Caps Assignment W5

Running Head: SCIENTIFIC AND MATHEMATICAL PERSPECTIVES OF INQUIRY 1

SCIENTIFIC AND MATHEMATICAL PERSPECTIVES OF INQUIRY 1

Scientific and Mathematical Perspectives of Inquiry

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Scientific and Mathematical Perspectives of Inquiry

Introduction

Gestational Diabetes refers to a condition that appears in the later pregnancy stages where the mother has insulin resistance, leading to glucose intolerance. Like any other diabetes, it affects how the body's cells use sugar, glucose. The cause of it is not precisely known, but it is in most cases related to excess weight in women, lack of physical activities, among other factors. When a glucose intolerance is first detected during pregnancy, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) occurs, affecting 26 million Americans (Chihani et al., 2020). Vascular damage and long-term nerve may happen in pregnant women who have blood glucose levels that are uncontrolled. The available treatments tend to focus on reducing, controlling, and reducing blood sugar levels. The treatments brought forward and recommended include nutrition, control of weight, and educational components.

In most cases, intense treatment may be required, such as insulin to stabilize blood glucose levels (Chiefari et al., 2017). In most cases, the women with gestational diabetes' blood sugar levels return to normal after they have delivered. But in other cases, if they have had gestational Diabetes, they may be exposed to other forms of Diabetes. Gestational Diabetes affects even the baby to be delivered. It may cause overweight of the baby or even early birth, among other compilations like serious breathing difficulties of the baby (Kimber- Trojnar et al., 2018). The research questions brought forward will be which body systems are affected? And which are the economic issues involved?

Anatomy refers to the study of the structure of organisms and their body parts. It is characterized by an understanding of the various functions of the body parts and human body structures. Physiological issues refer to a condition where the body organ malfunction causes illness, for instance, Diabetes and asthma (Kimber- Trojnar et al., 2018). The physiological issues related to the body organs not functioning normally due to the cellular structures have changed over time, thus causing illness or even malfunctioning of the body organs. Pathology refers to the study of the effects and causes of diseases or injury. Pathologists began to understand the existence of disease-causing germs such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi and how they can reproduce and multiply. Pathological issues, therefore, result from this study of the causative agents. Epidemiology is the study of determinants and distribution of health-related events or states in a particular population and applying the study of the health control-related problems (Kimber- Trojnar et al., 2018).

In most cases, it uses the medical model of health to determine the specific diseases and states related to health. Some of the epidemiology-related issues include population, mortality rate, and morbidity (Chihani et al., 2020). The research question posed is how the anatomical, physiological, pathological, or epidemiological issues addressed in gestational Diabetes are? How are the statistical issues used to curb gestational Diabetes?

Complications during pregnancy are health concerns that involve the mother's health and that of the unborn baby. Some women have health-related concerns before they become pregnant, which may lead to them developing complications before and even during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) (Chiefari et al., 2017). The pregnant women who haven't been diagnosed before with Diabetes and become affected by the high glucose levels are perceived to be having GDM. How can the gestation diabetes mellitus be prevented? Does an elevated body mass index pre-pregnancy increase the risk of the mother for developing GDM? About an analysis done in 2014 by the centers for Disease Control and Prevention, gestational Diabetes is prevailing at a rate as high as 9.2%. The specific cause is unknown, and the placenta is among the major causes of Gestational Diabetes. The placenta's main role is to help the baby grow in the womb, and the hormones present in the placenta help the baby develop (Kimber- Trojnar et al., 2018). These hormones may, to some point, block the mother's insulin action in her body, and this problem results in insulin resistance, thus making it hard for the body of the mother to make the insulin needed, which is about four times more during the pregnancy period. Gestational Diabetes happens when the mother's body cannot produce and use all the needed insulin for the pregnancy. Thus, the insulin builds up causes increased glucose levels called hyperglycemia. Gaining weight and other body changes resulting in the body's cells using the insulin available less effectively than they are supposed to (Mclntyre et al., 2019).

The most convenient way to reduce the risk of developing gestational Diabetes is by becoming healthy before the pregnancy. Keeping track and monitoring sugar intake levels will reduce the chances of gestational Diabetes. Also, the physical activities during and before pregnancy have proven to reduce the risk rate, and this is under the Center for Disease Control. The women physically active, mostly 4 hours a week before pregnancy, are likely to lower the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus by about 60% or even more (Chihani et al., 2020). Many of the overweight women have straight forward pregnancy and deliver healthy babies. However, it does increase the risk compilations of both the baby and mother. The anatomical issues are addressed in gestational Diabetes in that. From the developed study, the professional can easily tell how to help a pregnant mother and control it from affecting the baby effectively. It helps administer the necessary treatment, which is required since it involves studying the structure of people, their organs, systems, and tissues (Kimber- Trojnar et al., 2018).

The Physiological disorders result from the normal functioning of the body being tampered with or changing; they need to be addressed to ensure that they don't affect the baby's health. Some of the physiological disorders include personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, sleep disorders, among others. Gestational diabetes mellitus need to be addressed with several measures stated to ensure it doesn't occur (Chiefari et al., 2017). Pathological issues are essential in understanding gestational Diabetes since they help establish the causes of the diseases and the various means of preventing its occurrence. Therefore, pathological issues need to be addressed to prevent the occurrence of the disease effectively. The epidemiological issues such as population need to be taken into account in determining the spread of the disease and how many women are affected by the GDM. The various epidemiology methods can be used to define the health needs in terms of gestation diabetes distribution. The epidemiological study can be, to some point time consuming and expensive (Chihani et al., 2020).

Research done evaluates the effect of maternal body mass index on gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy risk outcomes in overweight women, especially. A total of 1200 women were recruited between 10 and 20 weeks’ gestation period with a BMI above 25kg/m and grouped into subclasses that utilize the world health organization method (Chihani et al., 2020). They underwent a fasting oral glucose tolerance test at the 27-29 week of pregnancy, and a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus was conducted if the fasting glucose was above 5.5. The maternal and neonatal outcomes of health were evaluated. Out of the conducted study, the results indicated that GDM occurrence increased with the increase in the BMI of maternal women that is BMI 7.62% overweight versus 13.42%. There was also an increased demand for delivery through the C-section. Thus the statistical related to the gestation diabetes mellitus indicated an increase in maternal BMI indicates the significance of risk for GDM development among pregnant women (Meo & Hassain, 2016).

Therefore, gestational diabetes mellitus is intolerant glucose, which is recorded for the first time during pregnancy. It is a short-term form of Diabetes and is the most frequent health hazard among pregnant women (Chiefari et al., 2017). Even though research isn't clear about who may develop Gestational Diabetes, getting to know the potential risk factors is important in reducing the chances of GDM among pregnant women. The relevance of how the anatomic, physiological, pathological, or epidemiological issues relate to gestation is also crucial for its prevention. With the available statistical data, it is important to identify the various methods that can be applied to ensure it is effectively reduced.

References

Chiefari, E., Arcidiacono, B., Foti, D., & Brunetti, A. (2017). Gestational diabetes mellitus: an updated overview. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 40(9), 899-909.

Chihani, B., Djaballah, C., & Derouiche, S. (2020). Analysis of Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes in El Oued (Algeria) Population. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 10(3).

Kimber-Trojnar, Ż., Patro-Małysza, J., Trojnar, M., Skórzyńska-Dziduszko, K. E., Bartosiewicz, J., Oleszczuk, J., & Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, B. (2018). Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4—An “Inauspicious” Adipokine—In Serum and Urine of Post-Partum Women with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of clinical medicine, 7(12), 505.

McIntyre, H. D., Catalano, P., Zhang, C., Desoye, G., Mathiesen, E. R., & Damm, P. (2019). Gestational diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 5(1), 1-19.

Meo, S. A., & Hassain, A. (2016). Metabolic physiology in pregnancy. J. Pak. Med. Assoc, 66(9), 8-10.