptation Environmental stress Acclimatization Racism Burakumin Hypodescent |
Carolus Linnaeus Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Charles Darwin Alfred Russel Wallace Thomas Malthus Gregor Mendel Sickle-cell anaemia Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Ashley Montagu Deconstructing racial features (skin colour) Race in Japan, US, Brazil |
The Living Primates & Primate Evolution
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Key Terms |
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Primatology Primatologist Taxon Taxonomy Morphology Homology Homoplasy Olfaction Binocular or stereoscopic vision Prognathism Prehensile (hands, feet, tails) Rhinarium Tooth/dental comb Dental formula Ischial callosities Cheek pouches Sexual dimorphism Sacculated/chambered stomachs Infant parking WE Le Gros Clark The “Trimates” – Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, Birute Galdikas Cranium Mandible Postcranial skeleton Anthropoid
ORDER: Primates SUBORDER: Strepsirhini (Strepsirrhines) INFRAORDER: Lemuriforms = lemur-like forms; lemurs, aye-ayes, indris INFRAORDER: Lorisiforms = loris-like forms; lorises, bushbabies SUBORDER: Haplorhini (Haplorhines) INFRAORDER: Tarsiiforms = tarsiers INFRAORDER: Platyrrhini (Platyrrhines a.k.a. New World Monkeys) SUPERFAMILY: Ceboidea (Ceboids) FAMILY: Callitrichidae (Callitrichids) = marmosets, tamarins FAMILY: Cebidae (Cebids) = capuchins, squirrel monkeys FAMILY: Pithecidae = Sakis FAMILY: Atelidae = howler and spider monkeys INFRAORDER: Catarrhini (Catarrhines a.k.a. Old World primates) SUPERFAMILY: Cercopithecoidea (Cercopithecoids) * lots of examples given in class, ones listed here are from text FAMILY: Cercopithecidae (Cercopithecids) SUBFAMILY: Colobinae (Colobines) = langurs SUBFAMILY: Cercopithecinae (Cercopithecines) = baboons, macaques SUPERFAMILY: Hominoidea (Hominoids a.k.a. Apes and Humans) FAMILY: Hylobatidae (Hylobates a.k.a. lesser apes) = gibbons, siamangs FAMLY: Pongidae (Pongids a.k.a. great apes) = orangutans, chimps, gorillas FAMILY: Hominidae TRIBE: Hominini (Hominins a.k.a. humans) |
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Eocene Oligocene Miocene (Early, Middle, Late)
Euprimates Adapoids Omomyoids Parapithecidae Propliopithecidae Proconsul Proto-apes Hominoids Kenyapithecus Gigantopithecus Sivapithecus Dryopithecus
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Human Evolution
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Key Terms |
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Pleistocene Hominin Mosaic evolution Key trends in hominin evolution Bipedalism Encephalization Locomotory patterns (vertical clinging and leaping, brachiation, quadrupedalism) Foramen magnum Pelvis Osteobiographies Dentition (incisors, canines, premolars, molars) Cranial capacity Brow ridges Nuchal crest Oldowan tradition Acheulean tradition Early Stone Age Middle Stone Age Mousterian tradition Later Stone Age Upper Palaeolithic culture
Early Hominins: Orrorin tugenensis Sahelanthropus tchadensis Ardipithecus ramidus Ar. kadabba
Gracile Australopithecines: Australopithecus anamensis Au. afarensis Au. africanus Au. bahrelghazali Au. garhi Au. sediba
Robust Australopithecines (Paranthropus): Au. aethiopicus Au. robustus Au. boisei
The Genus Homo Homo habilis H. rudolfensis H. erectus/ergaster H. georgicus
Premodern Humans H. antecessor H. floresiensis H. heidelbergensis H. neanderthalensis
Modern Humans H. sapiens
H. = Homo P. = Paranthropus Au. = Australopithecus Ar. = Ardipithecus
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Note the table below has WAY more hominins than you are responsible for but I wanted to provide you with a clear illustration of the spatial and temporal context for these hominins and capture the overlap between many species.
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Dates MYA* |
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AFRICA |
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EUROPE |
ASIA |
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North/West |
South |
East |
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0.5 – 0.03 |
H. sapiens H. naledi |
H. sapiens H. neanderthalensis |
H. sapiens H. floresiensis H. erectus |
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1.0 – 0.5 |
H. sapiens |
H. neanderthalensis Archaic H. sapiens (H. heidelbergensis/ H. antecessor) |
H. erectus Archaic H. sapiens |
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1.5 – 1.0 |
H. erectus/ergaster H. sapiens |
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H. erectus
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1.5 – 2.0 |
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P. robustus A. sediba Early Homo (H. habilis) |
P. boisei Early Homo (H. habilis/rudolfensis) Archaic H. sapiens H. erectus/ergaster |
H. georgicus
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H. erectus |
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2.0 – 2.5 |
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P. aethiopicus Early Homo (H. habilis/rudolfensis) |
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2.5 – 3.0 |
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Au. africanus |
Au. garhi |
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3.0 – 4.0 |
Au. barhelghazali |
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Au. anamensis Au. afarensis |
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4.0 – 5.0 |
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Au. anamensis Ar. ramidus |
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5.0 – 6.0 |
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Ar. kadabba Orrorin tugenensis |
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6.0 – 7.0 |
Sahelanthropus tchadensis |
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H. = Homo P. = Paranthropus Au. = Australopithecus Ar. = Ardipithecus
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