Sociology
Safwan
Soc205-Test4chap11121314openbook.docxTest 4
Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14
Open Book
Chapter 11
Fill in the blank.
1. __________________is a profit-driven economic system in which the raw materials and the means of producing and distributing goods and services are privately owned.
2. ________________is the most important characteristic of capitalism.
3. Capitalist systems are governed by law of supply and________________;that is, as consumer demand for a product or service increases, its price rises.
4. Karl Marx believed that _________________was driven by greed.
5. _________________is an economic system in which raw materials and the means of producing and distributing goods and services are collectively owned.
6. The _______________ state is a term that applies to an economic system that is a hybrid of capitalism and socialism. In this economic model, the government (through taxes) assumes a key role in providing social benefits to some or all of its citizens including unemployment, child care, Social Security, medical care, transportation, education (including college), and housing.
7. The __________________sector includes economic activities that generate or extract raw materials from the natural environment.
8. The ___________________sector consists of economic activities that transform raw materials from the primary sector into manufactured goods.
9. The _______________ sector encompasses economic activities related to delivering services such as health care or entertainment and to creating and distributing information.
10. __________________means “rule of the deity,” is a form of government in which political authority rests in the hands of religious leaders or a theologically trained elite group. The primary purpose of a theocracy is to uphold divine laws in its policies and practices. Thus, it recognizes no legal separation of church and state.
11. The ______________sharing model presents power as something held by an elite few.
12. The ____________________model presents power as dispersed among competing interest groups.
13. ______________________is a process by which a power maintains its dominance over foreign entities. Those in power use institutions (such as the World Bank and the United Nations) to formalize their power; work through bureaucratic structures “to make power seem abstract (and therefore, not attached to any one individual)”
14. In the former Soviet Union before it collapsed, it was labeled as a ________________economic system (capitalistic or communistic) Please write answer in the blank.
Chapter 12
Fill in the blank.
15. An ________________society is one where the number of years one can expect to live after age increases and fertility rates decline to below replacement level. Replacement level is the average number of children women must bear to sustain the size of an existing population.
16. _________________is a social institution that binds people together through blood, marriage, law, and/or social norms. Family members are generally expected to care for and support each other.
List five (5) functions of the family
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Fill in the blank.
22. __________________ refers to norms that require or encourage people to choose a partner from a social category other than their own—for example, a partner outside the immediate family and not a partner of the same sex.
23. ____________________refers to norms requiring or encouraging people to choose a partner from the same social category as their own—for example, a partner of the same sex, race, religion, or social class.
25. As the economic focus shifted from agriculture to __________________, the family became less involved in children’s lives.
26. When men engage in caregiving, their motives are often considered ______________________, and men may question their ability to provide such care, especially with regard to intimate aspects.
Chapter 13
Listing.
List five functions of education, according to the functionalist perspective.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32. The conflict perspective ultimately would see illiteracy as a product of _________________.
(discrimination, differences in racial genetics- Please write answer in the blank).
33.The ________________curriculum is the lessons conveyed by the teaching method, type of assignments, tests (multiple-choice versus essay), tone of the teacher’s voice, attitudes of classmates toward school, and the frequency of teacher absences, as just some examples. The hidden curriculum sends messages to students not only about the value of the subject but also about culturally valued ways of thinking and behaving.
34. In the United States, teachers are usually _________________ approachable. (more/less)
Please write the answer in the blank.
35. ___________________________ theory focuses on schooling as a sorting mechanism that disproportionately eliminates students from disadvantaged backgrounds.
36. Most students who drop out ____________________to drop out. (choose/do not choose).
Write the correct answer in the blank.
In addition to tests, social reproduction is carried out, albeit unintentionally, through other mechanisms including:
37.
38.
39.
Chapter 14
40. Durkheim defined _______________ as a a system of shared rituals and beliefs about the
sacred that bind together a community of worshippers.
41. The __________________includes everything that is regarded as extraordinary and that inspires in believers deep and absorbing sentiments of awe, respect, mystery, and reverence.
42. _________________ maintains that sacredness springs not from the item, ritual, or event itself, but rather from its symbolic power and from the emotions that people experience when they think about the sacred thing or when they are in its presence.
43. In ___________________ religions, followers seek the sacred in places, objects, and actions believed to house a god or a spirit. These locations may include inanimate objects (such as relics, statues, and crosses), animals, trees or other plants, foods, drink (such as wine and water), places, and certain processes (such as the way people prepare for a hunt or perform a dance).
44. In __________________ religions, the sacred revolves around items that symbolize historic events or around the lives, teachings, and writings of great people. Sacred books, such as the Christian Bible, the Muslim Koran, and the Jewish Tanakh, hold the records of these events and revelations.
45. In __________________religions, followers seek the sacred in transcendental states of being where earthly concerns seem to vanish. Direct union with the divine forces of the universe assumes the utmost importance.
46. The __________________ encompasses everything that is not considered sacred, including things opposed to the sacred (such as the unholy, the irreverent, and the blasphemous) and that stand apart from the sacred (such as the ordinary, the commonplace, the unconsecrated, and the bodily).
47. An _____________________ is a professionally trained religious organization governed by a hierarchy of leaders that claims everyone in a society as a member. Membership is not voluntary; it is the law.
48. A _________________is a small community of believers led by a lay ministry; it has no formal hierarchy, or official governing body, to oversee its various religious gatherings and activities. Sects are typically composed of people who broke away from a denomination because they came to view it as corrupt.
49. A ________________ is a very small, loosely organized religious groups, usually founded by a charismatic leader who attracts people by virtue of his or her personal qualities.
50. ___________________is a process in which religious influences on thoughts and behavior become increasingly irrelevant.
Test 4
Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14
Open Book
Chapter 11
Fill in the blank.
1.
__________________
is a profit
-
driven economic system in which the raw materials and
the means of producing and distributing goods and services are privately owned.
2.
________________
is the most important characteristic of capitalism.
3.
Capitalist systems are governed by
law of supply and________________;that is, as
consumer demand for a product or service increases, its price rises.
4.
Karl Marx believed that ____________
_____was driven by greed.
5.
_________________
is an economic system in which raw materials and the means of
producing and distributing goods and services are collectively owned.
6.
The _______________ state i
s a term that applies to an economic system that is a hybrid
of capitalism and socialism. In this economic model, the government (through taxes)
assumes a key role in providing social benefits to some or all of its citizens including
unemployment, child ca
re, Social Security, medical care, transportation, education
(including college), and housing.
7.
The __________________sector includes economic activities that generate or extract raw
materials from the natural environment.
8.
The ___________________sector con
sists of economic activities that transform raw
materials from the primary sector into manufactured goods.
Test 4
Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14
Open Book
Chapter 11
Fill in the blank.
1. __________________is a profit-driven economic system in which the raw materials and
the means of producing and distributing goods and services are privately owned.
2. ________________is the most important characteristic of capitalism.
3. Capitalist systems are governed by law of supply and________________;that is, as
consumer demand for a product or service increases, its price rises.
4. Karl Marx believed that _________________was driven by greed.
5. _________________is an economic system in which raw materials and the means of
producing and distributing goods and services are collectively owned.
6. The _______________ state is a term that applies to an economic system that is a hybrid
of capitalism and socialism. In this economic model, the government (through taxes)
assumes a key role in providing social benefits to some or all of its citizens including
unemployment, child care, Social Security, medical care, transportation, education
(including college), and housing.
7. The __________________sector includes economic activities that generate or extract raw
materials from the natural environment.
8. The ___________________sector consists of economic activities that transform raw
materials from the primary sector into manufactured goods.
