Critical Thinking Concepts
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StagesSelf-Understanding2.pptxSTAGES OF DEVELOPMENT IN CRITICAL THINKING SELF MANAGEMENT PARTS OF THINKING
CHAPTERS 2, 3, 4
STAGES OF CRITICAL THINKING
STAGES of Critical Thinking
1. Unreflective thinker Features:
Make assumptions
Unaware of intellectual traits
Create illusions
Egocentric/Self-centered
Stereotype others
Prefer not to change the behavior as it’s comfortable.
2. Challenged thinker Features:
Individuals realize normal thinkers often think poorly move into the second stage
Aware about role thinking plays in their lives
Understand the basic elements of reasoning (concepts, assumptions, questions at issue, purpose, point of view, information, implications and consequences, etc.)
Apply standards for the assessment of thinking (clarity, accuracy, relevance, etc.)
But have only a superficial understanding of these concepts
STAGES OF CRITICAL THINKING
3. Beginning thinker Features:
Control their thinking process
Realize it’s common to experience difficulty in reasoning/problem solving - take deliberate measures to monitor and improve thinking.
Efforts are hit and miss.
Understand egocentric situations
Encourage critic of self thinking
Understand the role of self-monitoring, but sporadic at the same.
4. Practicing thinker Features:
Understand how thinking flaws sometimes
Understand the importance of self-monitoring
Challenge self thinking otherwise become egocentric
Understand human minds are self-deceptive, hence critic their own conclusions, beliefs, & opinions
Limited insight into deeper level of thoughts
STAGES OF CRITICAL THINKING
5. Advanced Thinker Features:
Actively analyze, assess, & critique own thinking in the significant areas of lives.
Have insight and understanding of problems at deeper levels of thought.
Well- developed sense of their own egocentric nature, strive to be fair-minded.
If identified bias/double standard, quickly correct the thinking to be fair.
Develop understanding of the relationships between thoughts, desires, emotional needs, and feelings.
Able to control the extent of egocentrism through careful monitoring of thoughts.
6. Accomplished Thinker Features:
Establish a systematic plan to assess & correct their own thinking.
Continuous critiquing self thinking for improvement
Extensively practiced critical thinking traits and skills, able to develop new insight into deeper levels of thought
Fair-minded, regularly recognize and control their own egocentric nature.
Recognize relationships between thoughts, desires, feelings, and emotional needs, and correct their thinking when motivated by irrelevant emotions.
SELF UNDERSTANDING
“ If you’re actively working on increasing your self-awareness then you’re familiar with critical thinking”
The difference between an individual who doesn’t think critically and one who does:
Person 1
Someone says something to this person that scares her. She can’t figure out what to do and doesn’t know how to assess what’s true or false about what she’s being told. Because she doesn’t understand the topic at hand, she draws conclusions based on visceral feelings, suppositions, or hunches rather than facts. Unable to ascertain what’s really going on, she remains uninformed and fearful.
Person 2
This person has been told the same thing, initially feels scared, but has the presence of mind to evaluate the topic. She does some research to determine what is true or false about what she’s been told based on demonstrable and verifiable facts. She is able to view the issue in context and asses its likely impact on her life. She reacts appropriately based on the information she’s collected.
EGOCENTRIC THINKING
Our family, country, region, religion, feelings, & values are specially privileged in our egocentric mind.
Egocentric thinkers not consider:
The rights & needs of others
Do not appreciate others point of view
Do not identify self limitations
The most commonly used psychological standards in human thinking:
It’s true because I believe it
It’s true because we believe it
It’s true because I want to believe it
It’s true because I always have believed it
It is true because it is in my selfish interest to believe it
FUNDAMENTAL MOTIVES BEHIND EGOCENTRIC THINKING
RECOGNIZING THE MIND’S THREE DISTINCTIVE FUNCTIONS
RECOGNIZING THE MIND’S THREE DISTINCTIVE FUNCTIONS
Thinking - create meaning
Feeling - Monitor & evaluate meaning created by thinking function
Wanting - allocates energy
RELATIONSHIP TO YOUR MIND
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF POSITIVE & NEGATIVE THOUGHT IN MIND?
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (EI)
Emotional intelligence is a simple concept: It's the ability to make emotions work for, instead of against you .
Emotional intelligence comes in all different packages, shapes, and sizes
Our emotions influence practically everything about our lives.
Emotions determine how we choose our leaders and how our leaders choose us.
Emotional intelligence manifests itself in various ways
The best way to protect yourself from harmful uses of emotional intelligence is by striving to increase your own.
Emotions are beautiful. They make us human. Enjoy them. Love them. Embrace them. But never underestimate their power, and their potential to do harm.
CRITICAL THINKERS DISTINGUISH BETWEEN INFERENCES & ASSUMPTIONS
Assumption: It is an unstated premise, cannot be logically derived from any existing information.
It cannot stand on its own.
Assumptions are generally given to present some new information. These can also be part of some beliefs.
Inference: It is that piece of information which can be logically deducted from the one or more statements.
Combination of an assumption (valid/true) and a fact results in an inference (correct/valid).
Assumption + Fact → Inference
INFERENCES
Important part of critical thinking - bringing what is subconscious in our thought to the level of conscious realization.
This includes - experiences are shaped by the inferences we make during those experiences.
We separate our experiences into two categories: the raw data & interpretation to our data.
We make inferences based on the people & situation
Different people make different inferences because they bring to situations different viewpoints & see data differently.
Examples:
Person One Situation:
A man is lying in the gutter.
Inference: That man’s a bum.
Assumption: Only bums lie in gutters.
Person Two Situation:
A man is lying in the gutter.
Inference: That man is in need of help.
Assumption: Anyone lying in the gutter is in need of help
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
1. Consider the features & characteristics of each stage of critical thinking development. What stage describes how you reasoned when you were in early stage of your career? Share specific experiences from your life which reflect the stage of thinking
2. Did you begin to change/develop as a critical thinker in growth stage of your career? How? Share specific experiences which demonstrate these changes?
3. Assess your own recent development as a critical thinker. Do you think you have advanced through any of these stages? Why or why not?
4. If you have not, what are some barriers to advancing & making through these stages? If you have, what has enabled you to advance in or develop your skills a a critical thinker?
5. What are your personal goals for yourself in the area of critical thinking? Be specific.
