Research on safe robot operation using force tracking impedance control
Prediction of Early Childhood Obesity in Saudi Arabia using Machine Learning
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Outline
Significance of the Study
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Expected Outcomes
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Introduction and Background
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Problem Statement
Literature Review
05
Draft Conclusion
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Methodology
06
Expected Results and Discussion
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Research Question, Aim, Objectives
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Introduction and Background
Obesity
Effects
Type 2 Diabetes
Heart
Diseases
Cancers
Strokes
2.1 billion people are obese.
42 million children under the age of 5 were overweight in 2013.
30% of the global population.
41% increase by 2030 if current trend persists.
Risk Factors:
Unhealthy eating patterns
Lack of exercise
Genetics
Psychological factors
Socioeconomic factors
Obesity, a global epidemic.
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M. H. M. Adnan, W. Husain, & Rashid, N. A. (). A framework for childhood obesity classifications and predictions using NBtree. 2011 7th International Conference on Information Technology in Asia, (), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/CITA.2011.5999502
Child Health - Childhood Obesity. (2019, November 21). Www.moh.gov.sa. https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/HealthAwareness/EducationalContent/BabyHealth/Pages/003.aspx
Al-Hussaini, A., Bashir, M., Khormi, M., AlTuraiki, M., Alkhamis, W., Alrajhi, M., & Halal, T. (2019). Overweight and obesity among Saudi children and adolescents: Where do we stand today? Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 25(4), 229. https://doi.org/10.4103/sjg.sjg_617_18
Obesity In Saudi Arabia
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Introduction and Background
Pediatric obesity
Adult obesity
Prevention of childhood obesity is urgently required for reduction in obesity prevalence.
Childhood obesity prevalence was 18.2% in 2019.
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Obesity - Adults (18+ years) | EMRO Regional Health Observatory. (2017). Rho.emro.who.int. https://rho.emro.who.int/ThemeViz/TermID/146
Graph from:
GHO | By category | Prevalence of obesity among adults, BMI ≥ 30, age-standardized - Estimates by country. (2017). WHO. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A900A?lang=en
Al-Hussaini, A., Bashir, M., Khormi, M., AlTuraiki, M., Alkhamis, W., Alrajhi, M., & Halal, T. (2019). Overweight and obesity among Saudi children and adolescents: Where do we stand today? Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 25(4), 229. https://doi.org/10.4103/sjg.sjg_617_18
^ for childhood rate
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Introduction and Background
Early Childhood Obesity Prediction System
Diagnosis
Prediction
Classification
Indication
Genetics
BMI
ML
How can we predict?
Machine learning is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience. It is seen as a part of artificial intelligence.
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High Body Mass Index in Infancy May Predict Severe Obesity in Early Childhood
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has risen alarmingly among Saudi children and adolescents over the past decade and should make a strong case to initiate and monitor effective implementation of obesity prevention measures.
2. Problem Statement
How can Machine Learning be used to predict early childhood obesity in
Saudi Arabia?
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2.1 Research Question
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2. Problem Statement
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Construct a Machine Learning model to predict the risk of early childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia.
2.2 Research Aim
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Aim: The aim of the study is to predict early childhood obesity and the reduce it risk.
2. Problem Statement
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Implement a machine learning algorithm suitable for prediction.
Collect and Analyze the clinical data including weight, height, BMI, socioeconomic conditions.
Compare and contrast developed prediction model with existing ones.
2.3 Research Objectives
Develop a prediction model for early children obesity.
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Three simple factors can predict whether a child is likely to be overweight or obese by the time they reach adolescence: the child's body mass index (BMI), the mother's BMI and the mother's education level, according to our new research.
Predicting obesity in children using clinical data before the age of two using machine learning techniques.
Investigate the ability of the child’s BMI and the mother’s BMI to predict. To relate the calculated BMI of the child and mother.
Advance our understanding towards the development of smart and effective interventions for childhood obesity care. (from another paper)
Develop a prediction model to help clinicians identify candidate children for early obesity interventions, thereby targeting at risk children at a critical age of development related to establishing eating and lifestyle habits.
About data?
Identify
evaluate
3. Significance of the Study
Contribution to vision 2030 goal of Focus on Wellbeing and Preventive Care.
Contribution to SDG 17 goal of Good Health and Well-being.
Helps in early medical intervention to prevent obesity in early stages leading to a healthier society.
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Client
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Vision 2030: Focus on Wellness and Preventive Care: The Saudi Government has rolled out initiatives focusing on fitness and preventive care. KSA is aiming for a 3 per cent reduction in obesity by 2030.
Contribution to vision 2030 goal of Focus on Wellbeing and Preventive Care.
Contribution to SDG 17 goal of Good Health and Well-being.
Targeting a large group of children suffering from the most widely spread illnesses in the world,
Children who have obesity are more likely to have: High blood pressure and high cholesterol, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of premature death and disability in adulthood.
Dont let the adults to reached this sitution.
The numbers are increasing
Preventing is better then treatment.
Focusing on these causes may, over time, decrease childhood obesity and lead to a healthier society as a whole.
For healthcare people
4. Expected Outcomes
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Development of a computer code for early childhood obesity prediction using machine learning techniques
Identification of potentially high-risk children to whom future obesity prevention strategies should be applied
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2. For the clients which are doctors so that they can stop
5. Literature Review
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Machine Learning
Predicting obesity is a difficult task and machine learning techniques are powerful for this task.
Prediction Models
Data, BMI and genetics, are good predictors and childhood obesity models can be valuable assets to healthcare applications.
Increasing Obesity Rates
Rates of obesity among Saudi children are significantly increasing.
Current models have low accuracy
Several approaches to early childhood obesity are proposed, but they are inaccurate and no research targets Saudi Arabia.
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Several models have been developed
Current models are inaccurate
No prediction models targeting Saudi Arabia’s children.
Only 2 models are currently in use in the US.
Several approaches to early childhood obesity are proposed, but they are inaccurate.
Prediction models can be deduced from risk factors and genetics.
Childhood obesity models can be valuable assets to healthcare applications.
5. Literature Review
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Research is limited.
Poor prediction rates.
Early-stage point.
Zhang, S., Tjortjis, C., Zeng, X. et al.:
Evaluated: well-known data mining algorithms
Result: SVM and Bayesian algorithms are the best algorithms for predicting obesity.
Universiti Sains Malaysia:
Proposed: hybrid approach using Naïve Bayes and Genetic Algorithm
Result: 75% accuracy improvement over Naive Bayes.
Indiana University:
Test: six ML algorithms
Result: NaiveBayes and BayesNet high accuracy at 85% and sensitivity at 90% respectively.
Universiti Sains Malaysia:
Data mining techniques on data of ages 9 to 11
Proposed: more significant parameters on an existing solution
Result: 21% accuracy improvement.
Gaps
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That after adding more parameters to an existing solution, the algorithm’s result predictions of childhood obesity were 21% more accurate than before adding them
Research is limited: and data used are of ages where obesity is well established and harder to remediate.
Poor prediction rates that differ from test to test.
Early stage point : Research is at an early point as they only recently started predicting obesity using ML where more works have to be done in the future.
6. Methodology
Utilize the amount of clinical data including BMI, family history, and lifestyle habits.
Data
Prediction Model
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Analysis of different machine learning methods such as RandomTree, RandomForest, Naïve Bayes, and others trained on collected data.
Develop an algorithm to accurately predict obesity of children based on Naive Bayes using Python.
Machine Learning
(Singh & Tawfik, 2020)
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Database and Machine learning
Program???
Singh, B., & Tawfik, H. (2020). Machine Learning Approach for the Early Prediction of the Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Young People. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 523–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50423-6_39
Naive Bayes is a simple but surprisingly powerful algorithm for predictive modeling and based on the literature review, Naive Bayes was food to have the highest levels of accuracy among others.
Some intervention measures such as physical activity and healthy eating can be a fundamental component to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, it is absolutely essential to detect childhood obesity as early as possible.
https://data.humdata.org/dataset/who-data-for-saudi-arabia
https://childmortality.org/data/Saudi%20Arabia
https://data.unicef.org/country/sau/
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.OWGH.ZS
https://data.gov.sa/Data/en/dataset
7. Expected Results and Discussion
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Submission of a coded program runned using a machine learning algorithm that takes as input children's data before two years old and predict if they are at risk of developing obesity when they get older.
A comparison of accuracy results between proposed developed solution with existing ones that use different machine learning algorithms.
Implementation of the developed program in hospitals to help physicians predict future occurrences of obesity in children.
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Such machine learning models may be valuable as part of a healthcare application that alerts individuals with high risk of obesity incidence in the future.
8. Draft Conclusion
Predicting obesity at an early age is both useful and important because preventive
measures and proper interventions can be applied if the children indicated a high risk of obesity.
The proposed early childhood obesity prediction model:
Implement an ML algorithm called Naive Bayes.
Predict the risk of obesity in early childhood.
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Limitations:
Difficult to get data from Saudi Arabia (trying to find global database and maybe late try to localize it)
Thank You
Any Questions?
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References
Al-Hussaini, A., Bashir, M., Khormi, M., AlTuraiki, M., Alkhamis, W., Alrajhi, M., & Halal, T. (2019). Overweight and obesity among Saudi children and adolescents: Where do we stand today? Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 25(4), 229. https://doi.org/10.4103/sjg.sjg_617_18
CDC. (2019). Defining Childhood Obesity. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html
Child Health - Childhood Obesity. (2019, November 21). Www.moh.gov.sa. https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/HealthAwareness/EducationalContent/BabyHealth/Pages/003.aspx
GHO | By category | Prevalence of obesity among adults, BMI ≥ 30, age-standardized - Estimates by country. (2017). WHO. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A900A?lang=en
M. H. M. Adnan, W. Husain, & Rashid, N. A. (). A framework for childhood obesity classifications and predictions using NBtree. 2011 7th International Conference on Information Technology in Asia, (), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/CITA.2011.5999502
Obesity - Adults (18+ years) | EMRO Regional Health Observatory. (2017). Rho.emro.who.int. https://rho.emro.who.int/ThemeViz/TermID/146
Saad, A. (2018). Prevention of Childhood Obesity in Saudi Arabia. J Child Obes, 2-002. https://doi.org/10.21767/2572-5394.100057
Singh, B., & Tawfik, H. (2020). Machine Learning Approach for the Early Prediction of the Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Young People. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 523–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50423-6_39
Smego, A., Woo, J. G., Klein, J., Suh, C., Danesh Bansal, Bliss, S., Daniels, S. R., Bolling, C., & Crimmins, N. A. (2017). High body mass index in infancy may predict severe obesity in early childhood. The Journal of Pediatrics, 183, 87-93.e1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.020