answer two of the three questions listed below in an essay format.
YYHZ
Sept2820chapter2and3.pdf
Prepared by Karen D. Hughes, William Silver, and Harvey J. Krahn, University of Alberta
Chapter 2 & 3
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Outline
• Chapter 2 – contemporary theories review • E-RGM • El Contrato
• Chapter 3 Canadian Employment trends
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Pierre Bourdieu§ Field: structured social relationships; struggles for position and resources § Habitus: “the dispositions, lifestyles, and
values of social groups that are acquired as part of belonging to that collectivity” (pp. 48-49 of text)
§ Capital: § How can we differentiate between
different types of capital (e.g., economic, social, cultural, symbolic)?
• https://www.openhorizons.org/pierre-bourdieu-on- social-and-cultural-capital.html
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Ulrich Beck§ The Risk Society (1992)§ Shift toward flexible labour markets; part- time, temporary jobs; less pay; less security
§ Reflexivity and individualization § More varied paths through life
course § Global competition for work § Heightened skill/credential
requirements § Erosion of social safety nets
§ The “individualization” of risk
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Michel Foucault § Views on power as diffused
§ Power operates through discourse and knowledge.
§ Power is NOT a resource wielded by individuals.
§ Surveillance and self-discipline § Why is the Panopticon a
helpful metaphor? § How can we apply Foucault’s
ideas to contemporary organizations?
§ https://ethics.org.au/ethics- explainer-panopticon-what-is-the- panopticon-effect/
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Interactive Service and Emotion Work § Emotional labour
§ Managing emotions at work
§ “Feeling rules” § “Surface acting” versus “deep acting”
§ Emotional dissonance: self-estrangement at work?
§ “Emotional proletariat” or “privileged emotional managers”?
§ What role do customers play in controlling worker behaviour? § Moving beyond employer–employee dyad to a
“triangle of power”? 6
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Mobile Workers and Mobile Work
§ Mobile bodies: flows of people between countries § e.g., transnational caregivers, temporary
foreign workers (TFWs) § Flows of people within countries
§ Growing “employment-related mobility” within Canada
§ e.g., Alberta’s oil sands § Mobility and employment insurance for workers § What has been the impact of mobile
technologies? § e.g., telecommuting, hot-desk, virtual
teams
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Employment-Related Geographical Mobility • Travel to from and within work and time away from
home • Spectrum • Local, regional, national, international • Time traveling • Time away from home • Organization of your day
• How does it affect your working conditions??? • How does it affect your health???
• Break out rooms - discuss your employment-related geographical mobility
1) El Contrato
2) Changing workforce
1) Demographic Changes
3) Labour Force Participation Changes
4) Industrial Shifts
5) Occupational Changes
6) Regional Differences
Outline
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El Contrato
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Summary of Key Ideas and Concepts § Managerial revolution § Postindustrialism § Deindustrialization § Industrial restructuring § Globalization
§ Economic, technological, political, cultural
§ Logic of industrialism thesis § The creative class § Michel Foucault
§ Power § Panopticon
§ Pierre Bourdieu § Field, habitus § Forms of capital
§ Ulrich Beck § Reflexivity and
individualization § Interactive service work § Emotional labour § Employment-related mobility
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Prepared by Karen D. Hughes, William Silver, and Harvey J. Krahn, University of Alberta
Chapter 3 Canadian Employment Trends
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1) Demographic Changes
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Workforce Aging § Wide implications of population aging
§ Job opportunities, pensions, work values, organizational structures, economic growth
§ The “baby boom” generation § Work opportunities for younger workers?
§ Career plateaus for baby boomers
§ Aging and the pyramid structure of organizations § Increased competition
§ Age distribution: decline in relative proportion of teenagers and young adults over past three decades
§ Future of social safety nets (e.g., pension plans)? 14
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Age Distribution of the Labour Force by Gender, Canada, 1976 and 2012
Immigration and Diversity § Changing source countries of immigrants
§ China, India, Pakistan, Philippines
§ Increased “visible diversity” of the workforce
§ Why shifting source countries? § Changing immigration policies
§ Higher demand to emigrate from Asia and Middle East
§ Lower demand to emigrate from Europe
§ Immigrants and Aboriginal Canadians younger, and will make up a larger proportion of workforce as older Canadians retire 16
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Rising Education § Changes in “educational attainment”
§ More women and men with postsecondary credentials
§ Lifelong learning and learning organizations § Continuous formal/informal education throughout
adult life
§ Rising underemployment § What happens when education and training don’t
match job requirements?
§ Younger Canadians more likely to be underemployed § Underemployment and job content
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Educational Attainment of the Labour Force by Gender, Canada, 1975 and 2012
2) Labour Force Participation Changes
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Labour Force Participation (LFP) § LFP = Number of individuals 15 years of age or
older who are working for pay and those looking for work (i.e., the unemployed)
§ Who counts as the unemployed? § Out of work but have actively looked for work in the
past four weeks
§ Gender differences in LFP § How can we account for the shrinking gender gap in
LFP?
§ Differences in LFP for Aboriginal Canadians, people with disabilities, younger/older Canadians
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Figure 3.3 Labour Force Participation Rates by Gender, Canada, 1976–2012
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Figure 3.4 Youth Labour Force Participation Rates by Gender, Canada, 1976–2012
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3) Industrial Shifts
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Grioup work
• In small groups • 1. review Table 3.2 • What changes do you notice in the this
table (men and women occupations?) • Table 3.3 • What provinces have • The highest % of workers employed in agriculture? • The highest % pf workers employed in the natural resource-
based industries • The highest % of workers working in Construction? • What province has the highest % of the workforce in
education/health/welfare • What province has the highest % of workers in the goods-
producing sector? 24
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Industrial Shifts § Changes in size of primary, secondary, tertiary
(service) sectors
§ Growth of service sector § Service: exchange of a commodity that has no
tangible form
§ 78 percent of employed Canadians held service- sector job in 2012
§ Diversity within the service sector § Upper tier (distributive, business, education, health
and welfare, public administration) § Lower tier (retail trade, consumer services)
§ Gender and age differences in service-sector employment?
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Table 3.1 Industry by Gender, Employed Population, Canada, 2012
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4) Occupational Changes
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Occupational Changes § Occupation: determined by the work or actual
tasks that an individual completes § Categorizing occupations in Canada
§ National Occupational Classification (NOC)
§ Blue- and white-collar work § Fewer blue-collar jobs over time (declines in primary
occupations and manufacturing occupations)
§ Growth of white-collar jobs § Patterns a result of restructuring in the goods-
producing sector and expansion of service sector
§ Pink-collar jobs § Heavy concentration of women in clerical, sales, and
service occupations
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Table 3.2 Occupation by Gender, Employed Population, Canada, 1987 and 2012
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5) Regional Differences
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Regional Differences § Regional distribution of industries across
Canada § Agriculture jobs in Manitoba and Saskatchewan
§ Resource-based industries on the East Coast and in British Columbia
§ Oil and gas workers in Alberta § Manufacturing industries in Quebec and Ontario
§ Regional dependence on natural resources § “Single-industry towns”
§ Staple theory of economic growth: “overcommitment to extraction and export of a single or few resources makes a nation or region vulnerable to world markets” (p. 84 of text)
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Table 3.3 Industry by Region, Employed Population, Canada, 2012
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Summary of Key Ideas and Concepts § Demographic shifts § “Baby boom” generation § Age distribution § Social safety nets § Visible diversity § Visible minority § Educational attainment § Lifelong learning and
learning organizations § Underemployment § Labour force participation § Primary, secondary, tertiary
sectors § Upper- and lower-tier
services § Occupation § White-, blue-, pink-collar
occupations § Staple theory of economic
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