Application, Interpretation, and Presentation of Statistics

Professor Vaughn

May 28, 2019

Statistical Techniques Used in Research Studies

This paper will focus on graphical, hypothesis testing procedure, and regression approach statistical procedures for evaluation. In the study by Emani and Riu (2016), graphs offer powerful data evaluation tools which provide quick and visual summaries of key data characteristics in research. The hypothesis testing procedure was used in the study by Thorley and Marion (2016) in which the researchers test the retrieval strategy disruption. The hypothesis procedure helps determine the difference between two exclusive statements. The paper will also focus on the regression approaches which ware used in the study by Asumadu-Sarkodie and Owusu (2017).

The graphical method used flow charts to display systematic processes based on the results or validity of the previous results. Each flowchart is responsible for a given process in the study. Each process begins with an input which leads to its final output form. The hypothesis testing procedure was used in the research to determine the availability of enough statistical evidence which favors a given belief. The hypothesis testing procedure followed specific steps which provided clarity and helped the research remain focused on the research question. The study by (Asumadu-Sarkodie & Owusu, 2017) used the regression approaches, for example, the linear regression approach. This technique was used to analyze the model relationship between the research variables with the aim of producing a given outcome.

The research question by Emani and Riu (2016) is whether autophagy is related to diabetes mellitus and the complications which come with it. The research question by Thorley and Marion (2016) is on why the memory performance of collaborative teams is lower to the pooled performances of individual team members. The research question focuses on collaborative inhibition. The research question in the study by Asumadu-Sarkodie and Owusu (2017) is on the relationship between energy use and carbon dioxide emissions in Ghana.

The graphical method has each of the flow charts’ shapes represent a given action. The flow charts included the inputs and outputs at the beginning and at the end. The graphical method helped answer the research question through systematic debugging which helped in detecting and locating the links between autophagy and diabetes mellitus. The hypothesis testing procedure used meta-analysis tests which offered the veracity of the study through systematic examinations on the research question. The testing procedure supported several additional analyses to elucidate other cognitive mechanisms in the study. The study using the regression approach focused on the fit regression model because it helped describe the relationship between several predicators.

The flowchart statistical technique offered a better explanation of the research question’s findings. The technique also offered effective analysis because it showed the type of action required in each step of answering the research question. The flowchart also managed to break down the study problem into easily definable parts which offer a method of solving the complex problem being studied. The difficulty in making changes was the main weakness of using the bar graph graphical method in the study. The hypothesis testing procedure had its limitations, for example, there is no point the test explained reasons as to why some differences existed and the results were based on probabilities. The benefits of the linear regression technique are that it was easy to model and was useful because the relationship which has been modeled was not extremely complex. The technique was also very intuitive to interpret and understand because it was very sensitive to outliers.

Statistical tools are used to quantitatively analyze numeric data collected in the research. The data can be either be descriptively or inferentially analyzed. The use of flowcharts and other statistical techniques helped illustrate processes from beginning to end. The hypothesis testing procedure is useful because it allows researchers to quantify the probability that their sample mean is unusual. Through the hypothesis testing procedure, research had the opportunity to illustrate what they wanted to test. The hypothesis testing procedure helped the researchers focus and showed them the familiarity of the subject being studied.

References Asumadu-Sarkodie, S., & Owusu, P. A. (2017). Recent evidence of the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, energy use, GDP, and population in Ghana: A linear regression approach. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 12(6), 495-503. Emani, P., & Riu, F. (2016). Type-2 diabetes increases autophagy in the human heart through promotion of Beclin-1 mediated pathway. International journal of cardiology, 202, 13-20. Thorley, C., & Marion, S. B. (2016). A meta-analytic review of collaborative inhibition and postcollaborative memory: Testing the predictions of the retrieval strategy disruption hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 142(11), 1141.