Please answer the questions with information you learned from the chapter. Make sure you elaborate on your answer, illustration that you have understanding of the chapter. You should have a paragraph for each question. 1. Define the terms topic , rhetoric
FAST ANSWERS_PHDDEVELOPING YOUR FIRST SPEECH
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Why Prepare?
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation (1 of 6)
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation (2 of 6)
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation
- Invention: generation of ideas for use in speech
- Generate many ideas
- Ideas serve a purpose
- Ideas are adapted to audience
- Ideas based on topic, purpose, supporting evidence
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation
Arrangement: structuring of ideas to convey them effectively
Most speeches have three parts:
- Introduction, body, conclusion
Arrange ideas to be clear and memorable
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation
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EXPLAIN WHAT HAS CHANGED ABOUT HOW WE NOW USE THE FIVE CLASSICAL CANONS—INVENTION, ARRANGEMENT, STYLE, MEMORY, AND DELIVERY. PRESENT AN ASPECT OF EACH CANON THAT WE STILL RETAIN TODAY.
- Analyze your audience
- Audience analysis: learning interests, backgrounds to create specialized speech
- What is important about audience analysis?
- Why should it be one of your first considerations when inventing your speech?
- What questions would you ask your classmates if you were allowed to survey them before delivering your first speech?
- How would you use this information?
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- Select your topic
- Topic: subject you will address in speech
- Choose topic
that interests you
- Avoid overused
topics
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- Determine your speech’s rhetorical purpose
- Rhetorical purpose: speech’s main goal
- Speeches typically have one of three objectives to focus content:
- Informing, persuading, marking special occasion
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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- Brainstorming: quickly listing every idea that comes to mind, without evaluating merits
- Develops substantial list of ideas.
- Make final topic decision later
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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- Create a thesis statement
- Thesis statement: states message, narrowed topic, rhetorical purpose
- Determine your main points
- Main point: major ideas to emphasize
- Each point must support thesis
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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- Develop supporting materials
- Supporting materials: bolster, flesh out claims made in main points
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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- Organize, outline body of speech
- Outline: Text of speech in complete sentences or briefer phrases
- The three major parts of an outline are the
- Introduction, body (core of your speech), conclusion
- Create two to five main points, numbered with roman numeral
- Develop subpoints for each main point
- Subpoints explain, prove, expand on main points
- Follow rules of subordination
- Main points relate to specific purpose
- Subpoints relate to their main points
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (8 of 19)
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Generic sample of subordination:
- Main Point 1
- Subpoint
- Subpoint
- Sub-subpoint
- Sub-subpoint
- Main Point 2
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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- Conclusion: summarizes what you said
- -Leaves audience with memorable impression
- Two main parts:
- Summary of main points
- Clincher (vivid closing)
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
- Consider your word choice
- Word choice (diction) makes speech more memorable, engaging
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (15 of 19)
- Consider presentation aids
- Presentation aid: anything that audience members can see, hear
- Helps them understand, remember message
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
- Traditional presentation aids include
- Actual objects or models
- Video, audio recordings, drawings, photographs
- Charts, maps, graphs, PowerPoint
- Presentation aids must support your developing point
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (17 of 19)
- Practice your speech
- Extemporaneous delivery: Using only notes, rather than reading speech word-for-word
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (18 of 19)
- Mediated presentation
- Transmitted through mechanical or electronic medium
- Practice with technology and camera operation you will use
- Play speech back to see needed adjustments
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
- Deliver your speech
- Project your voice
- Maintain even rate of speaking
- Convey interest in topic
- Maintain eye contact
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Speech anxiety (stage fright)
- Worry or fear before giving speech
- A little nervousness can help
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- You can learn to manage speech anxiety
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Prepare early and follow a plan
- Resist urge to procrastinate
- Reduce anxiety by being prepared
- Incorporate feedback
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Practice your speech
- With group of classmates
- With friends, family
- Through imagined interactions
- Mentally practice delivering speech to audience, picture positive interactions
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Take care of yourself
- Get enough sleep
- Avoid too much sugar, caffeine
- Manage other commitments before speech
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety (6 of 8)
- Visualize success
- Visualization: imagine yourself a resounding success
- Make visualization as specific as possible
- Visualize success
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Use relaxation techniques
- Relaxation strategies: help reduce muscle tension, negative thoughts
- Basic muscle, breathing exercises help reduce anxiety
- Plan time for enjoyable activity
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
- Volunteer to speak first
- Never defeat yourself.
- Do not give up
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