9: Business Ethics, Technology, Risk, Issue, and Crisis Management (critical thinking)

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SEU_MGT630_Module09_PPT_Ch09.pptx

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Business & Society Ethics, Sustainability & Stakeholder Management 10th Edition

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Chapter 9 Business Ethics and Technology

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Learning Outcomes (1 of 2)

Identify and describe what the new world of Big Data is all about and the implications it holds for business.

Explain how social media have changed the world of business and technology.

Discuss how surveillance is a new dimension to being a consumer and an employee and what its implications are for stakeholders.

Articulate an understanding of technology and the technological environment.

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Learning Outcomes (2 of 2)

Identify the characteristics of technology to include their benefits, side effects, and challenges in business.

Comment on the relationship between technology and ethics.

Define information technology and discuss the issues relating to e-commerce in business.

Define biotechnology. Identify the ethical issues involved in genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

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Chapter Outline

The New World of Big Data

Technology and The Technological Environment

Characteristics of Technology

Technology and Ethics

Information Technology

Biotechnology

Summary

Key Terms

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Business Ethics & Technology

We live in an age dominated by advancing technology. Each new generation experiences technological advances that were not seen by previous generations.

The new generation of young people is called the iGeneration. Technology is part of their DNA, and they have no “off-switch.”

Technology is at the core of most businesses, but it is a two-edged sword.

Despite many positive advances, there are new problems and challenges.

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The New World of Big Data (1 of 2)

Big Data –

the tons of information that are out there and how businesses are striving to put it to work.

More information from more sources than ever before.

Businesses can access it as quickly as it’s generated.

Advantages of Big Data accompanied by new issues: data security, privacy, cybercrime.

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The New World of Big Data (2 of 2)

Social Media –

Cutting edge of business communication based on technology

Has a dark side where social and ethical issues arise.

Unfair reviews and how they respond to them are a constant challenge

Places more emphasis on instantaneous rather than accurate information

Surveillance –

Monitor customers’ and employees’ actions

For good, but possible abuses

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Technology and the Technological Environment

Technology -

The totality of the means employed to provide objects necessary for human sustenance and comfort.

A scientific method used to achieve a practical purpose.

Technological environment -

The total set of technology-based advancements or progress taking place in society.

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Characteristics of Technology

Benefits of Technology -

Increased production of goods and services

Reduced amount of labor needed to produce goods and services

Made labor easier and safer

Results in a higher standard of living

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Costs of Technology -

Technology has some unanticipated side effects:

Environmental pollution

Depletion of natural resources

Technological unemployment

Creation of unsatisfying jobs

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Challenges of Technology -

Data amnesia – forgetfulness from outsourcing from brains to digital devices.

Google Effect – knowing that information is easily accessible on the Internet, we are less likely to remember it.

Communications technology affects our brains, nervous systems, social abilities, relationships, mental health, physical health, and family structures.

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Technology and Ethics

Our perspective is to raise ethical questions that may be related to business development, and the use of technology.

Two Key Issues -

Technological determinism -

The idea that what can be developed will be developed.

Ethical lag -

Occurs when the speed of technological change far exceeds that of ethical development.

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Information Technology

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E-Commerce as a Pervasive Technology

Electronic Commerce -

Also called e-commerce, e-business, or Web-based marketing.

The Internet has reshaped the way business is conducted.

Online Scams – con artists are using the Internet to scam the unwary; including fake check scams, free gifts, phishing, Nigerian money offers, credit card fraud, travel scams, pyramid schemes, and investment opportunities.

Ongoing Issues in E-Commerce Ethics -

Access

Intellectual property

Privacy and informed consent

Protection of children

Security of information

Trust

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Invasion of Consumer Privacy via E-Commerce

Cookies -

Identification tags that websites drop on our personal-computer hard drives so they can recognize repeat visitors the next time we visit their Web sites.

Spam -

Unsolicited commercial e-mail. It is sent through "open-relays" to millions of persons.

Identity Theft -

Tampering with one’s financial accounts.

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Figure 9-1

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Government’s Involvement in Consumer Privacy Protection

Government is involved in consumer privacy, many think it is not doing enough.

In 2012 the White House issued a proposed a

Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights though it has not been adopted into law.

Individual Control

Transparency

Respect for Context

Security

Access and Accuracy

Focused Collection

Accountability

A proposed Consumer Privacy Protection Act of 2015 was still in committee.

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Business Initiatives with Consumer Privacy Protection

Ethical leadership

Privacy policies

Chief privacy officers

Data security

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Questionable Businesses and Practices

Made possible by electronic commerce and the use of the Internet.

Three business categories viewed as questionable:

Web-based pornography

Internet gambling

Web-based downloading of music, movies, books, and other copyrighted digital material

Illegal Downloading – represents theft of intellectual property

Monitoring Technology – raises questions when companies use technology to monitor consumers as they use a company’s products.

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The Workplace and Computer Technology (1 of 2)

Biometrics – the use of body measurements, like eye scans, fingerprints, or palm prints for determining and confirming identity

Robotics – use of industrial robots could double by 2018. People worry they will lose their jobs to robotics technology.

Artificial Intelligence – embraces software technologies that make a computer or robot perform equal to or better than normal human ability in accuracy, capacity, and speed.

Cell Phones and Texting – use of company phones, or using phones for business while driving is a business ethics topic.

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The Workplace and Computer Technology (2 of 2)

Unethical Actions by Employees

Created a potentially dangerous situation by using new technology while driving

Wrongly blamed an error the employee made on a technological glitch

Copied the company’s software for home use

Used office equipment to shop on the Internet for personal reasons

Used office equipment to network/search for another job

Accessed private computer files without permission

Used new technologies to intrude on coworkers’ privacy

Visited porn websites using office equipment

Company Actions – management should clearly define guidelines for ethical computer use by employees.

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Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics

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Biotechnology

Biotechnology -

Involves using biology to discover, develop, manufacture, market, and sell products and services. Biotechnology is striving to heal, fuel, and feed the world.

Bioethics -

A field that deals with the ethical issues embedded in the commercial use of biotechnology.

Proceduralism is the primary tool for bioethicists. It is using protocols to ensure that classical safeguards are not violated.

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Realms of Biotechnology

Genetic Engineering

Genetically Modified Foods

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Genetic Engineering

Stem cell research

Cloning

Cloning Animals for Food

Genetic testing and profiling

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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Also referred to as genetically engineered organisms (GEOs)

Fear over health and environmental effects; critics call them “Frankenfoods.”

Many U.S. crops are genetically modified:

Sugar beets (95%)

Soybeans (91%)

Cotton (88%)

Corn (85%)

Most Americans consume genetically modified organisms every day.

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Labeling of GMOs -

Safety of GMOs is not in question, according to scientific research.

But one of the most frequently discussed issues with GMOs is labeling.

FDA does not mandate GMO labeling in the U.S.

The Non-GMO Project believes that people have the right to make informed choices about whether they consume GMO products.

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Key Terms

Artificial intelligence

Big Data

bioethics

biometrics

Biotechnology

botnets

botnet scam

chief privacy officer

cloning

Digital amnesia

electronic commerce

embryonic stems cells

ethical lag

genetic engineering

genetic profiling

genetic testing

genetically modified foods (GMFs)

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Google effect

Information technology

identity theft

online scams

phishing

Spam

technoethics

technological determinism

technological environment

technology

therapeutic cloning

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9: Business Ethics, Technology, Risk, Issue, and Crisis Management (critical thinking)

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