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Class, just to clarify substantive posts. The minimum word count should be no less than about 75 words so about 4 sentences at least. Substantive posts must be more than an agreement of another classmate's or professor’s post, but you can add information that you've learned through your studies with scholarly sources.

Post 1:

The risk of type II diabetes that children born into families with a history of diabetes are exposed to is described in the article "Glucose Intolerance, Insulin Resistance and Obesity Risk in Children with Family History of Type II Diabetes" (Shahid et al., 2017). The scientists claim that various metabolic pathways important for controlling blood glucose levels are perturbed by the genetic milieu, which raises the risk of type II diabetes. Such pathways alter how quickly the body breaks down food, raising the risk of obesity in such populations. The purpose of the article was to identify the risk of early glucose metabolism disturbance in children whose family had a history of type II diabetes. 184 people were chosen at random from the pool of potential participants. There were both men and women there, both with and without a family history of diabetes. All kids born into families with a history of type II diabetes had greater body weights, according to the participant's BMI calculation, which also disclosed this information. Children with a family history of diabetes were shown to be more likely to be obese, have impaired fasting glucose levels, and be overweight. When choosing the participants, simple random sampling was utilized, and individuals were chosen at random. Equal selection odds applied to kids with and without a family history of diabetes. Because it accurately represents the sample population and removes sampling bias that is possible, simple random sampling is successful. Results from a random sample are more reliable since they are quite comparable to what may be discovered if the full population took part in the study. Simple random sampling, which has an equal chance of selection, is therefore the most useful when assessing the risk of type II diabetes in children from families with a history of the disease.

Reference

Shahid, A., Saeed, M. S., & Shoaib, M. (2017). Glucose Intolerance, Insulin Resistance and Obesity Risk in Children with Family History of Type II Diabetes. Annals of King Edward Medical University, 23(3), 386–391.  https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=126432678&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=eds1

Post 2:

The research article that l choose is called - Nurses' documentation of falls prevention in a patient centered care plan in a medical ward. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consistency of nurses' documentation in the falls prevention assessment tool, and to determine whether patients identified as high risk of falling had falls preventative strategies implemented. Falls are one of the leading causes of adverse events for patients in the hospital. The fall risk assessment tool has been a crucial element in making decisions about patient care (Heibig & Ambrose, 2018) . Falls happen way more than we would like on my unit. Studies have showed that falls occur at a rate of 3 -5 per 1000 bed-days , and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality estimates that 700,000 to 1 million hospitalized patients fall each year, more than a third of patients that fall in the hospital result in some sort of injury which can include fractures and head trauma. Insurances will not reimburse hospitals for additional costs associated with falls. Falls that do not result in injury can be serious as well. It can cause stress and anxiety to patients. their family members, and health care staff, and may mark the beginning of a negative cycle where fear of falling leads an older person to restrict his or her activity, with consequent further losses of strength and independence. At my job , we do a fall risk assessment every shift determining whether the patient is at high, moderate, or low risks for falls. We use the Morse fall scale. Based on that, we nurses try to implement the best interventions possible to prevent whether putting the bed alarm on, placing the patient in a room closest to the nurses to keep a better eye on them, using nonskid socks, keeping their room free of clutter, keeping the call light within reach, or using a CVM (continuous visual monitoring).

A primary investigator who is a registered nurse would audit charts in the afternoon to give nurses a chance to do their fall assessments for their patients. The nurse auditing the charts would also do her own fall risk assessment on the patients. There were 508 charts audited with 271 of them being identified as high risks for falls by the primary nurse, and an additional 38 patients were identified as a high risk for falls by the primary investigator, totaling 309 patients (60.8%) identified as a high fall risk. Of the 60.8% of high risks falls patients, only 53,7% had falls preventative strategies implemented as part of their nursing care. The EMR (electronic medical record) contains information like biostatistics, satisfaction surveys, birth weights, mortality rates, diagnoses, and testing results. These can help to answer questions through data analysis . The data that we can analyze could help find quality outcomes related to infection rates and falls risks, changes to procedures based on the findings from data, trends intake and output, and changes in patient interactions based on the results of the satisfaction survey.

References:

Helbig, J., Ambrose, J., (2018). What are Statistics and Why Are They important to Health Science? Applied Statistics for Health Care. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.comhit362v/applied-statistics-for-heath-care/v1.1#/chaper/1

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2018). Preventing Falls in Hospitals. AHRQ. Retrieved from  https://bit.ly/321HRv3

Post 3:

The article I selected, Study of Nurses' Knowledge about Palliative Care: A Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey, looked at the intellectual preparedness nurses possessed regarding palliative care. This study was initiated based on previous research suggesting healthcare providers are poorly equipped to most effectively palliative care patients (Prem, et al., 2012). A palliative care knowledge test (PCKT) via a self-reporting questionnaire was administered and results were statistically compared (Prem, et al., 2012). This was a cross-sectional survey; meaning information is extracted from a population without manipulation of variables or comparison across time (Cherry, 2019).  PCKT were administered to all staff nurses who were attending a continuing professional development program at a multispecialty tertiary care hospital. 363 questionnaires deemed valid were analyzed and compared across respondent factors such as gender, specialty, clinical experience, etc. (Prem, et al., 2012). Overall, this method appears to have been largely effective at measuring the general knowledge base of nurses in palliative care. Offering the questionnaire to nurses across all specialties, clinical experience lengths, and personal backgrounds allows a more randomized, unbiased method of comparing knowledge (Prem, et al., 2012). 

 References:

Cherry, K. (2019, October 10). What is a cross-sectional study? Verywell Mind. Retrieved August 23, 2022, from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-cross-sectional-study-2794978 

(Selected research article)

Prem, V., Karvannan, H., Kumar, S. P., Karthikbabu, S., Syed, N., Sisodia, V., & Jaykumar, S. (2012). Study of Nurses' Knowledge about Palliative Care: A Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey. Indian journal of palliative care, 18(2), 122–127. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.100832