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APPLIED RESEARCH IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL SCIENCES: INTERFACE AND INTERACTION. 2011 1(8)

SVEIKATOS IR SOCIALINIŲ MOKSLŲ TAIKOMIEJI TYRIMAI: SANDŪRA IR SĄVEIKA. 2011 1(8)

SOCIAL WORK

SOCIAL REHABILITATION PROCESS FOR VICTIMS OF PROSTITUTION AND TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN

AKVILĖ VIRBALIENĖ, SKAIDRĖ RAČKAUSKIENĖ

Klaipėda State College, Lithuania

Abstract

The article represents the process of social rehabilitation for victims of prostitution and trafficking in women. Victims of prostitution and trafficking in women are physically and psychologically damaged, they find it very hard to return to normal life due to the sense of humiliation, lack of personal and social skills and family relations. Therefore social rehabilitation is crucial for this particular group of individuals. Topic of this study is clearly defined by a question: How is the process of social rehabilitation for victims implemented? Subject of the study – social rehabilitation for victims of prostitution and trafficking in women. Aim of the study – introduce the process of social rehabilitation for victims of prostitution and trafficking in women. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method. Victims of prostitution and trafficking in women acquire social and personal skills with the help of social rehabilitation. With the help of social workers victims restore relationships with their families and find new friends. Social rehabilitation provides conditions for restoration and improvement of personal skills, which are directed towards understanding and development of self‐value and this in turn determine rational need to respect one self and strive for normal functioning within the community and society.

Keywords: social rehabilitation, prostitution, trafficking in women.

Introduction

Relevance of the topic. There is no official statistics on trafficking in women in Lithuania; however, it is believed that approximately 2000 women per year are taken to foreign brothels (Stankūnienė et al, 2007). Increasing poverty and unemployment stand as one of the main reasons for prostitution as an occupation. Everyday hundreds of women leave their homes in search of work and better life. They are involved in forced prostitution whether by deception, violence, threats or blackmail. They end up in illegal businesses and service industries where they suffer physical and psychological violence and lawlessness of employers. According to Karmaza et al (2005 a) women taken out of sexual slavery are damaged both physically and psychologically. It is very hard for a woman to return to normal life when she is alone because she lacks necessary skills and relationship with her family is broken. Thus social rehabilitation for this group of people is vitally important. Aim of social rehabilitation is to help women who were forced to work in foreign or Lithuanian brothels and women who agreed to be involved in prostitution but feel as outcasts, deceived and humiliated. It takes a lot of efforts for a woman to return to society and avoid becoming a victim of trafficking in humans or prostitution again. For this reason social rehabilitation is important – it helps women return to full social life and restore relationship with others (Ruškus, Mažeikienė (2005), Blinstrubas, Balčiūnas (2005). Therefore constant participation in social rehabilitation sessions is the most effective way to help a victim of trafficking in women or prostitution return to society.

Research issue. The matter of trafficking in women in Lithuania has not been widely studied. Sipavičienė et al (2004) study the topic of trafficking in women and introduce the extent of prostitution worldwide. Authors Puidokienė (2008), Nachbaur et al, (2007), Prokopčik (2006), Karmaza (2005), Navaitis (2005), Sipavičienė (2006), Marcinkevičienė (2003), Bazylevas (2003), Acus (2001) ventilate the reasons, consequences of such phenomenon by discussing possible ways of solving this problem and helping the victims. Raymond (2005) studied the reasons and consequences of sexual industry. Ruškus et al (2005) carried out a study on the effectiveness of aid provided to victims of prostitution and trafficking in humans in Lithuania. This research emphasized the importance of inter‐institutional cooperation and systematic attitude towards the process of reintegration. There are no thorough researches on process of social rehabilitation for victims of prostitution and trafficking in humans. Thus the main issue of this study is the question: How is the process of social rehabilitation for victims implemented?

Research focus – social rehabilitation for victims of prostitution and trafficking in women. Research aim: to introduce the process of social rehabilitation for victims of prostitution and trafficking in

women.

Course of social rehabilitation process while working with victims of prostitution and trafficking in women

Social rehabilitation is considered one of the essential means of fighting trafficking in women and prostitution. Such aid is important in the aspect of human rights since it provides possibility to reduce negative consequences of trafficking in women. The aim of social rehabilitation in relation to victims of prostitution and human trafficking is to neutralize the effects of psychological trauma, develop cooperation and socialization skills, avoid social exclusion and return the person to a full life within the society (Ruškus et al, 2005). In order to do so women are directed to non‐ governmental organizations such as rehabilitation centers or teams that can provide the necessary help to victims of prostitution or human trafficking. According to Ruškus and Mažeikienė (2005) aid to victims of prostitution or human trafficking during social rehabilitation is divided into two trends: development of new skills and integration into society. Thus, social workers help develop skills necessary for easier integration into society and maintain emotional stability during the whole process. Ruškus and Mažeikienė (2005) separated three stages of social rehabilitation and necessary integrate elements which are applied during the rehabilitation programme in nongovernmental institutions. First stage involves getting to the victims and their intervention. Main objective at this stage is to prevent possible exploitation or intervene before the potential victims fall into the network of trafficking in women. According to Ruškus et al (2005), institutions determining possible victims inform organizations that provide rehabilitation, which in turn creates an aid scheme in cooperation with other organizations. Immediate aid to victims of prostitution and trafficking in women is given 24 hours a day. This means that the victim can be met (at the airport, state boarder, any other place), can be given the necessary aid (medical, social, psychological, legal), the necessity of help can be determined and physical security guaranteed. The victims are separated from their exploiters, souteneurs and are offered a safe place. Nongovernmental institutions are capable of accommodating women suffering a crisis. This is done in order to protect them from further sexual exploitation, minimize influence of negative environment and ensure proper psychological microclimate. According to Sipavičienė (2004), it is crucial to provide the immediate first medical aid to victims of sexual exploitation and prescribe appropriate treatment. Such women have suffered constant physical and sexual violence and thus have serious gynecological disorders, may be infected with AIDS or suffer from other physical injuries. This proves that victims of prostitution and trafficking in women are in need of medical help because the traumas, injuries they have suffered and diseases they have cause serious danger to their health and life.

Another key stage of the first part is collection of information on the victim and her environment. However, victims usually no longer communicate with their families and that is why social workers try to help them create their social network anew (Ruškus & Mažeikienė, 2005). This helps social workers collect more information on the victim and eases her integration into society and gives the support of her family. Sipavičienė et al (2004) state that it is important to get as much information from various sources as possible, in order to create the further plan concerning the aid. Information collected by social workers gives the insight on the problem and creates possibility of providing a more effective help. Last element of the first rehabilitation stage is the evaluation of social behaviour and communication skills of victims of prostitution and trafficking in women and their involvement into studies or vocational preparation. According to Sipavičienė (2006), at first victims refuse the support and help and usually demonstrate rejection and nervous conduct. Such behaviour is the result of sexual violence and sufferings that conditioned the loss of communication skills that must be restored. Attainment of social skills during the rehabilitation gives possibility for faster integration into full‐value social life.

Second stage of social rehabilitation comprises the specificity of rehabilitation and aid. According to Ruškus J. and other authors (2005) rehabilitation at this stage should be individual and specialist of various fields should be reached at any time. Such help is necessary to the victim in order to ensure her physical and psychological safety. Ruškus and Mažeikienė (2005) believe that each victim is unique and need individual access and aid model. Successful rehabilitation process and integration into society are ensured by creating an individual aid plan for every client and by considering her needs and possibilities. Another means used in the second stage of rehabilitation is psychological help, formation of social and occupational skills and inducement of motivation (Ruškus et al, 2005). According to Alifanovienė et al (2008) women who escaped their souteneurs need to see psychologists because they help them regain self‐confidence and restore broken family relationships. Karmaza et al (2005) believe that victims of human trafficking need psychological help to overcome compunction, distrust in others, understand ones feelings and learn how to express them. Thus psychological aid help victims deal with consequences of trauma increase their self‐esteem and encourage development and formation of communication skills. In order to prevent the return to prostitution special means must be used in the process of rehabilitation. Social rehabilitation however, will only be successful if the victim is motivated and willing to accept the treatment. According to Alifanovienė (2008) material welfare is one of the main values in the life of human trafficking victims and the need to improve it may encourage such women to ask for help and undergo rehabilitation. We can make an assumption that meeting material needs during rehabilitation is very important and that it may become the key motive to change ones lifestyle. Once these needs are satisfied the victim may find other demands that will initiate more changes. Establishment of short‐term and long‐term goals and

finding a person who will assist the victim during the whole rehabilitation programme is an important step at the second stage of rehabilitation (Ruškus & Mažeikienė, 2005). Setting goals and support of another person helps the victim change and look for solutions rather than concentrate on the problem itself. Sipavičienė (2004) states that victims are inclined to set only short‐term plans which are usually related to what they should avoid rather than new achievements. For this reason social worker must be trustworthy so that victims could rely on him and create a step‐ by‐step system helping her to achieve set goals. Creation of such a plan as if approves a pre‐modeled behaviour which increases self‐confidence of a woman. According to Alifanoviene (2008), assistance and support of social worker enhance victim’s motivation to change the current situation and continue rehabilitation. Ruškus and Mažeikienė (2005) believe that social worker empower the victim to change present situation, i.e. a person who was no longer able to change or improve her life finds the will and strength to start controlling and managing her own psychological and social reality with the help (through the mediation) of another person. Independence of victims is stimulated using various resources from the surrounding environment. Thorough implementation of set objectives and constant support at this stage of the programme ensures an effective rehabilitation to victims of prostitution and trafficking in women and helps them to integrate into a full‐value social file.

Third stage is the reintegration. This stage involves work with the victim’s environment – formation of family and friends’ circle, observation and prevention from returning to prostitution and constant communication with the victim. According to Ruškus and Mažeikienė (2005) working with the victims of prostitution and trafficking in women alone does not improve the quality of their reintegration; it is necessary to involve their families and friends. Support of the family and friends give strength to function in the social life and keep away from sexual industry. However, according to Sipavičienė (2004) many victims of prostitution and trafficking came from dysfunctional families, foster homes or boarding schools and maintain no relations with their families. Therefore social worker becomes the closest person they have during the rehabilitation. This is why it is not so easy to cancel the help and the process takes a long time and cannot be terminated immediately. Victims are given the possibility to visit, talk and express their emotions and concerns but they must realize that other people cannot solve their problems, they must make decisions themselves.

In summary we can state that the purpose of social rehabilitation is to help victims fight the consequences of hardships they suffered, integrate them into the normal life of society. Rehabilitation programme consist of three stages. At the first stage victims are protected from repeated exploitation and given the necessary medical, social and psychological help. Rehabilitation begins at the second stage by creating an aid plan, raising goals and objectives. That is when with the help of formation of occupational and social skills women are motivated and encouraged to fight the outcomes of their experiences. Third stage deals with reintegration. Main work is directed towards family and friends of the victim; women are observed so they wouldn’t end up in the trafficking network again. Every victim is different and need an individual aid plan with regard to their needs and possibilities.

Research Methodology

Sample Social workers from Caritas Lithuania project “Aid to the Victims of Trafficking and Prostitution” participated in

this study. The interview took place at: Vilkaviskis diocese, Siauliai diocese, Telsiai diocese and Kaunas archdiocese.

Methods

Data collection. 5 respondents were interviewed. This interview was carried out at the Caritas Lithuania project “Aid to the Victims of Trafficking and Prostitution”. Respondents were selected using Kardelis (2002) target group formation principle allowing the researcher to select people who are most characteristic with regard to the study subject. Participants: one social worker from Marijampole – Vilkaviskis diocese, two social workers from Klaipeda – Telsiai diocese, one social worker from Siauliai – Siauliai diocese and one from Kaunas – Kaunas archdiocese.

Demographic characteristics of study participants: a) gender: 5 women; b) age average – 28 years; c) education: 3 higher university, 2 higher non‐university.

Data analysis. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis which is based on the following (Žydžiūnaitė, 2006): (1) the researcher reads the text several times, understands its content and meaning and has no preconceptions. (2) The text is “divided” into separate parts that reflect essential aspects and contexts in which these aspects exist. (3) Divided text is given as a separate subcategory. (4) Few subcategories are placed into one category.

Research Tool

Following issues were analyzed in the process of qualitative content analysis: How is the process of social rehabilitation for victims of prostitution and trafficking in women implemented? What skills does the victim acquire during rehabilitation?

Research Ethics

Benevolence principle. Right to be unharmed. Questions given to informants were designed and asked in a manner of preserving the invulnerability of the person. Usefulness of the study. Informants agreed to participate in this study because researchers have explained its usefulness and possibilities of improving problem‐solving process.

Principle of justice. Right to just and honest treating. Researchers have discussed all conditions of participation in this study with the informants. Researchers were given the possibility to ask questions about the study and get full information. Right to privacy. Informants were guaranteed on the anonymity and confidentiality regarding information given during the study. Right to get accurate information and status of informants. The informants were guaranteed that all given information will be used to achieve study objectives.

Results

Having completed qualitative content analysis of responses to the question “How is the process of social rehabilitation for victims of prostitution and trafficking implemented?”

6 categories were distinguished: social aid, psychological aid, communication network, material aid, ensuring safety.

Table 1 Process of social rehabilitation aid to the victims of prostitution and human trafficking

Category Subcategory Evidence

Help with documentation

“… usually all of them have no documents so we help them get new ones…” “…we help settle various documents, allowances…”; “…sign up for qualification enhancement courses or education institutions…”

Social aid

Development of life skills

“…they need to be taught basic skills of self care and hygiene…”; “…maternity skills…”; “…domestics skills…”; “… even self‐respect”

Psychological consultations

“…they see a specialist…”; “…get individual consultations by a psychologist…”; “…they want to see a psychologist, only are a little embarrassed…”

Psychological aid

Moral support “…they talk, feel better and feel supported and understood, no one judges them…”; “…they feel encouragement…”

Seeing a doctor “…they are tested for AIDS and HIV…”; “…sometimes are prescribed with medications…”; “…undergo gynecological examinations and treatment…”; “… need to be encouraged to go see a doctor…”

Communication with social service institutions

“…they are afraid to go there alone and when they do they don’t’ know how to describe their situation…”; “…we accompany them in various institutions and then the attitude towards these women is completely different and everything happens a lot faster…”

Communication network

Legal aid “…we hire a lawyer…”; “…a lawyer is a necessity…”; “…they help sue victims’ offenders…”; “…teach girls how to behave in the courtroom…”

Support with the necessities

“…when the girl gets sick we give her medicine…”; “…supply them with clothes, footwear, means of hygiene, soap, shampoo…”; “…supply pampers for women with small children…”; “…give children clothes and toys…”;

Material aid

Accommodation “…there is an apartment where girls can stay…”; “…give temporary accommodation…”

Safe confidential accommodation

“…if we think that the girl is in danger we settle her in a safe house so that her souteneur wouldn’t find her…”; “…we provide shelter from possible dangers and recurrence of situation…”

Ensuring safety

Help in search of work “…we constantly gather work ads…”; “…motivate them to work…”; “…we try to encourage them to find jobs…”

Responses of study participants proved that social rehabilitation is a complex process and social workers play an important role in helping victims of prostitution and human trafficking. First step in social rehabilitation is handling all relevant documents and then the formation of life skills (“…they need to be taught basic skills of self care and hygiene…”; “…maternity skills…”; “…domestics skills…”).

Having evaluated the level of the problem social worker starts creating a cooperation network with various organizations in order to ensure safety of their clients.

Social workers support every woman individually and accompany her in every step. As we can see, social support and rapid response are essential elements in the process of social rehabilitation as they help victims return to normal life faster (“…we accompany them in various institutions and then the attitude towards these women is completely different and everything happens a lot faster…”).

Results of the study allow us to state that ensuring safety is one of the fundamental elements of social rehabilitation (“…if we think that the girl is in danger we settle her in a safe house so that her souteneur wouldn’t find her…”). Physical safety of the person (“…we provide shelter from possible dangers and recurrence of situation…”) is not the only important thing in social rehabilitation; social security – possibility of having a job (“…we try to encourage them to find jobs…”) – is also important. Based on results of this study we see that social rehabilitation progress in two directions: development of new skills; integration into society. This confirms results of Ruškus and Mažeikienė (2005) research on the process of social rehabilitation of victims of prostitution. We can state that results of both Ruškus and Mažeikienė (2005) research and this study confirm that social rehabilitation consists of three stages: getting to victims and their intervention, rehabilitation and reintegration.

Purpose of social rehabilitation is to help victims acquire strong social and personal skills needed for easier integration into social life.

Question “What skills does the victim acquire during rehabilitation?” was used to determine the level of importance of social rehabilitation to victims of prostitution and in what ways it helps them return to social life and independent functioning.

Table 2 Skills acquired by victims of prostitution during social rehabilitation period

Category Subcategory Evidence

Interaction with familiar environment

“…restore relations with their families…”; “…find new friends…”; “…find a life partner and start a family…”

Development of empathy “…start to understand feelings of others and react to then differently…”; “…their attitude towards others changes…”

Social skills

Problem‐solving skills “…they register at the labor market and handle all documents…”; “…see doctors…”; “…they go to medical institutions if they need help and don’t wait for their condition to worsen…”; “…know when and where to apply for their allowances…”

Self‐confidence “…they gain self‐confidence…”; “…they start trusting their own strength and possibilities…”

Self‐control “…try to quit taking drugs…”; “…women with drinking problems start anonymous alcoholic meetings and strive for changes…”

Psychological resistance to social influence

“…they start to understand that they cannot trust strangers…”

Behaviour control “…they become more composed…”; “…calm…”; “…they stop yelling and become easier to talk to…”

Education “…they complete qualification courses…”; “…those who have no secondary education graduate schools…”

Personal skills

Career “…start working…”; “…find jobs…”

Two categories where distinguished after studying skills acquired by victims of prostitution and human trafficking during social rehabilitation period: social skills and personal skills. Social skills are necessary both in professional and everyday life. Person lacking such skills barely function within the society. According to Ruškus (2006) victims of prostitution and human trafficking especially lack these skills. This view is also confirmed by Leliūgienė (2008) who believes that formation and improvement of social skills are necessary for successful integration into society because their absence serve as a “disincentive” for integration. Thus we can state that social rehabilitation has been successful and useful for the victims of prostitution and human trafficking as we can clearly see their ability to restore relations with families and start new ones (“…find new friends…”; “…find a life partner and start a family…”).

Study results show that victims of prostitution and human trafficking learn how to express their feeling and empathically react to experiences of others (“…start to understand feelings of others and react to then differently…”). In a way, social worker helps these women express their feelings, understand themselves and feelings of other people, react empathically.

In the case of crisis however, social worker must take specific actions and show what must be done. People who experienced a crisis have psychological problems and their ability to think is damaged as they constantly feel fear and tension (Sipavičienė, 2004). Study results however showed that victims do learn to solve their problems (“…they register at the labor market and handle all documents…”; “…see doctors…”).

The interview had confirmed that victims of prostitution and human trafficking restore their personal skills. Six subcategories were separated in the category of personal skills: self‐confidence, self‐control, psychological resistance to social influence, behaviour control, education and career.

Victims of prostitution and human trafficking are inclined to conformist behaviour. Fear and shame reduce their self‐esteem. Therefore it is very important to help victims restore self‐esteem because knowing that you can control even an insignificant situation builds their self‐confidence (Sipavičienė, 2004). One of the highest achievements of social rehabilitation is the psychological resistance of victims to social influence (“…they start to understand that they

cannot trust strangers…”). And this shows that women understand issues of their behaviour and the lack of self‐ preservation sense.

During social rehabilitation victims learn self‐control (“…they become more composed…”; “…calm…”; “…they stop yelling and become easier to talk to…”), continue education (“…those who have no secondary education graduate schools…”), seek career (“…start working…”; “…find jobs…”). This proves that women successfully complete social rehabilitation, overcome their shame and self‐doubt, develop and improve social skills.

Summarizing the skills acquired by victims of prostitution and human trafficking during the period of social rehabilitation we see that personal skills were most noticeable, i.e. self‐confidence, control over behaviour and emotion, complete education programmes and find a job. These social skills help victims communicate freely find friends and restore relations with their families.

Social and personal skills give these women an opportunity to integrate into a full‐value social life and function as its equal member.

Conclusions

 Women who escape prostitution network usually have little or no life skills and so in order to help them integrate into social life and function properly they are involved in the process of social rehabilitation. This is when women get complex help divided into three stages: getting to victims and their intervention, rehabilitation and reintegration. At these stages victims are protected against further exploitation, they are provided with medical, psychological, legal and social aid and necessary items. Social rehabilitation is effective since it involves all specialists necessary to help victims return to normal life.

 Victims of prostitution and human trafficking acquire necessary social and personal skills during social rehabilitation. With the help of a social worker victims get in touch with their families and start new friendships. Social rehabilitation creates conditions to regain and improve personal skills which are directed towards recognizing self‐value and personal development and this determine a rational need for self‐respect and motivates them to strive for normal functioning within the community and society.

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Santrauka

SOCIALINĖS REABILITACIJOS PROCESAS NUKENTĖJUSIOMS NUO PROSTITUCIJOS IR PREKYBOS MOTERIMIS

AKVILĖ VIRBALIENĖ, SKAIDRĖ RAČKAUSKIENĖ

Reikšminiai žodžiai: socialinė reabilitacija, prostitucija, prekyba moterimis.

Straipsnyje analizuojamas socialinės reabilitacijos procesas dirbant su nukentėjusioms nuo prostitucijos ir prekyba moterimis. Prostitucijos ir prekybos moterimis aukos yra fiziškai ir psichologiškai pažeistos, joms yra sunku grįžti į pilnavertį gyvenimą, nes nuolat jaučia pažeminimą, trūksta asmeninių, socialinių įgūdžių, artimųjų ryšių. Todėl socialinė reabilitacija tampa būtina šiai klientų grupei. Viena pagrindinių vertimosi prostitucija priežasčių, tai didėjantis skurdas ir augantis nedarbas. Pačiai moteriai grįžti į pilnavertį visuomenės gyvenimą yra labai sunku, nes ji neturi ar yra praradusi tam reikalingus įgūdžius, yra nutrūkę ryšiai su artimais žmonėmis. Todėl socialinė reabilitacija šiai klientų grupei yra būtina. Socialinės reabilitacijos tikslas – teikti pagalbą moterims, kurios apgaule prekeivių žmonėmis buvo ar yra išvežtos į užsienio šalių ar Lietuvos viešnamius, bei moterimis, kurios sutiko bet kurioje šalyje būti įtrauktos į prostituciją, bet jaučiasi paniekintos, apgautos, žeminamos. Išsamių tyrimų apie socialinės reabilitacijos procesą nukentėjusioms nuo prostitucijos ir prekyba žmonėmis aukoms nėra. Todėl tyrimo problemą sudaro toks klausimas: Kaip vyksta socialinės reabilitacijos procesas aukoms?

Tyrimo objektas – socialinės reabilitacijos procesas nukentėjusioms nuo prostitucijos ir prekyba žmonėmis. Tyrimo tikslas: Atskleisti socialinės reabilitacijos procesą nukentėjusios nuo prostitucijos ir prekybą žmonėmis. Metodai. Duomenims rinkti taikytas pusiau struktūruotas interviu, o analizei – kokybinė turinio analizė. Tyrimo instrumentas. Kokybinės turinio (content) analizės procese buvo analizuojami tokie klausimai: Kaip

vyksta socialinės reabilitacijos procesas dirbant su nukentėjusiomis nuo prostitucijos s bei prekyba žmonėmis? Tyrimo imtis. Interviu metodu buvo apklausti 5 respondentai. Išvados. Auka, ištrūkusi iš prostitucijos tinklo, yra iš dalies arba visiškai praradusi gyvenimiškus įgūdžius. Siekiant

padėti aukai integruotis į pilnavertį visuomenės gyvenimą ir jame savarankiškai funkcionuoti, ji yra įtraukiama į socialinės reabilitacijos pagalbos procesą. Reabilitacijos proceso metu teikiama kompleksinė pagalba, kuri suskirstyta į tris etapus: aukų pasiekimas ir intervencija; reabilitacija; reintegracija. Šių etapų metu yra užtikrinamas aukos saugumas nuo tolesnio išnaudojimo, suteikiama medicininė, psichologinė, teisinė ir socialinė pagalba, bei auka aprūpinama būtiniausiai daiktais. Socialinės reabilitacijos pagalbos proceso teikimas aukai yra efektyvus, nes yra įtraukti visi būtiniausia specialistai, kurių reikia aukai siekiant grąžinti ją į pilnavertį visuomenės gyvenimą. Nukentėjusios nuo prostitucijos ir prekyba žmonėmis aukos socialinės reabilitacijos metu įgyja socialinius ir asmeninius įgūdžius. Socialinio darbuotojo pagalba, reabilitacijos metu, auka atstato nutrūkusius santykius su artimasis, užmezga naujus santykius su draugais. Socialinės reabilitacijos metu yra sudaromos sąlygos atkurti ir tobulinti asmeninius įgūdžius, kurie yra nukreipti į savo asmens vertės supratimą ir tobulinimą, o tai lemia racionalų suvokimą gerbti save ir siekti pilnavertiškai funkcionuoti tiek bendruomenėje, tiek visuomenėje.

Accepted for publication 30 March 2011 Priimtas publikuoti 2011 kovo 30

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