| Objective | Details |
| Access and Create Data Structures |
| Create temporary and permanent SAS data sets. | - Use a DATA step to create a SAS data set from an existing SAS data set. |
| Investigate SAS data libraries using base SAS utility procedures. | - Use a LIBNAME statement to assign a library reference name to a SAS library. |
| | - Investigate a library programmatically using the CONTENTS procedure. |
| Access data. | - Access SAS data sets with the SET statement. |
| | - Use PROC IMPORT to access non-SAS data sources. |
| | Read delimited and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) files with PROC IMPORT. |
| | Use PROC IMPORT statement options (OUT=, DBMS=, REPLACE) |
| | Use the GUESSINGROWS statement |
| | - Use the SAS/ACCESS XLSX engine to read a Microsoft Excel workbook.xlsx file. |
| Combine SAS data sets. | - Concatenate data sets. |
| | - Merge data sets one-to-one. |
| | - Merge data sets one-to-many. |
| Create and manipulate SAS date values. | - Explain how SAS stores date and time values. |
| | - Use SAS informats to read common date and time expressions. |
| | - Use SAS date and time formats to specify how the values are displayed. |
| Control which observations and variables in a SAS data set are processed and output. | - Use the WHERE statement in the DATA step to select observations to be processed. |
| | - Subset variables to be output by using the DROP and KEEP statements. |
| | - Use the DROP= and KEEP= data set options to specify columns to be processed and/or output. |
| Manage Data |
| Sort observations in a SAS data set. | - Use the SORT Procedure to re-order observations in place or output to a new dataset. |
| | - Remove duplicate observations with the SORT Procedure. |
| Conditionally execute SAS statements. | - Use IF-THEN/ELSE statements to process data conditionally. |
| | - Use DO and END statements to execute multiple statements conditionally. |
| Use assignment statements in the DATA step. | - Create new variables and assign a value. |
| | - Assign a new value to an existing variable. |
| | - Assign the value of an expression to a variable. |
| | - Assign a constant date value to a variable. |
| Modify variable attributes using options and statements in the DATA step. | - Change the names of variables by using the RENAME= data set option. |
| | - Use LABEL and FORMAT statements to modify attributes in a DATA step. |
| | - Define the length of a variable using the LENGTH statement. |
| Accumulate sub-totals and totals using DATA step statements. | - Use the BY statement to aggregate by subgroups. |
| | - User first. and last. processing to identify where groups begin and end. |
| | - Use the RETAIN and SUM statements. |
| Use SAS functions to manipulate character data, numeric data, and SAS date values. | - Use SAS functions such as SCAN, SUBSTR, TRIM, UPCASE, and LOWCASE to perform tasks such as the tasks shown below. |
| | Replace the contents of a character value. |
| | Trim trailing blanks from a character value. |
| | Search a character value and extract a portion of the value. |
| | Convert a character value to upper or lowercase. |
| | - Use SAS arithmetic, financial, and probability functions to create or modify numeric values by using the INT and ROUND functions. |
| | - Create SAS date values by using the functions MDY, TODAY, DATE, and TIME. |
| | - Extract the month, year, and interval from a SAS date value by using the functions YEAR, QTR, MONTH, and DAY. |
| | - Perform calculations with date and datetime values and time intervals by using the functions INTCK, INTNX, DATDIF and YRDIF. |
| Use SAS functions to convert character data to numeric and vice versa. | - Explain the automatic conversion that SAS uses to convert values between data types. |
| | - Use the INPUT function to explicitly convert character data values to numeric values. |
| Process data using DO LOOPS. | - Explain how iterative DO loops function. |
| | - Use DO loops to eliminate redundant code and to perform repetitive calculations. |
| | - Use conditional DO loops. |
| | - Use nested DO loops. |
| Restructure SAS data sets with PROC TRANSPOSE. | - Select variables to transpose with the VAR statement. |
| | - Rename transposed variables with the ID statement. |
| | - Process data within groups using the BY statement. |
| | - Use PROC TRANSPOSE options (OUT=, PREFIX= and NAME=). |
| Use macro variables to simplify program maintenance. | - Create macro variables with the %LET statement |
| | - Use macro variables within SAS programs. |
| Error Handling |
| Identify and resolve programming logic errors. | - Use the PUTLOG Statement in the Data Step to help identify logic errors. |
| | - Use PUTLOG to write the value of a variable, formatted values, or to write values of all variables. |
| | - Use PUTLOG with Conditional logic. |
| | - Use temporary variables N and ERROR to debug a DATA step. |
| Recognize and correct syntax errors. | - Identify the characteristics of SAS statements. |
| | - Define SAS syntax rules including the typical types of syntax errors such as misspelled keywords, unmatched quotation marks, missing semicolons, and invalid options. |
| | - Use the log to help diagnose syntax errors in a given program. |
| Generate Reports and Output |
| Generate list reports using the PRINT procedure. | - Modify the default behavior of PROC PRINT by adding statements and options such as |
| | use the VAR statement to select and order variables. |
| | calculate totals with a SUM statement. |
| | select observations with a WHERE statement. |
| | use the ID statement to identify observations. |
| | use the BY statement to process groups. |
| Generate summary reports and frequency tables using base SAS procedures. | - Produce one-way and two-way frequency tables with the FREQ procedure. |
| | - Enhance frequency tables with options (NLEVELS, ORDER=). |
| | - Use PROC FREQ to validate data in a SAS data set. |
| | - Calculate summary statistics and multilevel summaries using the MEANS procedure |
| | - Enhance summary tables with options. |
| | - Identify extreme and missing values with the UNIVARIATE procedure. |
| Enhance reports system user-defined formats, titles, footnotes and SAS System | - Use PROC FORMAT to define custom formats. |
| reporting options. | VALUE statement |
| | CNTLIN= option |
| | - Use the LABEL statement to define descriptive column headings. |
| | - Control the use of column headings with the LABEL and SPLIT=options in Proc Print output. |
| Generate reports using ODS statements. | - Identify the Output Delivery System destinations. |
| | - Create HTML, PDF, RTF, and files with ODS statements. |
| | - Use the STYLE=option to specify a style template. |
| | - Create files that can be viewed in Microsoft Excel. |
| Export data | - Create a simple raw data file by using the EXPORT procedure as an alternative to the DATA step. |
| | - Export data to Microsoft Excel using the SAS/ACCESS XLSX engine. |
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