presentation for a project
Nobody
studentsexamplepresentation1.ppsxProposal to install terrace structures to reduce the affects of landslides in Codo, East Timor
Luke Ingham s113676 (Design and Researcher)
Lorraine Hook s263266 (Coordinator and Researcher)
Lorraine Slide - This is a presentation by Luke Ingham and Lorraine Hook; Luke is studying Bachelor of Engineering and I am in my first year of Bachelor of Humanitarian and Community Studies.
This proposal is our contribution to the EWB Challenge - Plan, Timor Leste
Luke and I have worked together over the last few weeks to refine a solution to assist the people of Codo, East Timor in alleviating the impact of land erosion. The proposal is to install terrace structures to reduce the affects of landslides in the region.
Our cooperation was based on regular email contact either via CDU or UCROO. Our presentation will outline our design, we will look at the location and terrain and consider how practical our proposed design is and does it work for the.
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Codo, East Timor
Via Yahoo Maps
Codo, East Timor
Lorraine Slide - Situated in the north east of Timor Leste Codo is within the sub district of Lautem. Much of the area is covered by hills and mountains which is indicative of the whole island with nearly half having a slope of up to 40% coupled with many rivers and streams and a tropical climate land erosion is a real issue.
Its turbulent past and poor farming practices have been sited in a Timorese Government report by the Ministry for Economy and Development as factors exacerbating land erosion.
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Risk!
The Assessment and Capacities Report – Landslide Hazard
Lorraine slide – compose comment around threats….
In a Assessment Capacities Project Report it is suggested that the area of Lautem is regularly subjected to natural hazards such as floods and landslides; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones .
It specifically pointed to issues such as the widespread use of slash and burn agricultural methods leading to deforestation and soil erosion.
Given this knowledge Luke and I felt a solution to mitigate soil erosion for this remote mountainous region was an appropriate one.
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Considerations
Sustainability and feasibility of our design
Cultural considerations
Environmental factors
Technical aspects
Investment – what will it cost
Image: Codo, East Timor – EWB.og.au
http://www.ewb.org.au/explore/initiatives/ewbchallenge/ptl
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Lorraine slide - to review week 6 again and draft notes. (this slide will be repeated before conclusion to show how we addressed these issues)
In developing our plan we were mindful of a number of essential criteria about how this concept would be accepted, would it work with the rhythm on the community, are we providing a practical design and would the benefits justify the investment?
With this design we would like to achieve locally sourced materials and use local labour – and to provide support and training to improve local capability and assist in promoting self reliance and create local ownership of the project. This design meets our environmental criteria by being a low impact by using locally sourced bamboo and we hope the notion of saving the land for farming meets cultural considerations of this farming community.
We acknowledge current skills may need to be enhanced and the risk of few training and support opportunities for rural is an issue. Also the real possibility that there is little spare time among a subsistence farmers day.
Ideally, when developing a design an element of community engagement would have occurred – the towns people would have been involved, the design would have been discussed, the prototype constructed, deconstucted and reconstructed with advice from the community – perhaps we would attend local gatherings or go house to house and see what more we could learn about meeting the needs of the community better.
I’ll will pass now to Luke who will provide an outline of the design, and development of the prototype.
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Examples of what has occurred
Damage by erosion
Image EWB.org.au
Luke Slide – Thanks Lorraine, I’m going to talk about erosion and the design which will hopefully help prevent degradation of the land around Codo. Erosion occurs during and after heavy rain when large amounts water is allowed to pick up speed down a surface that is not protected by vegetation.
Using the EWB design brief we came up with a list of design functions that we would like to achieve.
(I noticed other presentations had used imagines from the EWB website, im guessing this is fine as long as we reference it) – yes all good
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Design Functions
Stand up to monsoonal rains
Cost effective to install
Use locally sourced material and labour
Easy to maintain
Simple design – Simple application
Luke - Slide 6) Design Functions
Firstly, the design has to be practical for the environment. East Timor is subject to monsoonal rain every year and if it can’t stand up to the amount of water its going to get then it simply will not work, or will require far too much maintenance.
Also the cost to install these structures has to be minimal and effective, as it will make applying for funding easier.
Now if we can use community labour and keep the funding in the local economy it will make it easier to persuade the local people to want to help with the project and maintain it.
Due to the small size of Codo, labour is stretched so minimal man hours to maintain the erosion control structures would be ideal.
Finally, construction and maintenance will need to be taken on by the community, if the design of these structures is too complicated that will greatly increase the time it takes to teach and build them.
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Bamboo Terrace Design
Existing grade
Image: Luke Ingham
Luke Slide - This design works by removing the steep grade of a hill that would allow water to gain pace, this is achieved by putting in terraces which flatten out the earth. The water will still flow down the hill but at a slower speed, as it must work its way along flat and grassed ground.
(Click) The designs of each terrace will vary depending on the grade of the hill, (Click) steeper hills will need larger terraces closer to each other. This will require some training to help the people constructing it to make on-site calls about what the dimensions will be for each situation.
The idea behind this design is to use materials that are readily available in or near Codo. Using labour and materials locally sourced will keep money in the economy, creating business and employment opportunities. The simple construction design is easy to teach and is using bamboo which is already a traditional building material.
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Constructing in Codo, East Timor
Bamboo
Tools needed for this project
Shovels - $7.50US each
Wheel burrows - $45US each
Hand Saw - $8.00US each
Hammers - $6.00US each
Bamboo 100mm/6m length - $3US per length
1m high step will cost about $5.5US per lineal meter
Image: Bamboo
You had an image in our earlier report (blogspot) Mike didn’t like my referencing, but if we could find the right source we could insert it here as an example?
I have changed it to bamboo!
Happy to find another picture of the terraces or we could just get a picture of people working in Codo? Im not sure what he means by the image tho the original owner of the picture uploaded it onto a blog.
Here is a list of tools that will need to be acquired at minimum to precede construction. The actual cost will depend largely on the size of each construction and workforce size, as more workers will require more tools. The cost for the bamboo was taken from a supplier in an Indonesian village and an assumption was made it wouldn’t cost more than that price in East Timor, however our hope is to source the bamboo locally which will greatly reduce the cost. If Codo grows the bamboo for the project then once tools are bought the only ongoing cost will be labour.
Because of the basic design of the structures we are confident in being able to train the local work force to construct them. New transportation and handling methods of the bamboo will not need to be implemented as it is already used in the community.
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Gabion stone baskets
http://www.gabion1.com.au/woven%20gabions.jpg
Luke slide - Other methods of erosion control that are utilised in developed countries are gabion stone baskets and stone pitching. The reasoning behind selecting the bamboo terrace design is because both of the other designs require large quantities of stone to build, this can take a lot of time and be physically demanding. Another reason for erosion happening is the ground being un-stabilized by the removal of the rocks, just leaving lighter soil to be washed away. You may be fixing the erosion in one area, however just creating another problem where you remove the rocks. The rocks could also come from a quarry which is financially unsuitable for this project.
The baskets will also be required to be bought in from an outside supplier.
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Stone pitching
http://www.satoengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/23-455x300.jpg
With stone pitching large quantities of concrete is also needed so we decided to use a design where the materials can be cheaply sourced locally. The bamboo lengths can be grown on farms and Small bundles are light enough to be moved by hand.
Our design for bamboo terracing was chosen as it met our criteria of being culturally appropriate, environmentally and financially sustainable.
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Decision matrix
| Design Goal | Cost | Materials | ease of construction | Repairs Maintenance | |||||
| Weighting factors | 90 | 80 | 80 | 60 | Total | ||||
| Alternatives | Rating | Score | Rating | Score | Rating | Score | Rating | Score | |
| Gabion stone baskets | 2 | 180 | 3 | 240 | 3 | 240 | 8 | 480 | 1140 |
| Stone pitching | 2 | 180 | 2 | 160 | 4 | 320 | 9 | 540 | 1200 |
| Bamboo Terracing | 6 | 540 | 8 | 640 | 6 | 480 | 4 | 240 | 1900 |
Weighting factors
0 – 30 Optional
31 – 70 Important
71 – 100 Essential
(just make sure you are happy with my assumptions, according to week 7 (Decision Matrix), the rating is subjective, 10 being a good score and 1 not so I’ve assumed from your commentary that the two other methods, although effective are expensive, but pitching a little less.. If this is wrong just amend the above).
Luke – Using the decision matrix we compared the 2 methods more commonly used in developed countries, however using bamboo for terracing became a clear decision when weighing heavily in Cost and Materials. Using stone and concrete would be idea when it comes to repairs and maintenance.
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Building a prototype
Building a prototype allowed us to appreciate how the design would work in the field.
We learnt much more from constructing the model.
We learnt where it could fail.
Luke - animation showing the construction of your prototype – I will animate each picture in as you speak….(12 images, slowly overlay while you talk)
Based on the information provided on the EWB Website, 44% of Timor-Leste has a slope of around 40%, so when deciding to build a prototype we designed it with a 40% slope on it. However as spoken about earlier the design out in the field can vary depending on conditions.
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Building a prototype
Construction of the shell
Luke – Slide(s) TALK
Slides 13 – 18 - I will animate these to flow more quickly…. you link your audio to each slide so please do every second slide so I can animate two for each comment – does this work for you?
The box was constructed using timber and brackets and material found in the garden was used as fill. Bamboo skewers were used to replicate lengths of bamboo.
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Building a prototype
Soil and main support structures
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Building a prototype
Terracing in place
When building the prototype we noticed that when pushing the posts into the soil that if we hit a stone we would have to maneuver the post around to get it through and in one case had to move the post over a little. This may be a problem when constructing the terraces if there is rocky material at the surface or just below.
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Building a prototype
Example of terraced and landslide
Luke Slide
Don’t talk
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Building a prototype
Side view
After construction of our prototype we wanted to experiment tipping water down it to see how it flows, however because we had soft soil the water instead just soaked straight down into the earth causing it to just become muddy. When constructing the design the material will need to be slightly compacted after backfilling, this can happen just by walking on the material. You don’t want to compact the material mechanically because grass wont grow into it if the surface is hard. Once the grass and vegetation has taken hold it will stabilize the terraces.
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Re cap
Sustainability
Cultural
Environmental
Technical
Cost
Image: Colin Trainor, Terraced rice near Luro Village, Luro Subdistrict, Lautem, Timor Leste, http://www.panoramio.com/photo_explorer#view=photo&position=702&with_photo_id=80145958&order=date_desc&user=3662610
Lorraine slide
our decision to choose terracing with bamboo was also reinforced when we see that terracing to grow rice has already been adopted in the neighbouring village of Luro, about 10km from Codo. The concept of terracing is already accepted and an understanding of the benefits already realised.
In summary we were satisfied that the design of bamboo terracing using locally grown bamboo and labour, as opposed to importing supplies and employment met our sustainable and environment benchmarks, we felt are confident we have a strong and practical design and one that can simply repaired and maintained with appropriate training and tools.
However we concede grants or funding will be required to finance the scheme and although the Timorese Government has a number of plans to improve the lives, health, infrastructure and education of the people further research would be required to see what funding would be available.
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In closing …
Image: Machu Picchu via World Wondering
http://www.nevworldwonders.com/2013/10/preview-machu-picchu.html
In closing we would like to thank you for your attention and hope that our presentation has clearly outlined our proposal to find ways to further safeguard against land degradation for the people of Codo, East Timor.
Thank from Luke Ingham and myself, Lorraine Hook
And we leave you with one more image …. we were rather inspired by this image depicting terracing constructed by the Incas in Machu Picchu … it is not just a pretty picture… although it is, it reinforces terracing has been adopted in many societies as a way of harnessing impossible slopes.
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References
Credit
Luke Ingham
Design and Researcher
Lorraine Hook
Coordinator and Researcher
Reference
Yahoo Maps , Yahoo.com, viewed 2 February 2014, http://maps.yahoo.com/#/map/?lat=-8.646195681181906&lon=126.53091430664062&t=h&bb=-8.293034610795043%2C126.01249694824219%2C-8.999026053657786%2C127.04795837402344
The Assessment Capacities Project (ACAPS) 2012, viewed 2 February 2014, http://geo.acaps.org/docs/446
Engineers Without Boarders Institute, Plan - Timor Leste viewed 2 February 2014, http://www.ewb.org.au/explore/initiatives/ewbchallenge/ptl
Image EWB.org.au
Diagram: Luke Ingham
Bambook 4U, via Google Images, viewed 2 February 2014, http://www.bamboo4u.com/Bamboo%20Photos/Bambusa%20eutuldoides%20viridi-vittata/Bambusa%20eutuldoides%20viridi-vittata%20and%20Heron%207-26-09.jpg
Photo Colin Trainor, Terraced rice near Luro Village, Luro Subdistrict, Lautem, Timor Leste, via google maps, Pan ramio, viewed 2 February 2014, http://www.panoramio.com/photo_explorer#view=photo&position=702&with_photo_id=80145958&order=date_desc&user=3662610
Image: Machu Picchu via World Wondering, viewed 2 February 2014 http://www.nevworldwonders.com/2013/10/preview-machu-picchu.html
http://www.gabion1.com.au/woven%20gabions.jpg
http://www.satoengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/23-455x300.jpg
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