SPSS 2 Poster

variabl

e

Variable

description

Level of

measurement

ConEduc Confidence in education Ordinal categorical

Marital Marital status of

respondent

Nominal categorical

Rincome Income of the respondent Continuous interval

Sex Gender of the

respondent

Nominal categorical

Age Age of the respondent Continuous

ANALYSIS OF CONFIDENCE IN EDUCATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES USING 2018 GSS DATA SET

STUDENT’S NAME

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATIONAL

Research Questions

1. What are the citizens’ perception/

confidence towards education in the

country?

2. How does this perception vary across

genders and marital status?

3. How does age relate/influence the

income of the citizens?

There were 1545 valid responses from the

respondents who answered the question on the

level of confidence in education. The

frequency table for the distribution of the

variable is presented above. Out of the total

observations, 388 respondents had a great deal

in education, 866 had some confidence in

education while the rest hardly had confidence

in education.

Distribution of the variables of interest Descriptive statistics for age and income

N mi

ni

mu

m

Maxim

um

Mean Std.

Dev

iatio

n

Varia

nce

Sk

ew

nes

s

Sta

nda

rd

Err

or

Age of

respon

dent

2

3

4

2

18 89 48.79 18.0

61

326.

195

0.2

22

0.0

51

Respo

ndents’

incom

e

1

3

1

5

1 12 10.41 2.95

1

8.70

6

0.0

67

0.0

67

Valid(l

istwise

)

1

3

1

0

Interpretation of the measures of central tendencies and

dispersion of age variable

The table above shows the measures of central tendencies

as well as measures of dispersion. The ages of the

respondents was positively distributed with a mean of 48.79

years with a standard deviation of 18.061. The income of the

respondents was also distribute with a mean of 10400 $ with

a standard deviation of 2951$. The age variable is

positively skewed as can be observed from the histogram

above and also from the coefficient of skewness presented

in the table for measure of central tendencies and

dispersion.

Interpretation of the Correlation Analysis and the scatter plot

Age has a correlation coefficient of 0.105. This

implies that there exists a relationship between

these two variables are positive, however the

relationship is weak. The relationship is

illustrated in the scatter plot above. For the

level of confidence on education and the age,

income and sex, the relationship is negative

and also weak as illustrated by the above

correlation coefficients in the above table.

Variable Selection

Among the many variables in the 2018 GSS

data set, five variables were selected for this

study. Out of the five variables, three were

categorical while the remaining two were

continuous variables. The variables are

CONEDUC, SEX, MARITAL, AGE and

RINCOME. The variables are described in the

next table. The variables were chosen so as to

investigate how a typical American citizens

felt about the education and how different

socio-demographic factors affect this

perception.

Interpretation of the frequency distributions tables

From the cross tabulation of confidence in education with

the other social-demographic variables, we can observe

that; Of the 1544 respondents, majority (654) of the

respondents who were married. Out of this 151 (23%) had

had great deal of confidence in education, 388 (59%) only

had some confidence while the rest hardly had any

confidence in education. For the respondents who were

never married, 126 had a great confidence in education, 244

had some confidence while the remaining 88 hardly had any

confidence in education. Also, about half of the females had

a great deal and some confidence in education. Therefore,

female respondents had better perception of education that

the male

Interpretation of the box plot

The box plot shows some measures of

dispersion for the age variable across the

levels of marital status. We can see that for

instance, for the married respondents, the

minimum and maximum age was about 20

and 90 years respectively. The median age

was about 50 years, with the inter quartile

range being the size of the box. The above

measures of dispersion can be obtained for the

rest of the levels of the marital status variable

in a similar way. The box plot also depicts

that there are some outliers in the data set as

can be seen from the points that fall below

and beyond the whiskers of the bao plot.

Summary of the Project The study has established how typical American citizens

perceive education in the. From the analysis, majority of the

respondents only had some confidence in education, the second

group of individuals had a great deal of confidence in education

while the remaining hardly had confidence in education. The

study has also established that married people have more

confidence in education, as compared to the other categories of

marital status. Considering the other socio0demographic

variables, age was found to be positively correlated with the

income of a respondent. This implies that , income is likely to

increase with increase in age of the respondent. The distribution

and summary statistics of the socio-demographic variables have

also been investigated and interpreted appropriately.