paper

Optimizing the SHA256 Hashing Algorithm in Bitcoin

Md Toheen Bhuiyan

Bhargavi Munagala

Manisha Reddy Madireddy

The security of bitcoins is completely dependent on SHA-256 in future quantum computers. Due to the many drawbacks in SHA-1 and MD5, people would see the benefit in changing the bitcoin public key, which is not vulnerable to quantum computers. [1] In cryptography system bitcoin with SHA 256 make a stronger connection in Bitcoin payment system. Bitcoin is a digital money and payment system built on established cryptographic technologies that operates without the need for a central administration, as traditional currencies do. The influence of quantum computing on Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies in general has been debated for a long time.[2]

As digital technology advances, security concerns grow. The SHA-256 algorithm was developed to address these concerns. hash algorithm is playing a main role in today's applications, which require a more secure physical implementation separate from the main processor, which generates high performance compared to software implementation. Due to its high-speed processor, it is very challenging to implement.[2]

The Economist, a renowned newspaper, explained bitcoin in April 2013. is here to stay, that it is the payment system of the future, and refers to it as "digital gold" [14]. This occurred at a time when the total value of bitcoins in circulation has surpassed $1 billion. Bitcoin has become a widely accepted financial instrument. At the minute of login, hash capacities can be utilized to authenticate clients. The passwords are spared within the shape of a message process to avoid getting to indeed by Database Directors (due to Hash digest's Pre-Image resistance). The message process of the entered watchword is computed and compared to the process put away within the database at whatever point a client tries to login and enters a watchword. In case it matches, the client has effectively logged in; else, the client has not been authenticated. [3].

The SHA-256 algorithm is highly secure and is used by US government agencies to protect sensitive information. Due to three qualities, such as the fact that extracting the original data from the hash is extremely difficult, this is referred to as a "high-secured method." To crack the hash value, a brute force attack requires 2256 attempts. The second point to mention is that there aren't many collisions. The final one is that if a little change is made to the actual text, it changes the hash values, which causes an avalanche effect because the new hash value isn't visible. [4]

SHA-256 is mainly used due to its no collisions till now, like no two different messages having the same hash function, and it also performs efficiently. The entire input message will be divided into small chunks, and then each chunk will depend on the previous one. [5]

Refrences

[1] Louis Tessler2,6 and Tim Byrnes State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physical and Material Sciences,East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, ChinaNew York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Ave, Pudong, Shanghai 200122, ChinaNYU-ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU Shanghai,3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai 200062, China National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA CEMS, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

[2] Suman, Rajiv Ranjan, Bhaskar Mondal, and Tarni Mandal. "A secure encryption scheme using a Composite Logistic Sine Map (CLSM) and SHA-256." Multimedia Tools and Applications (2022): 1-22.

[3] Nicolas T. Courtois1, M. G. (March, 2019). Optimizing SHA256 in Bitcoin Mining. 14.

[4]Courtois, N. T. (April 10,2014). The Unreasonable Fundamental Incertitudes. arXiv:1310.7935v3 [cs.CR], 48.

[5] H. Bensalem, Y. Blaquière and Y. Savaria, "Acceleration of the Secure Hash Algorithm-256 (SHA-256) on an FPGA-CPU Cluster Using OpenCL," 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2021, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/

[6] R. Wu, X. Zhang, M. Wang and L. Wang, "A High-Performance Parallel Hardware Architecture of SHA-256 Hash in ASIC," 22nd International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), pp. 1242-1247, doi: 10.23919/ICACT48636.2020.9061457.