Research Finding
Evonth
spssoutput.pdf
Frequencies
Statistics
1) Gender
N Valid 208
Missing 0
1) Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Male 78 37.5 37.5 37.5
Female 130 62.5 62.5 100.0
Total 208 100.0 100.0
FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=Q2
/BARCHART FREQ
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.
Frequencies
Statistics
2) Age Group
N Valid 208
Missing 0
2) Age Group
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 15-19 6 2.9 2.9 2.9
20-24 35 16.8 16.8 19.7
25-29 84 40.4 40.4 60.1
30-34 40 19.2 19.2 79.3
35-39 21 10.1 10.1 89.4
40 and above 22 10.6 10.6 100.0
Total 208 100.0 100.0
FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=Q3
/BARCHART FREQ
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.
Frequencies
Statistics
3) Employment Status
N Valid 208
Missing 0
3) Employment Status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Unemployed 8 3.8 3.8 3.8
Employed (Full Time) 157 75.5 75.5 79.3
Employed (Part Time) 7 3.4 3.4 82.7
Student 23 11.1 11.1 93.8
Home-maker 2 1.0 1.0 94.7
Self Employed 10 4.8 4.8 99.5
Others 1 .5 .5 100.0
Total 208 100.0 100.0
FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=Q4
/BARCHART FREQ
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.
Frequencies
Statistics
4) Ethnic Origin
N Valid 208
Missing 0
4) Ethnic Origin
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Chinese 172 82.7 82.7 82.7
Malay 17 8.2 8.2 90.9
Indian 10 4.8 4.8 95.7
Eurasian 2 1.0 1.0 96.6
Others 7 3.4 3.4 100.0
Total 208 100.0 100.0
FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=Q5
/HISTOGRAM
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.
Frequencies
Statistics
5) Marital Status
N Valid 208
Missing 0
5) Marital Status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Single 134 64.4 64.4 64.4
Married 74 35.6 35.6 100.0
Total 208 100.0 100.0
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=PI BY Price
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ CORR
/CELLS=COUNT
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
PI * Price 208 100.0% 0 0.0% 208 100.0%
PI * Price Crosstabulation
Count
Price
Total 1.00 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00 4.25 4.50 4.75 5.00
PI 1.00 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1.50 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1.75 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
2.50 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 8
2.75 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 7
3.00 0 0 0 0 2 1 8 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 16
3.25 0 1 1 2 0 3 7 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 24
3.50 0 0 1 1 4 3 3 5 6 0 4 2 1 0 0 30
3.75 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 9 2 7 1 0 0 0 25
4.00 0 0 2 0 1 2 2 4 10 6 17 3 2 1 1 51
4.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 7 3 2 1 0 18
4.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 2 2 0 2 11
4.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 1 0 8
5.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 5
Total 3 1 5 4 10 16 23 18 32 15 44 11 14 6 6 208
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 448.753a 182 .000
Likelihood Ratio 259.979 182 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 76.626 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 208
a. 204 cells (97.1%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count
is .00.
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Interval by Interval Pearson's R .608 .058 11.003 .000c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .585 .055 10.364 .000c
N of Valid Cases 208
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
c. Based on normal approximation.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=PI BY Social
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ CORR
/CELLS=COUNT
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
PI * Social 208 100.0% 0 0.0% 208 100.0%
PI * Social Crosstabulation
Count
Social
Total 1.00 1.25 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00 4.25 4.50 4.75 5.00
PI 1.00 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1.50 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1.75 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
2.50 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 8
2.75 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
3.00 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 16
3.25 0 0 0 0 2 3 8 1 6 2 1 1 0 0 0 24
3.50 0 0 1 1 0 3 6 8 1 2 6 2 0 0 0 30
3.75 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 2 2 10 7 0 0 0 0 25
4.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 8 10 9 14 3 2 0 0 51
4.25 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 3 7 1 0 1 2 18
4.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 3 3 11
4.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 2 2 8
5.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 5
Total 2 1 5 2 4 19 31 22 23 30 39 11 5 6 8 208
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 582.557a 182 .000
Likelihood Ratio 289.816 182 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 97.030 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 208
a. 204 cells (97.1%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count
is .00.
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Interval by Interval Pearson's R .685 .046 13.482 .000c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .635 .049 11.785 .000c
N of Valid Cases 208
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
c. Based on normal approximation.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=PI BY Convenience
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ CORR
/CELLS=COUNT
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
PI * Convenience 208 100.0% 0 0.0% 208 100.0%
PI * Convenience Crosstabulation
Count
Convenience
Total 1.00 1.33 2.00 2.33 2.67 3.00 3.33 3.67 4.00 4.33 4.67 5.00
PI 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1.50 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1.75 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3
2.50 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 8
2.75 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 7
3.00 0 0 1 0 0 7 3 3 2 0 0 0 16
3.25 0 0 1 1 0 5 3 6 7 1 0 0 24
3.50 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 10 6 5 2 2 30
3.75 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 4 12 2 1 1 25
4.00 0 0 0 1 1 3 9 13 18 2 1 3 51
4.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 1 2 7 18
4.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 6 11
4.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 3 8
5.00 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 5
Total 1 1 4 4 4 23 21 40 61 12 14 23 208
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 406.077a 143 .000
Likelihood Ratio 205.080 143 .001
Linear-by-Linear Association 65.258 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 208
a. 158 cells (94.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count
is .00.
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Interval by Interval Pearson's R .561 .059 9.739 .000c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .509 .058 8.486 .000c
N of Valid Cases 208
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
c. Based on normal approximation.
NONPAR CORR
/VARIABLES=PI Price
/PRINT=SPEARMAN TWOTAIL NOSIG
/MISSING=PAIRWISE.
Nonparametric Correlations
Correlations
PI Price
Spearman's rho PI Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .585**
Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
N 208 208
Price Correlation Coefficient .585** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
N 208 208
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
NONPAR CORR
/VARIABLES=PI Social
/PRINT=SPEARMAN TWOTAIL NOSIG
/MISSING=PAIRWISE.
Nonparametric Correlations
Correlations
PI Social
Spearman's rho PI Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .635**
Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
N 208 208
Social Correlation Coefficient .635** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
N 208 208
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
NONPAR CORR
/VARIABLES=PI Convenience
/PRINT=SPEARMAN TWOTAIL NOSIG
/MISSING=PAIRWISE.
Nonparametric Correlations
Correlations
PI Convenience
Spearman's rho PI Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .509**
Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
N 208 208
Convenience Correlation Coefficient .509** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
N 208 208
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
REGRESSION
/DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
/MISSING PAIRWISE
/STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA COLLIN TOL ZPP
/CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
/NOORIGIN
/DEPENDENT PI
/METHOD=ENTER Price Social Convenience
/SCATTERPLOT=(*ZRESID ,*ZPRED)
/RESIDUALS HISTOGRAM(ZRESID) NORMPROB(ZRESID)
/CASEWISE PLOT(ZRESID) OUTLIERS(3)
/SAVE MAHAL COOK.
Regression
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
PI 3.6767 .65780 208
Price 3.5228 .76164 208
Social 3.5156 .71521 208
Convenience 3.8093 .72931 208
Correlations
PI Price Social Convenience
Pearson Correlation PI 1.000 .608 .685 .561
Price .608 1.000 .745 .405
Social .685 .745 1.000 .537
Convenience .561 .405 .537 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) PI . .000 .000 .000
Price .000 . .000 .000
Social .000 .000 . .000
Convenience .000 .000 .000 .
N PI 208 208 208 208
Price 208 208 208 208
Social 208 208 208 208
Convenience 208 208 208 208
Variables Entered/Removeda
Model Variables Entered
Variables
Removed Method
1 Convenience,
Price, Socialb . Enter
a. Dependent Variable: PI
b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 .737a .543 .536 .44806
a. Predictors: (Constant), Convenience, Price, Social
b. Dependent Variable: PI
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 48.615 3 16.205 80.719 .000b
Residual 40.955 204 .201
Total 89.569 207
a. Dependent Variable: PI
b. Predictors: (Constant), Convenience, Price, Social
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
Correlations Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Zero-order Partial Part Tolerance VIF
1 (Constant) .864 .188 4.590 .000
Price .188 .061 .218 3.072 .002 .608 .210 .145 .445 2.246
Social .347 .071 .377 4.902 .000 .685 .325 .232 .379 2.638
Convenience .244 .051 .271 4.828 .000 .561 .320 .229 .712 1.405
a. Dependent Variable: PI
Collinearity Diagnosticsa
Model Dimension Eigenvalue Condition Index
Variance Proportions
(Constant) Price Social Convenience
1 1 3.944 1.000 .00 .00 .00 .00
2 .028 11.842 .24 .27 .07 .21
3 .018 14.695 .74 .03 .03 .61
4 .010 20.184 .02 .70 .90 .18
a. Dependent Variable: PI
Casewise Diagnosticsa
Case Number Std. Residual PI Predicted Value Residual
62 -3.487 1.75 3.3124 -1.56239
84 -3.112 2.50 3.8943 -1.39435
93 -4.317 1.00 2.9343 -1.93433
201 -3.007 2.50 3.8473 -1.34729
a. Dependent Variable: PI
Residuals Statisticsa
Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation N
Predicted Value 1.6433 4.7602 3.6767 .48462 208
Std. Predicted Value -4.196 2.236 .000 1.000 208
Standard Error of Predicted
Value .032 .139 .059 .020 208
Adjusted Predicted Value 1.6320 4.7680 3.6763 .48485 208
Residual -1.93433 1.24318 .00000 .44480 208
Std. Residual -4.317 2.775 .000 .993 208
Stud. Residual -4.353 2.858 .000 1.004 208
Deleted Residual -1.96626 1.31917 .00040 .45490 208
Stud. Deleted Residual -4.559 2.910 -.001 1.015 208
Mahal. Distance .048 18.823 2.986 3.022 208
Cook's Distance .000 .125 .006 .015 208
Centered Leverage Value .000 .091 .014 .015 208
a. Dependent Variable: PI
Charts
