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Samuel Morgan
DEVELOPMENTAL OR NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER PRESENTATION.pptx
Summary 914 Words
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Samuel Morgan Grand Canyon University Psychopathology 11/22/2020
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ADHD is a chronic condition which affects numerous children and can persist into adulthood. It is characterized by a combination of persistent problems such as impulsivity, attention difficulty and hyperactivity (Tarver et. al., 2014). Children or patients with ADHD usually struggle with poor relationships skills, low self-esteem and poor performance or work execution.
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Introduction A chronic conditions Includes hyperactivity, attention difficulty and impulsiveness Starts in childhood and can continue to adulthood Children with ADHD struggles with poor performance in school, lo self-esteem and troubled relationships
ADHD is a chronic condition which affects numerous children and can persist into adulthood. It is characterized by a combination of persistent problems such as impulsivity, attention difficulty and hyperactivity (Tarver et. al., 2014). Children or patients with ADHD usually struggle with poor relationships skills, low self-esteem and poor performance or work execution. 3
Causes or factors triggering adhd The exact cause of ADHD is not clear Factors that may led to ADHD includes genetics, environment and central nervous systems problems at critical development stage. Others include prematurity, significant head injuries and prenatal exposures such as alcohol
The exact cause of ADHD is not clear. Research shows that some factors can increase the development of ADHD such as genetics, environment, central nervous systems problems at critical development stage, head injuries, prematurity and prenatal exposures such as alcoholism, smoking and substance abuse (Tarver et. al., 2014). Environmental factors such as exposure to lead can increase the chances of ADHD development.
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Risk factors of ADHD
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The risk factors of ADHD includes genetics or blood relatives such as sibling or parent with ADHD or other mental disorders, environmental toxins disorders such as lead, premature birth, maternal drug use especially alcohol and smoking, brain injuries, prenatal risks such as low birth weight and so on (Alderson et. al., 2013). 5
Signs and symptoms
Children with ADHD usually portrays a continuous pattern of three types of symptoms namely difficulty in being attentive (inattention), acting before/without thinking (impulsivity) and being overactive (hyperactivity). They usually overlook or miss details, not listening, make careless mistakes in school, problems in organizing activities, not following instructions, misplace important documents and so on (Tarver et. al., 2014). 6
Prevalence for adhd
Global prevalence of ADHD is about 2.2 percent in children. In the United States, approximately 6.1% of children and getting ADHD treatment. Most of these children are between 3 and 8 years. However, those with ADHD are between 3 and 15 years. In the last 8 years, the United States has recorded a 42 percent increase in children with ADHD. 7
Diagnosis
Diagnosing ADHD in children follows a set of strict criteria. The child must have 6 or more symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness for at least 6 months continuously. The child must have began showing these symptoms before the age of 12 years. The physician must consider the history of the symptoms, perform a clinical examination about them and clear investigating before diagnosing the disorder. 8
Treatment of ADHD
Treating ADHD helps children to relieve the symptoms and make it more less of a mental problems in their daily life. Two interventions for ADHD are psychotherapy and medications. However, a combination of the two is usually the best. Treatment is usually by a psychiatrist or pediatrician. 9
Medications for ADHD
There are five types of medications licensed for use during treatment of ADHD. These medicines includes dexamfetamine, atomoxetine, methylphenidate, guanfacine and lisdexamfetamine (Alderson et. al., 2013). These medicines are not a permanent cure for ADHD but helps to improve attention/concentration, be less impulse, stay calm or normal activity and practice and learn new skills. 10
Therapy treatment for adhd
Different therapies helps in treating ADHD in children. They are also effective in treating other problems such as anxiety disorders that appear with ADHD. The common therapies includes behavior therapy, psychoeducation, parent education and training programs, social skills training, exercise and diet (Hinshaw, 2018). The different types of therapies helps children to gain ability to concentrate, become less impulsive, stay calm or normal activity and practice and learn new skills.
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Combination of medication and therapy
When medications and therapy interventions for ADHD in children are used together, they become more effective and speedy in helping the children to improve their attentiveness and impulsivity. The interventions ensures that children can concentrate in class and listen to what they are told (Hinshaw, 2018). They also help these children to be less impulsive, stay calm and gain normal activity and increase their ability to learn new
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Conclusion ADHD is a common chronic condition among children. However, it can also persist into adulthood. The common characteristics of ADHD includes inattentiveness, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Medications and therapy works well in treating ADHD. While they does not cure fully, the help children in gaining attention, becoming less impulsive and staying calm.
ADHD is a common chronic condition among children. However, it can also persist into adulthood. The common characteristics of ADHD includes inattentiveness, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Medications and therapy works well in treating ADHD. While they does not cure fully, the help children in gaining attention, becoming less impulsive and staying calm.
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References Tarver, J., Daley, D., & Sayal, K. (2014). Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an updated review of the essential facts. Child: care, health and development, 40(6), 762- 774. Alderson, r. M., Kasper, L. J., Hudec, K. L., & Patros, C. H. (2013). Attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and working memory in adults: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology, 27(3), 287. Hinshaw, S. P. (2018). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): controversy, developmental mechanisms, and multiple levels of analysis. Annual review of clinical psychology, 14.
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