Sociology

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Sociologist Lucien Lombardo wrote in
The Truth Will Set You Free:

  • “Childhood is not the shortest age in our life, but rather the longest, because it stays with us until our death."

ALL ABOUT SPANKING

STATUS OF CHILDREN

  • Other than children, only convicted criminals are legally allowed to be punished.
  • But children do not even have the rights of criminals, as they are allowed to be punished without a trial.
  • When a big kid hits a little kid on the playground, we call him a bully.
  • When a man punches another for a wallet he is called a mugger.
  • But when he becomes a father and hits his tiresome, disobedient or disrespectful child, we call him a disciplinarian.

FOUR MOST COMMON DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS

  • Time-outs
  • Removal of privileges
  • Yelling
  • Spanking (most popular)

EVEN THOSE THAT DON’T SPANK

  • Often THREATEN to spank.

SPANKING APPROVAL in U.S.

  • Those approving of spanking: 65%
  • Those disapproving of spanking: 31%
  • Should be permitted in school: 26%
  • Should not be permitted in school: 72%

“I KNOW WHAT YOU NEED…”

YOU DESERVE A SPANKING

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

  • Defined as physical contact by a parent with the intent of modifying the behavior of the child, by producing an unpleasant and painful sensation.
  • http://www.corpun.com/pix.htm#cardm

TYPES OF SPANKING

  • Instrumental (done when the parent is calm and thoughtful) or
  • Impulsive (when the parent is distressed and emotional).

  • This is particularly important as more emotional parents are more likely to be impulsive, and are more likely to make negative attributions about their children's behavior and use corporal punishment believing it is justified and normal.

SO, WE SPANK AT HOME

DON PHELPS RECEIVES AWARD FOR MOST SCHOOL SPANKINGS

  • Attended Roosevelt Elementary School, shows award he received while attending the school in the 1930s. He was honored for holding the all-time record of the most spankings in one year -- 14 of them.

SCHOOL SPANKING, 1910

SCHOOL SPANKING IN KANSAS, 1915

SCHOOL SPANKING IN TEXAS, 1977

  • OK to spank if student sneezes, says U.S. Supreme Court

HITTING KNUCKLES IN MISSISSIPPI, 1991

FRATERNITY SPANKING IN TEXAS, 1998

  • “Hazing”

AMBER PAGE, TEXAS CHEERLEADER, 1999

  • Got caught smoking in the girl’s room, was spanked, and first to sue in Texas.

NOT ONLY IN THE U.S. - STUDENT IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1999

STUDENT IN TAIWAN, 2001

NOT ONLY YEARS AGO - ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILD BEING SPANKED IN TENNESSEE, 2002

VIRGINIA H.S. FOOTBALL COACH SPANKED PLAYERS, 2003

FOOTBALL PLAYERS SPANKED IN MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, 2006

WE HAVE SPANKED AT CAMP

EVEN THE U.S. MARINES

AND THE U.S. NAVY

WE’VE HIT SLAVES

SO DID THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS

AND THE ANCIENT GREEKS & ROMANS

WE MAKE FUN OF SPANKING
TO LESSEN IT’S IMPACT

SPANKING IN CHILDREN’S CARTOONS

BOONDOCKS 2004

MODERN DENNIS THE MENACE 2004

EVEN IN PEANUTS??

SPANKING COLLECTIBLES

SPANKING IN ADVERTISING
POWER & STUART TOBACCO, 1890s

  • Socialization to make spanking acceptable and pervasive

BAKING POWDER, EARLY 1890s

JOCKEY UNDERWEAR, 1940s

FLETCHER’S LAXATIVES, 1940s

SHINOLA SHOE SHINE,1948

SANKA DECAF COFFEE, 1950

LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE, 1954

HAVILAND MOTOR OIL, 1959

SHOE SOLES, 1960

CHEEZ-IT CRACKERS, 1960s

VOLKSWAGEN CARS, 1965

CHASE & SANBORN COFFEE, 1969

VAN HEUSEN SHIRTS 1970s

KING OF THE HILL, 1997

GUCCI MEN’S CLOTHES, 2005

VIRGIN BRITISH MEGASTORE ADVERTISEMENT, 2006

SPANKING IN THE MOVIES

WE SPANKED IN WESTERNS

JOHN WAYNE SPANKED

ELVIS PRESLEY SPANKED

WE SPANKED ON T.V.

RICKY SPANKED LUCY

AND THEY KISSED & MADE UP

SAYS IT ALL

WE EVEN SEXUALIZE SPANKING

DEMOGRAPHICS OF SPANKING

  • Although found in most cultures, the degree of severity and laws vary.
  • Spanking is NOT found in hunting and gathering societies.

RACE AND SPANKING IN THE U.S.

ETHNICITY AND SPANKING

  • Non-hispanic white and black more likely to spank
  • Hispanic white more likely to spank than Hispanic black

AGE AND SPANKING

  • Younger women more likely to spank than older women
  • Older men more likely to spank than younger men

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL & SPANKING

  • Women with college degrees less likely to spank than women with high school diplomas
  • Women with Ph.D.s are least likely to spank
  • Educational level has no effect for men

OCCUPATION

  • Women in professional occupations are less likely to spank than women in non-professional occupations.

MAJOR CROSS CULTURAL STUDY

  • Child Development, Vol. 76, Issue 6, 2005; Physical Discipline and Children's Adjustment: Cultural Normativeness by Malone and Quinn N. (Duke University), Chang (Chinese University of Hong Kong), Oburu Palm (Georg University), Bacchini (University of Naples), Pastorelli and Bombi (Rome University), Zelli (Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie), Tapanya (Chiang Mai University), Chaudhary (University of Delhi), Deater-Deckard (University of Oregon), and Manke (California State University, Long Beach).
  • Spanking your child raises risk of aggression and anxiety in all cultures

POPULAR T-SHIRT

TOOLS OF SPANKING

PADDLES

LARGER PADDLES

CAT OF NINE TAILS

SPARE THE ROD,
SPOIL THE CHILD

  • The hitting rod:

DAD’S LEATHER BELTS

WAIT UNTIL YOUR FATHER GETS HOME

MOM’S WOODEN SPOONS

HAIR BRUSHES

SCOTTISH TAWSE

WE EVEN USE OUR OWN HANDS

AND, WE EVEN PULL PANTS DOWN TO SPANK

WE SPANK IN PUBLIC

AND, SADLY, WE EVEN “SPANK” ANIMALS

INSTITUTIONAL TOOLS

  • HEADMSTER CANES IN ENGLAND TODAY

WHIPPING FRAME IN WALES

PADDLING TABLE FOR PRISONERS IN CANADA, ENDED IN 1968


                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                      

COLORADO PRISON FLOGGING, 1920S

FOWLER TOWNSHIP, OHIO, 2005

  • Police chief James Martin ran a voluntary juvenile diversion program (a kind of informal probation) which included supervising the teenagers in a range of activities.
  • One optional part of the program was for the young men, with their parents' approval, to be required to report to the police station regularly for a moderate paddling to keep them on the right path.

OHIO PADDLING

FLOGGING IN ENGLAND, 1930s and 1970s

FLOGGING IN CHINA, 1940s

WHIPPING TRESTLE IN GERMANY, 1980s

CANING FRAME IN HONG KONG & SINGAPORE, 1980s

MALAYSIA, 1997

PUBLIC HITTING IN RUSSIA, 1998

WHIPPING IN WEST AFRICA, 2000

COLLEGE STUDENT IN UGANDA, 2000

PUBLIC CANING IN PAKISTAN, 2002

SAUDI ARABIA, 2005

WOMAN FLOGGED IN SOMALIA, 2006

TALIBAN FLOGGING A WOMAN IN AFGHANISTAN, 2006

SPANKING RESEARCH

  • Recent, longitudinal and objective studies show that even moderate spanking can have devastating results for a minority of children -- particularly males -- after they reach adulthood.

RESEARCH RESULTS

  • These same studies have shown that the abandonment of spanking will greatly decrease adult violence, mental illness, anxiety disorders, aggression, alcoholism, drug addiction, and criminal activity.

MAJOR PUBLICATIONS

  • Dr. Murray Straus of the University of New Hampshire is one of the world's leading experts in family violence, including the spanking of children.

http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/

HIS BOOK

  • His 2001 book compares commonly held beliefs about spanking with the results of carefully made studies about the negative effects of spanking after studying 9,000 families.
  • “Beating the Devil Out of Them: Corporal Punishment in American Children," Transaction Publishers, (2nd edition; 2001).

STRAUS’ CONCLUSIONS

  • Spanking appears to "work" in the short run because the child stops doing whatever provoked the parent's displeasure.
  • But Straus clearly shows that in the longer run, spanking has no measurable beneficial effects at all, and is associated with a variety of long term negative effects.

  • The more children are spanked, the more they assault siblings and other children.
  • Spanking in childhood is associated with higher levels of alcoholism, depression, masochistic fantasy, spousal abuse, and suicidal ideation later in life.

EFFECTS OF SPANKING

SHAME & GUILT

FEAR & RAGE

  • Children who are spanked tend to be more anxious and aggressive than those who aren't.

AND OTHER EFFECTS

  • Hitting models hitting
  • Hitting devalues the child
  • Hitting devalues the parent
  • Hitting can lead to abuse
  • Hitting does not improve behavior
  • Hitting promotes anger in children AND in parents
  • Hitting brings back bad memories
  • Hitting does not work in the long run

RELIGION & SPANKING

  • Effects of Puritanism

JUDEO-CHRISTIAN THOUGHT

  • Proverbs 23:14, 19:18 and 13:24. These verses instruct parents to discipline their children using a rod of correction.
  • Prov 22:15: "Foolishness is bound in the heart of a child; but the rod of correction shall drive it far from him."
  • Prov 23:13: "Withhold not correction from the child: for if thou beatest him with the rod, he shall not die."
  • Prov 23:14: "Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and shalt deliver his soul from hell (Shoel)."

OLD vs. NEW TESTAMENT

  • While Christians and Jews believe that the Old Testament is the inspired word of God, it is also an historical text that has been interpreted in many ways over the centuries in order to support the beliefs of the times.
  • Other parts of the Bible, especially the New Testament, suggest that respect, authority, and tenderness should be the prevailing attitudes toward children among people of faith.

MAJOR THEME IN RELIGIOUS DOCUMENTS

  • However, there is a major theme that runs through the Hebrew Scriptures (a.k.a. Old Testament), the Christian Scriptures (New Testament), and other ancient Jewish and Christian documents. It is commonly called the "Golden Rule" -- to treat others as you would wish to be treated.

ALL MAJOR RELIGIONS HAVE “GOLDEN RULE” PASSAGES

  • There are similar "Golden Rule" passages in all of the major religions of the world including the Bahá'í world faith, Brahmanism, Buddhism, Confujsianism, Ancient Egyptian, Hinduism, Humanism, Islam, Jainism, Native American Spirituality, Shinto, Sikhism, Taoism. Unitarian Universalism, Wicca, Youruba, Zoroastrianism

THE BIBLE & SLAVERY

  • In the 19th century, many North American Christians quoted general themes in the Bible, including the Golden Rule, the need for justice, the importance of human dignity and freedom, etc. to argue that the owning of slaves was immoral.
  • But other Christians quoted specific passages in the Bible which condoned, regulated and controlled slavery; they argued that no passage in the Bible condemned slavery as immoral.

NEW TESTAMENT

  • In the New Testament, Christ modified the traditional eye-for-an-eye system of justice with His turn-the-other-cheek approach. Christ preached gentleness, love, and understanding, and seemed against any harsh use of the rod, as stated by Paul in 1 Cor. 4:21: "Shall I come to you with the whip (rod), or in love and with a gentle spirit?"
  • Paul went on to teach fathers about the importance of not provoking anger in their children (which is what spanking usually does): "Fathers, do not exasperate your children" (Eph. 6:4), and "Fathers, do not embitter your children, or they will be discouraged" (Col. 3:21).

RELIGIOUS ANTI-SPANKING RESOLUTIONS

  • 2004 when the United Methodist Church overwhelmingly approved an anti-spanking resolution at their General Conference

HISTORY OF SPANKING REFORM

IMPORTANT DATES

  • 1867: New Jersey becomes the first state to ban corporal punishment in public schools.
  • 1946: Pediatrician Benjamin Spock, M.D., publishes Baby and Child Care, in which he counsels parents against the punitive child-raising practices of earlier generations and encourages a more psychological approach to discipline.
  • 1971: Massachusetts becomes the second state to ban corporal punishment in schools.
  • 1979: Sweden bans spanking, becoming the first country to do so.

IMPORTANT DATES CONTINUED

  • 1998: The American Academy of Pediatrics issues a statement discouraging all spanking.
  • 2002: A Canadian court bans straps in schools, leaving the U.S. as the only industrialized Western nation without a national ban on corporal punishment in schools.
  • 2007: Sacramento, California parents could face jail and a fine for spanking their young children under legislation a state lawmaker introduced in January 2007.

SO, WHY DO WE SPANK

  • Cultural traditions
  • Religion
  • Media influences
  • We learned it – it was done to our grandparents, our parents, and us…

BETTER USE OF HANDS

OBJECT OF SPANKING REFORM LAWS: TO CREATE A SAFE ZONE…


FOR OUR CHILDREN…