answer two of the three questions listed below in an essay format.
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Sept3020CHAPTER3.pdf
Prepared by Karen D. Hughes, William Silver, and Harvey J. Krahn, University of Alberta
Chapter 3
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Review
• Mobilie Labour • EL CONTRATO
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Interactive Service and Emotion Work § Emotional labour
§ Managing emotions at work
§ “Feeling rules” § “Surface acting” versus “deep acting”
§ Emotional dissonance: self-estrangement at work?
§ “Emotional proletariat” or “privileged emotional managers”?
§ What role do customers play in controlling worker behaviour? § Moving beyond employer–employee dyad to a
“triangle of power”? 3
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Employment-Related Geographical Mobility • Travel to from and within work and time away from
home • Spectrum • Local, regional, national, international • Time traveling • Time away from home • Organization of your day
• How does it affect your working conditions??? • How does it affect your health???
• Break out rooms - discuss your employment-related geographical mobility
1) Demographic Changes
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Workforce Aging § Wide implications of population aging
§ Job opportunities, pensions, work values, organizational structures, economic growth
§ The “baby boom” generation § Work opportunities for younger workers?
§ Career plateaus for baby boomers
§ Aging and the pyramid structure of organizations § Increased competition
§ Age distribution: decline in relative proportion of teenagers and young adults over past three decades
§ Future of social safety nets (e.g., pension plans)? 6
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Age Distribution of the Labour Force by Gender, Canada, 1976 and 2012
Immigration and Diversity § Changing source countries of immigrants
§ China, India, Pakistan, Philippines
§ Increased “visible diversity” of the workforce
§ Why shifting source countries? § Changing immigration policies
§ Higher demand to emigrate from Asia and Middle East
§ Lower demand to emigrate from Europe
§ Immigrants and Aboriginal Canadians younger, and will make up a larger proportion of workforce as older Canadians retire 8
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Rising Education § Changes in “educational attainment”
§ More women and men with postsecondary credentials
§ Lifelong learning and learning organizations § Continuous formal/informal education throughout
adult life
§ Rising underemployment § What happens when education and training don’t
match job requirements?
§ Younger Canadians more likely to be underemployed § Underemployment and job content
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Educational Attainment of the Labour Force by Gender, Canada, 1975 and 2012
2) Labour Force Participation Changes
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Labour Force Participation (LFP) § LFP = Number of individuals 15 years of age or
older who are working for pay and those looking for work (i.e., the unemployed)
§ Who counts as the unemployed? § Out of work but have actively looked for work in the
past four weeks
§ Gender differences in LFP § How can we account for the shrinking gender gap in
LFP?
§ Differences in LFP for Aboriginal Canadians, people with disabilities, younger/older Canadians
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Figure 3.3 Labour Force Participation Rates by Gender, Canada, 1976–2012
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Figure 3.4 Youth Labour Force Participation Rates by Gender, Canada, 1976–2012
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3) Industrial Shifts
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Industrial Shifts § Changes in size of primary, secondary, tertiary
(service) sectors
§ Growth of service sector § Service: exchange of a commodity that has no
tangible form
§ 78 percent of employed Canadians held service- sector job in 2012
§ Diversity within the service sector § Upper tier (distributive, business, education, health
and welfare, public administration) § Lower tier (retail trade, consumer services)
§ Gender and age differences in service-sector employment?
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Table 3.1 Industry by Gender, Employed Population, Canada, 2012
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4) Occupational Changes
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Occupational Changes § Occupation: determined by the work or actual
tasks that an individual completes § Categorizing occupations in Canada
§ National Occupational Classification (NOC)
§ Blue- and white-collar work § Fewer blue-collar jobs over time (declines in primary
occupations and manufacturing occupations)
§ Growth of white-collar jobs § Patterns a result of restructuring in the goods-
producing sector and expansion of service sector
§ Pink-collar jobs § Heavy concentration of women in clerical, sales, and
service occupations
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Table 3.2 Occupation by Gender, Employed Population, Canada, 1987 and 2012
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Occupation by Gender
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Occupation by Gender
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5) Regional Differences
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Regional Differences § Regional distribution of industries across
Canada § Agriculture jobs in Manitoba and Saskatchewan
§ Resource-based industries on the East Coast and in British Columbia
§ Oil and gas workers in Alberta § Manufacturing industries in Quebec and Ontario
§ Regional dependence on natural resources § “Single-industry towns”
§ Staple theory of economic growth: “overcommitment to extraction and export of a single or few resources makes a nation or region vulnerable to world markets” (p. 84 of text)
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Table 3.3 Industry by Region, Employed Population, Canada, 2012
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Summary of Key Ideas and Concepts § Demographic shifts § “Baby boom” generation § Age distribution § Social safety nets § Visible diversity § Visible minority § Educational attainment § Lifelong learning and
learning organizations § Underemployment § Labour force participation § Primary, secondary, tertiary
sectors § Upper- and lower-tier
services § Occupation § White-, blue-, pink-collar
occupations § Staple theory of economic
growth
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