SOC Problems

a. the way we imagine other people view us

b. our integrated concepts of norms, values and beliefs that we have learned from our community

c. the idea that we have an identity separate from others

d. the people whose opinions of us are important to us

Section E Match each statement with the element of culture it describes. Answers may be used only once. (6 points)

______People who impersonate a police officer will be arrested

______The idea of modesty

______A person wearing shorts in the winter

______The idea that modest people are more honest than immodest people

______A man wearing nothing above the waist at a religious service

_______Women wearing nothing above the waist while shopping

a. law

b. belief

c. more

d. value

e. folkway

f. taboo

Part II:

The following are 50 multiple choice problems. Choose the best answer for each question by filling in completely the bubble corresponding to the letter of your answer choice next to the number of the question on your bubble sheet. Each question is worth 1 point.

1.Using your sociological imagination can help you to________.

A.control your personality in groups

B.determine how an individual will act in a group

C.understand ancient cultures

D.make better decisions

2. Harriet Martineau is important to sociology because she_______.

A.was the first person to identify many competing groups in society

B.translated Comte's work into English

C.helped the urban poor in Chicago

D.believed class conflict between women and men was inevitable

3.Several members of a little league team begin wearing their baseball caps backwards and soon the entire team is following this style. This is an example of_______.

A.group conformity B.social structure C.Social Darwinism D.group imagination

4.Which perspective emphasizes that people can communicate because they share words, gestures and physical objects that have similar meanings to all of them?

A.positivism B.functionalism

C.symbolic interactionism D.conflict theory

5.Using the Internet to shop has allowed people to shop from their homes. This is a ______ function of Internet shopping.

A.dynamic B.static C.latent D.manifest

6.The theory that society benefits when each individual finds his or her own social class level without outside interference is called:

A.class conflict B.Social Darwinism

C.group imagination D.group conformity

7.Which of the following statements relates to mechanical solidarity?

A.People relied primarily on family and tradition.

B.People were interdepedent on one another.

C.There was little consensus on values.

D.Everyone had a highly specialized role.

8.When government regulations become so complex that it becomes hard for citizens to accomplish their work efficiently, the negative result is called________.

A.solidarity B.proletarianism C.dysfunction D.dynamics

9.Text messaging has resulted in many students using texting abbreviations in formal school reports. This is a _____ function of text messaging.

A.dynamic B.static C.manifest D.latent

10.According to Karl Marx, a communist society would_________ .

A.have a wide variety of social classes B.be made up of capitalist and the proletariat

C.be classless D.be composed entirely of the bourgeoisie

11.Which theoretical perspective emphasizes the role of each part of society and how these parts work together to create a unified whole?

A.functionalism B.conflict theory

C.verstehen D.symbolic interactionism

12.The distribution of power is most important in which theoretical perspective?

A.conflict perspective B.positivism

C.functionalism D.symbolic interactionism

13.When a baby waves "bye-bye," the baby is using a_______.

A.verstehen B.symbol C.rationalization D.function

14.Which of the following best describes the sociological perspective?

A.Sociology's major focus is the intelligience of individuals.

B.Sociology focuses on people at a group level.

C.Sociology has little interest in group behavior.

D.Sociology's major focus is on individual differences.

15. Sociology is the study of__________.

A.People in a society B.Interactions among people

C.Social institutions D.All of the above

16.Conflict theory is primarily based in the work of_______ .

A.Emile Durkheim B.Herbert Spencer C.August Comte D.Karl Marx

17.The division of labour characteristic of simple societies is ______.

A.organic B.mechanical C.segregated D.Functional

18.Which of the following would you say best characterizes sociology’s main goal?

A.Sociology primarily attempts to understand and explain the impact of social forces.

B.Sociology primarily attempts to catalogue facts about society without analyzing them.

C.Sociology primarily attempts to make moral pronouncements about ethics in society.

D.Sociology primarily attempts to understand thoughts, memory, perception, and personality.

20.What is the definition of functionalism?

A.the study of the function of a social activity to determine the contribution that the activity makes to society as a whole

B.the study of the way people function in groups

C.the study of the probability that any given individual has for upward social mobility

D.the conservative response to the Social Reform movement

21.Sociologists ask factual, comparative, developmental, and theoretical questions as they study the social world. Which type of question is the following: “What accounts for the decline in the proportion of the population voting in elections in recent years?” (1 point)

A.factual B.comparative C.developmental D.theoretical

22.What is microsociology?

A.the study of the internal dynamics of individual consciousness

B.the study of face-to-face interaction in everyday life

C.the study of children in social life

D.another name for the sociology of computing

23. Socialization is__________.

A. the formation of an attachment bond between an infant and its carer

B.a tendency of social theorists to explain everything in terms of social causes

C. the process of becoming part of a society by learning its norms and values

D. the historical process by which societies change from traditional to modern

24.Role-learning theory suggests that_________.

A. we internalise and take on social roles from a pre-existing framework

B. we create and negotiate our roles through interaction with others

C.social roles are not fixed or stable but fluid and pluralistic

D. roles have to be learned to suppress unconscious motivations

25.In Symbolic Interactionist theory, Mead defined the 'generalized other' as________.

A. the group of structural theories of society that he was reacting against

B. the overall impression of ourselves that we try to give off to others

C.a significant figure in early childhood who teaches us the general values of society

D. an image of how people in the wider society might perceive our behaviour

26.Freud's notion of the 'ego' referred to ________.

A.the unconscious mass of instinctive drives that may be repressed

B.the self as a whole: an unstable mix of conscious and unconscious elements

C.the conscious part of the mind that regulates emotional drives on a practical, rational level

D.the neurotic part of the mind that longs for belonging and may suffer an inferiority complex

27.Comte's term 'positivism' refers to ________.

A. a theory that emphasizes the positive aspects of society

B. the precise, scientific study of observable phenomena

C. a theory that posits difficult questions and sets out to answer them

D. an unscientific set of laws about social progress

28.In Marx's theory, the 'mode of production' means__________.

A. the way in which products are made in a factory

B. the average measure of productivity under capitalism

C.the organization of a society's technical and human resources

D.an integral part of the superstructure of a society

29. Durkheim defined social facts as ___________.

A. ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that are collective and social in origin

B. the way scientists construct knowledge in a social context

C. data collected about social phenomena that are proven to be correct

D. ideas and theories that have no basis in the external, physical world

30. The four ideal types of social action that Weber identified were as follows: instrumentally-rational, value-rational, traditional, and _________.

A.affectual B. affective C. effective D.infected

31.Dahrendorf, Rex, and Habermas focused their attention on_______.

A.social solidarity and cohesion

B.the interpretive understanding of action

C.women's experiences and gendered knowledge

D.power, domination, and conflict

32.The term 'feminist standpoint' suggests________.

A.taking a stand on the issues neglected by feminism

B. studying society from the perspective of women

C.the recognition of difference and diversity in women's lives

D. a tendency to ignore the gendered nature of knowledge

33.What is the name of the process by which we acquire a sense of identity and become members of society?

A. Rationalization B.colonization C. McDonaldization D. socialization

34.In idealized views of science, the experimental method is said to involve _________.

A. testing out new research methods to see which one works best

B.isolating and measuring the effect of one variable upon another

C. using personal beliefs and values to decide what to study

D. interpreting data subjectively, drawing on theoretical paradigms

35.Which of the following is not a 'research purpose'?

A. Triangulation B. explanation C. description D. exploration

36. Pre-testing a questionnaire is useful for_______.

A.finding out which topics are important to the respondents

B. testing out your computer and printer

C. identifying any problems with the question wording and routing

D. deciding which respondents to leave out of the final sample

37. A survey should avoid asking________.

A. fixed-choice questions B. short questions C.leading questions D.funnelled questions

38.'Snowballing' is an example of _________.

A. probability sampling B.non-probability sampling

C.cluster sampling D. using the Christmas vacation constructively

39.Ethnographic research produces qualitative data because ________.

A.the findings are amenable to statistical analysis

B. it is conducted over a period of several years

C. it uncovers rich, detailed accounts from an insider's perspective

D. it compares findings from a number of different cases

40.One of the difficulties in 'operationalizing' concepts like social class is that:

A. definitions and indicators can vary, making valid comparisons problematic

B.there are no reliable indicators of such widely contested ideas

C. it takes all the fun out of armchair theorising

D. it has little use for applied, empirical research about the topic

41. A system of stratification where social positions are mainly achieved rather than ascribed and social mobility is possible is which one of the following?

A.Caste B.Class C.Status D.Slavery

42. Class consciousness involves which one of the following?

A.People aware of earning more than others

B.A sense of solidarity and awareness of shared interests with others in the same class

C.Over-emphasizing the importance of social class divisions in society

D.Being unaware of your real class interests

43. If a person gains their position in society through qualifications and promotion it is known as what type of status?

A.ascribed B.work C.background D.achieved

44.A _____ is made up of those people to whom we look to estalbish values and attitudes and whom we use to evaluate ourselves.

A.generalized group B.reference group C.game group D.play group

45.A man is graduating from college and is looking forward to his new role in his job as a computer scientist for a large firm. This is an example of:

A.the imagination stage B.anticipatory socialization

C.the game stage D.looking-glass self

46.A group of people of roughly the same age and with similar interests to ours is called a ______ group.

A.imitation B.generalized C.peer D.reference

47.Socialization begins at birth and continues:

A.until puberty B.until age 21

C.until middle age D.throughout life

48.Which of the following would probably NOT be a significant other in the life of a four-year old girl living in a two-parent home?

A.her father B.her mother C.her mother's boss D.her preschool teacher

49.Which of the following is NOT an example of a hidden curriculum at most schools?

A.to be good sport when losing at a game B.to be able to add and subtract

C.to cooperatewith classmates D.to take turns when playing games

50.Which of the following is NOT an agent of political socialization?

A.education B.family C.occupation D.sports

Part III:

True or False.The following are 10 statements, please identify whether they are true or not . Write T or F before the statements.(1 point each)

______1.When you try to understand your friend's feelings by placing yourself in his/her situation, you are using verstehen.

______2.A family is a group, but the people attending a football game are not a group because they are too diverse.

______3.If a person violates a group norm, the group can sanction the person by staring at him/her.

______4.The ability to see the relationship between events in your personal life and events in society is called sociological imagination.

______5.Sociologists rarely challenge conventional social wisdom.

______6.A social structure is an environment that prescribes that members of a group behave in certain patterns.

______7.Jane Addams is best known for developing the concept of rationalization.

______8.W.E.B. DuBois scientifically studied the social structure of African American communities.

______9.Sociology studies individual behaviors and psychology studies group behaviors.

______10.Most groups encourage their members to conform to the group's way of thinking and behaving.

______11.Max Weber distinguished between societies that were based on organic solidarity and societies based on mechanical solidarity.

______12.Functionalism is the sociological perspective that emphasizes the symbolic nature of human interactions.

______13.A discovery results when something new is formed from existing objects or concepts while an invention makes known previously unknown but existing aspects of reality.

______14.Socialization is fundamental for individuals to develop properly.

______15.Sanctions may be both positive and negative.

Part IV

Short Answer: answer in 2 or more complete sentences.(5 points each)

1. List a group to which you belong and provide one example of this group's social structure.

2. Define resocialization.