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Statement of the Problem

The problem is that in the 2025–26 school year, the average class size at Meadowfield Elementary School was 24.1 students (SC School Report Cards, 2025). Data provided in the South Carolina School Report Card indicate the issue of the school climate and the learning environment, which could be correlated with the higher student-teacher ratios (Screportcards, 2024). Overcrowded classrooms may pose a challenge to teachers as they may find it difficult to offer personalized attention, control the behavior of the classroom and sustain a high rate of student engagement. Despite these concerns, few studies have been done on a school-specific basis to assess the exact effects of the class size on the academic performance and engagement of students (Antoniou et al., 2024). In the absence of this information, the school leaders find difficulty in implementing specific strategies to enhance the quality of instruction and student achievement.