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Overton:  Assessing Learners with Special Needs:  An Applied Approach, 7th edition © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 0131367137 All rights reserved.

Chapter 8

Academic Assessment

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

Types of Assessments

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Designed to measure what the student has learned. Measures test performance in a specific area or across several areas.
• Chosen because

they are used frequently in schools.

they have been shown to be technically adequate.

• Woodcock-Johnson III Test of Achievement
• Woodcock-Johnson NU Form C/Brief Battery
• Peabody Individual Achievement Test-4
• Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-II
• Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, 3rd ed.

Achievement Tests

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Presented in easel format
• Has two parallel achievement batteries

Woodcock-Johnson III Test of Achievement

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Shorter version of the achievement test.
• Subtests yield cluster scores for basic skills, broad academic areas, academic applications and academic fluency

Woodcock-Johnson NU Form C/Brief Battery

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Four easels (Volumes I, II, III, IV)

Peabody Individual Achievement Test-4

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Has two forms, A and B.
• Provides composite scores.
• Can make comparisons between scores.

Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-II

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Student performance can be analyzed for patterns of errors by comparing:
• Item-level error analysis:
• Evaluates the types of items answered correctly with the types of items answered incorrectly.
• Within-item error analysis:
• Evaluates the types of errors students made while attempting to complete a task.

KTEA and Error Analysis

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Designed as a screening tool to determine estimated achievement.
• Good to determine if more data are needed for a re-evaluation.
• Presented in easel format

Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-II—Brief Form

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Not all subtests are administered to every student.
• Provides two ways to determine the presence of a learning disability

Traditional ability-achievement discrepancy

Evaluating patterns of strengths and weaknesses

Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, 3rd ed.

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Used to obtain further information about a specific skill or area of academic achievement.

• Key Math—3 Diagnostic Assessment
• Test of Mathematical Abilities—2
• Woodcock-Johnson III Diagnostic Reading Battery
• Process Assessment of the Learner: Test Battery for Reading and Writing

Diagnostic Tests

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Easel format
• Two forms, A & B
• Aligned with the NCTM Standards
• May be used for benchmarking and provides progress monitoring software
• Provides a growth scale value—measures ongoing progress
• Test is divided into domains
• Areas of cognitive development/ability thought to be evidenced by certain behaviors or skills.

Key Math—3 Diagnostic Assessment

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Assesses areas of math functioning typically not addressed by other instruments.
• What are the student’s expressed attitudes toward mathematics?
• What is the student’s general vocabulary level when that vocabulary is used in a mathematical sense?
• How knowledgeable is the student regarding the functional use of mathematics facts and concepts in our general culture?
• How do a student’s attitudes, vocabulary, and general math information compare with the basic skills shown in the areas of computation and story problems?
• Do the student’s attitudes, vocabulary, and level of general math knowledge differ markedly from those of a group of age peers?

Test of Mathematical Abilities—2

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Test data provide information regarding placement in the curriculum, skills and content student has mastered, and overall performance comparison to peers.

Test of Mathematical Abilities—2 (Continued)

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Consists of subtest taken from the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement III to measure the skills required for reading

Woodcock-Johnson III Diagnostic Reading Battery

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Assess the prerequisite and requisite skills needed to read, write, and take notes in school.

Process Assessment of the Learner: Test Battery for Reading and Writing

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Oral Grey Reading Test—4
• Test of Reading Comprehension—3
• Test of Written Language—4
• Test of Written Spelling—4
• Standardized Spelling test

Other Diagnostic Tests

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Assesses the processes used in initial and emerging reading and writing skills as well as the skills expected during the intermediate grades in school

Oral Grey Reading Test—4

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Assesses reading comprehension

Test of Reading Comprehension—3

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Assesses overall writing, contrived writing and spontaneous writing

Test of Written Language—4

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Language Assessments measure a student’s understanding and use of language.
• Receptive Language
• Inner language concepts applied to what is heard.
• Expressive Language
• Language skills used in speaking or writing.
• Written Language
• Understanding language concepts and using them in writing.

Assessing Other Language Areas

© 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overton: Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach,7th edition. ISBN 0131367137

• Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—4
• Measures the student’s verbal comprehension (receptive language) skills by presenting a series of four visual stimuli and requesting the student to discriminate the stimulus that best represents the orally stated word.
• Expressive Vocabulary Test—2
• Measures a student’s expressive vocabulary by asking the student to name a picture or to provide a synonym for a picture.
• Test of Language Development—Primary—4th ed.
• Measures language development.
• Subtests include: Picture Vocabulary, Relational Vocabulary, Oral Vocabulary, Syntactic Understanding, Sentence Imitation, Morphological Completion, and the supplemental subtests of Word Discrimination, Phonemic Analysis, and Word Articulation.
• Test of Language Development—Intermediate—3rd ed.
• Aid in the diagnosis of students with language problems.
• Subtests include: Sentence Combining, Picture Vocabulary, Word Ordering, Generals, Morphological Comprehension, and Multiple Meanings

Other Language Assessments