Follow all instructions and remember to use the learning resource given inthe work as references to support your answer and treat each answer as a separate wro or file
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SOCW90wk1responsetostudentspost.docxSOCW 90 wk1 response to students post
Learning Resources to be used as references to support your answer and citation.
Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.
Required Readings
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
· “Preface” (pp. xli–xliv)
Krueger, R. F., & Bezdjian, S. (2009). Enhancing research and treatment of mental disorders with dimensional concepts: Toward DSM-V and ICS-11. World Psychiatry, 8 (1), 3–6.
Enhancing research and treatment of mental disorders with dimensional concepts: Toward DSM-V and ICS-11 by Krueger, R.F., & Bezdjian, S., in World Psychiatry: Official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 8 /1. Copyright 2009 by Masson Italy. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons-Journals via the Copyright Clearance Center.
As you think about how public perceptions about mental health and illness can be shaped by the media, how do you think social workers can change the negative perceptions and the stigma associated with mental health? Who are stakeholders you think social workers can/should partner with to make this happen and what do you think is a strategy we implement?
Work #1 Professor’s questions
As you think about how public perceptions about mental health and illness can be shaped by the media, how do you think social workers can change the negative perceptions and the stigma associated with mental health? Who are stakeholders you think social workers can/should partner with to make this happen and what do you think is a strategy we implement?
Work #2 Answer in APA format with 2 citations per paragraph treat each answer as a separate work or file and each work or file need separate references. Treat each work as a separate work or file. Support your answer or posts with specific references to the Learning Resources given in this work. Be sure to provide full APA citations for your references. Answer in a Respond to at least two colleagues by reflecting on their take on society’s view of mental disorders and the impact on individuals living with a mental disorder. Explain why you agree or disagree with each of their assessments. What are your thoughts on the examples presented by your colleagues?
Work#2
Alyssa Coan
RE: Changing the Narrative
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Media has the power to inform people about current, past or ideas about future events; media can evoke fear about disasters that are coming or sadness in tragedies and attacks that shed blood around the world. The media can be used as a tool for the spread of happiness and education about current events and relevant day to day topics to the masses. One of those bits of information that has been seen in the history of media is in regard to mental health and mental illness. In the light of mental health many people have seen a harsh judgement for those who are different and utilize media to criticize and mock those who might be diagnosed with a mental illness. However, this mass knowledge and information spread is not a negative thing and can also show positive outcomes for mental health awareness.
The DSM or Diagnostic Statistical Manual for mental health describes and defines every known mental health issue and gives diagnostic criteria on how symptoms of each mental disorder present itself (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The organization of the DSM is done in a polythetic and categorical concepts which describes that there are many observable features for each disorder and the disorders are in categories that are either or diagnoses (Krueger, & Bezdijan, 2009). Many people have seen the effects of media on mental health as a creation of deteriorating stigma’s and negative assumptions towards those with mental health issues. According to U.S. News (2015) there are many occasions where media misrepresents mental illness, making mental illness seem worse than it is and makes it sound untreatable. While this is true and negative connotations towards these individuals can make people more reluctant to get diagnosed and receive help, there are also positives that can be seen from this increased knowledge. For example, the larger base of people that understand these disorders increase the likelihood of more research and a more thorough and comprehensive understanding about disorders will come about (Krueger, & Bezdijan, 2009). On the positive side, mainstream public knowledge of DSM disorders can help educate people about what is abnormal behavior and when a person might need professional assistance.
This knowledge can also help individuals understand the different methods and thought processes these individuals have to go through. Throughout the years as more information and media has covered mental health topics, there has been a variety of reactions shown towards individuals with disorders. While it is not the most commonly thought reaction an understanding for these individuals and more abundant resources have been made available for assisting these individuals. In other words, as the work has gotten out about individuals who have a disorder and need help, help has shown itself and more resources and social groups have come together to enhance the care and attention that is given. This cooperation between organizations and professionals displays that stakeholders have seen the need for an increase in services and therefor more resources become available.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Krueger, R. F., & Bezdijan, S. (2009). Enhancing research and treatment of mental disorders with dimensional concepts: Towards DSM-V and ICS-11. World Psychiatry, 8(1). 3-6.
U.S. News. (2015). How mental illness in misrepresented in the media. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved from: https://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2015/04/16/how-mental-illness-is-misrepresented-in-the-media
Work #3
Jared Taylor
RE: Discussion 2 - Week 1
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Post an explanation of your thoughts on how psychopathology and diagnosis have entered mainstream public discourse.
Psychopathology and diagnosis have entered mainstream public discourse increasingly over the last several decades, and this is for many different reasons such as the advancement of the mental health industry and its ability to have authoritative influence on issues related to significant societal issues. For instance, many studies on the inaccuracy of memory are as young as the late 1980’s and have continued to expand until the present day (Loftus & Hoffman, 1989; Loftus & Pickrell, 1995; Frenda, Knowles, Saletan & Loftus, 2013; Kaplan, Van Damme, Levine, and Loftus, 2016). This research, consequently, has had an impact on many courts acceptance of eyewitness testimony (Association for Psychological Science, 2011). As was noted in the discussion prompt, recent events that involve mass murder continue to aspire and have a with those who have mental illness. For much of the public, this has an influence on their perception of individuals with diagnoses that is equivalent to that of the person who committed a crime.
Then explain the potential negative and positive impact of this mainstream discourse on those living with a psychiatric diagnosis.
The mainstream discourse on those living with a psychiatric diagnosis has both a positive and negative impact. For example, with the recent decades of war in the middle east, the recognition and increased diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), many veterans are able to have their symptoms of PTSD understood. The public has also become aware that the symptoms of PTSD are not unique to only a few individuals. This has led to the creation of evidence-based programs, and social service agencies that focus on helping those with PTSD. While this is an advancement in the health care of military personnel, it has also had a negative impact on many. For instance, news reports such as After Combat Stress, Violence can Show Up at Home (Lawrence, 2016), which describes a veteran with PTSD who behaved violently, often leads people to believe that all veterans with PTSD are prone to violence. The diagnoses is beneficial; however, the way the media often presents a diagnoses can lead to stigma that harms the individual with the diagnoses.
Briefly explain the DSM-5’s organization and its dimensional approach to diagnosing and its possible impact on society’s view of mental disorders.
The DSM-5 has an organization that is largely ruled by a categorical nature. However, the DSM-5 is the evolution of research that has realized the need for a dimensional approach that allows observation of the connection of elements of disorders as interrelated (Krueger & Bezdjian, 2009). The American Psychiatric Association (2013) notes that the DSM-5, while categorical, considered the dimensional approach as essential, and thus, created a “revised organizational structure” (p. xli). This augments a dimensional approach that provides more freedom to see certain disorders such as anxiety, outside of being connected only to the category of anxiety disorders. The DSM-5, thus, provides structure for understanding disorders but considers the need for flexibility to include the plethora of mental health disorders and elements that would not be practically written in categorical form.
While diagnostic labels can be beneficial for reasons such as medical reimbursement and the communication of symptoms, they can also have a negative impact. Ben-Zeev, Young, and Corrigan (2010) note that three types of stigma occur from the result of labeling people with disorders: public stigma, self-stigma, and label avoidance. As is well known, stigma has detrimental effects on individuals and the greater society. It has, thus, been suggested that a dimensional approach to diagnosing can negate the stigma that can occur from a categorical approach to diagnosing. Widiger and Samuel (2005, as cited in Ben-Zeev et al.) note that a dimensional approach not only identifies the presence of a disorder over a period, but it identifies the degree to which the disorder is present. That is, it identifies the severity of an issue such as anxiety and allows for it to be seen over a period. Thus a person is not given a blanket label but is provided a profile which can be informative to a clinician. Without such a label from a categorical approach, it is likely that public stigma, self-stigma, and label avoidance are issues that will be minute or absent. Further, more information on symptoms and an account of more factors is provided with a dimensional approach (Regier, Kuhl, & Kupfer, 2013). The drawback to the approach is that it may be more time consuming and costly.
A dimensional approach can provide a clinician with information to provide better care and reduce the effects of stigma a client would face under the categorical approach. For instance, an article in Slate (Morris, 2014) depicts that veterans with PTSD will be violent. From reading this article, a person may believe that any individual with PTSD will be violent. They may then avoid such individuals, not hire them, and other similar things, due to their belief that those with the diagnosis label of PTSD will be violent. A dimensional approach to diagnosis could eliminate some of this stigma as each person would have a profile instead of a label that would group them with everyone else.
References
Association for Psychological Science. (2011, August 25). From lab to court: Memory and the law. Retrieved from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/full-frontal-psychology/from-lab-to-court-memory-and-the-law.html
Ben-Zeev, D., Young, M. A., & Corrigan, P. W. (2010). DSM-V and the stigma of mental illness. Journal of Mental Health, 19(4), 318-327. doi:10.3109/09638237.2010.492484Frenda, S. J., Knowles, E, D., Saletan, W & Loftus E, F. (2013). False memories of fabricated political events, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(2), 280-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.013 .
Kaplan, R. L., Van Damme, I., Levine, L. J., & Loftus, E. F. (2016). Emotion and false memory. Emotion Review, 8(1), 8-13. doi:10.1177/1754073915601228
Krueger, R. F., & Bezdjian, S. (2009). Enhancing research and treatment of mental disorders with dimensional concepts: toward DSM-V and ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 8(1), 3-6. doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00197.x
Lawrence, Q. (2016, April 27). After combat stress, violence can show up at home. NPR. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/04/27/475908537/after-combat-stress-violence-can-show-up-at-home
Loftus, E. F. , & Hoffman, H. G. (1989) Misinformation and memory: The creation of new memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118(1), 100-104. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.118.1.100
Loftus, E. F., & Pickrell, J. E. (1995). The formation of false memories. Psychiatric Annals, 25(12), 720-725. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/894195441?accountid=12085
Morris, D. J. (2014, April 17). War is hell, and the hell rubs off. Slate. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2014/04/ptsd_and_violence_by_veterans_increased_murder_rates_related_to_war_experience.html
Regier, D. A., Kuhl, E. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2013). The DSM-5: Classification and criteria changes. World Psychiatry, 12(2), 92-98. doi:10.1002/wps.20050
Work #4 Answer the professor’s questions in APA format with 2 citations per paragraph treat each answer as a separate work or file and each work or file need separate references. Treat each work as a separate work or file. Support your answer or posts with specific references to the Learning Resources given in this work. Be sure to provide full APA citations for your references.
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