Please answer the questions with information you learned from the chapter. Make sure you elaborate on your answer, illustration that you have understanding of the chapter. You should have a paragraph for each question. 1. Define the terms topic , rhetoric

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speakup5e_ch022.ppt

DEVELOPING YOUR FIRST SPEECH

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Why Prepare?

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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation (1 of 6)

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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation (2 of 6)

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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation

  • Invention: generation of ideas for use in speech
  • Generate many ideas
  • Ideas serve a purpose
  • Ideas are adapted to audience
  • Ideas based on topic, purpose, supporting evidence

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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation

Arrangement: structuring of ideas to convey them effectively

Most speeches have three parts:

  • Introduction, body, conclusion

Arrange ideas to be clear and memorable

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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation

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EXPLAIN WHAT HAS CHANGED ABOUT HOW WE NOW USE THE FIVE CLASSICAL CANONS—INVENTION, ARRANGEMENT, STYLE, MEMORY, AND DELIVERY. PRESENT AN ASPECT OF EACH CANON THAT WE STILL RETAIN TODAY.

  • Analyze your audience
  • Audience analysis: learning interests, backgrounds to create specialized speech
  • What is important about audience analysis?
  • Why should it be one of your first considerations when inventing your speech?
  • What questions would you ask your classmates if you were allowed to survey them before delivering your first speech?
  • How would you use this information?

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  • Select your topic
  • Topic: subject you will address in speech
  • Choose topic

that interests you

  • Avoid overused

topics

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  • Determine your speech’s rhetorical purpose
  • Rhetorical purpose: speech’s main goal
  • Speeches typically have one of three objectives to focus content:
  • Informing, persuading, marking special occasion

Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech

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  • Brainstorming: quickly listing every idea that comes to mind, without evaluating merits
  • Develops substantial list of ideas.
  • Make final topic decision later

Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech

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  • Create a thesis statement
  • Thesis statement: states message, narrowed topic, rhetorical purpose
  • Determine your main points
  • Main point: major ideas to emphasize
  • Each point must support thesis

Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech

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  • Develop supporting materials
  • Supporting materials: bolster, flesh out claims made in main points

Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech

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  • Organize, outline body of speech
  • Outline: Text of speech in complete sentences or briefer phrases
  • The three major parts of an outline are the
  • Introduction, body (core of your speech), conclusion
  • Create two to five main points, numbered with roman numeral
  • Develop subpoints for each main point
  • Subpoints explain, prove, expand on main points
  • Follow rules of subordination
  • Main points relate to specific purpose
  • Subpoints relate to their main points

Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (8 of 19)

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Generic sample of subordination:

  • Main Point 1
  • Subpoint
  • Subpoint
  • Sub-subpoint
  • Sub-subpoint
  • Main Point 2

Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech

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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech

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  • Conclusion: summarizes what you said
  • -Leaves audience with memorable impression
  • Two main parts:
  • Summary of main points
  • Clincher (vivid closing)

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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech

  • Consider your word choice
  • Word choice (diction) makes speech more memorable, engaging

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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (15 of 19)

  • Consider presentation aids
  • Presentation aid: anything that audience members can see, hear
  • Helps them understand, remember message

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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech

  • Traditional presentation aids include
  • Actual objects or models
  • Video, audio recordings, drawings, photographs
  • Charts, maps, graphs, PowerPoint
  • Presentation aids must support your developing point

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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (17 of 19)

  • Practice your speech
  • Extemporaneous delivery: Using only notes, rather than reading speech word-for-word

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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (18 of 19)

  • Mediated presentation
  • Transmitted through mechanical or electronic medium
  • Practice with technology and camera operation you will use
  • Play speech back to see needed adjustments

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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech

  • Deliver your speech
  • Project your voice
  • Maintain even rate of speaking
  • Convey interest in topic
  • Maintain eye contact

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Overcoming Speech Anxiety

  • Speech anxiety (stage fright)
  • Worry or fear before giving speech
  • A little nervousness can help

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Overcoming Speech Anxiety

  • You can learn to manage speech anxiety

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Overcoming Speech Anxiety

  • Prepare early and follow a plan
  • Resist urge to procrastinate
  • Reduce anxiety by being prepared
  • Incorporate feedback

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Overcoming Speech Anxiety

  • Practice your speech
  • With group of classmates
  • With friends, family
  • Through imagined interactions
  • Mentally practice delivering speech to audience, picture positive interactions

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Overcoming Speech Anxiety

  • Take care of yourself
  • Get enough sleep
  • Avoid too much sugar, caffeine
  • Manage other commitments before speech

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Overcoming Speech Anxiety (6 of 8)

  • Visualize success
  • Visualization: imagine yourself a resounding success
  • Make visualization as specific as possible
  • Visualize success

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Overcoming Speech Anxiety

  • Use relaxation techniques
  • Relaxation strategies: help reduce muscle tension, negative thoughts
  • Basic muscle, breathing exercises help reduce anxiety
  • Plan time for enjoyable activity

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Overcoming Speech Anxiety

  • Volunteer to speak first
  • Never defeat yourself.
  • Do not give up

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