Literature review

Abstract

SANE

To help with holistic and timely healing of sexual assault patients, shortage of resources should be addressed and more sexual assault team members must be procured. This is a vicious cycle that needs to be addressed by the community as a whole. The turnover rate for SANE nurses is high, while sexual assault patients face long-term mental and physical effects. Additionally, the society they live in engage in victim-blaming, and their trauma is minimized. While healthcare institutions are challenged with the pandemic, sexual abuse rates, and their intensity have risen with lockdowns. Although, methods to improve the quality of care are ongoing; additional steps should be taken to control further damage. This paper will give an overview of the SANE program, present the ongoing issues faced by sexual assault patients and some possible solutions to these issues.

Literature Review

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Annotated Bibliography

Bibliography Nathan, S., & Ferrara, M. (2020, May 20). An Innovative Trauma-Informed Curriculum for Sexual Assault Care. Journal of Nursing Education, 59(6). Retrieved February 03, 2022, from https://journals.healio.com/doi/full/10.3928/01484834-20200520-07 This article gives an overview of SANE and describes a step-by-step process. It emphasizes implementing trauma-informed sexual assault care among nursing. The need for sexual assault forensic nurses has been noted and an attempt is made to resolve this issue by adding sexual assault care to the nursing curriculum and making it available to more students. Delgadillo, D. C. (2017, July 01). When There is No Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner: Emergency Nursing Care for Female Adult Sexual Assault Patients. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 43(4), 308-315. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2016.11.006 This article recognizes the difficulty in maintaining a SANE program. It also gives a sequential approach to complete care for a sexual assault patient, from the time the patient arrives at the Emergency department till they get discharged. The collection of forensic evidence is also been brushed upon along with the physical and psychological consequences. Scott, K. M., Koenen, K. C., King, A., Petukhova, M. V., & Alonso, J. (2018, January). Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with sexual assault among women in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 48(1), 155-167. doi:10.1017/S0033291717001593 This article does a detailed study on PTSD among sexual assault survivors. Despite some inconsistent reports the data study helps in understanding how sexual assault can cause traumatic stress in patients newly or formerly diagnosed with PTSD. The data was widely done among 12 countries with several factors in place; like socio-demographics, vulnerability factors, etc. Rivara, F., Adhia, A., Lyons, V., Massey, A., & Mills, B. (2019, October). The Effects Of Violence On Health. Health Affairs, 38(10), 1622-1629. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00480 This article talks about different forms of abuse under one umbrella. The mental and physical effects that violence on people of all genders, ages, and the community are explained in detail. Apart from assault-related injuries, long-term health-related issues have been reported. While patients who have been abused can be treated, this article questions primary prevention to be able to prevent it. Lavoie, D. (2020, February 19). National shortage of forensic nurses frustrates rape victims. Retrieved February 07, 2022, from abcnews: https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/national-shortage-forensic-nurses-frustrates-rape-victims-690751140 This website presents the current crisis faced by the United States; shortage of SANE nurses. It emphasizes the lack of care and humility faced by sexual assault victims due to the unavailability of SANE nurses. Besides the funds needed, many states are planning on innovative plans in providing better care to sexual assault patients. Nodell, B. (2021, July 20). 75% of sexual assault survivors have PTSD one month later. Retrieved February 07, 2022, from UW Medicine Newsroom: https://newsroom.uw.edu/news/75-sexual-assault-survivors-have-ptsd-one-month-later The website asserts that the majority of sexual assault patients have PTSD soon after it happens. Also, after a study, researchers found that symptoms of PTSD got better with time. Although the researchers claim that symptoms get better, it is also highly recommended that patients seek therapy that has proven in healthy recovery.