Statistics Assignment Lab

Running head: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS IN CONCUSSIONS 1

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS IN CONCUSSIONS 9

Descriptive Statistics in Concussions

SAMPLE WEEK 3 LAB

Chamberlain University

Descriptive Statistics in Concussions

To complete each search, the link https://library.chamberlain.edu/home was selected and the ProQuest Nursing option was chosen. As instructed, the first search was conducted by using the underlined word in the article selected. The article selected was, Demographic, parental, and personal factors and youth athletes' concussion -related knowledge and beliefs. The word concussion was typed in the search box. The search options used were full text, peer reviewed, last 12 months, and English. The results were the following:

The first search using the underlined word concussion and the above listed search options resulted with 374 results.

The next two searches were completed with the same parameters (full text, peer reviewed, last 12 months, and English) and a portion of the article name. The results were the following:

The first search contained a portion of the article with the words, youth athletes' concussion -related knowledge and beliefs.

9 results were found:

The second search contained a portion of the article with the words, demographic, parental, and personal factors and youth athletes' concussion.

2 results were found:

To find the actual article, the 12-month date range had to be removed. Even with the full article title, 20 results were found.

Descriptive Statistics in Concussions Appropriate diagnosis and management of children and teens with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), including concussion, can help safeguard our youth (CDC, 2020). Unfortunately, at this time, there are no U.S. guidelines that help clinicians determine the best and appropriate care.  According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), in 2014 there were approximately 2.87 million TBI-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in the US, including over 837,000 of these health events among children (CDC, 2020). These injuries are complex and difficult to manage and keeping our youth healthy is a top priority. Being knowledgeable about sport related brain injuries and concussions can help minimize the risk of serious and deadly effects. With significant attention focused on improving care of youth traumatic brain injuries and concussions, it is alarming that little research has been done to examine young athletes’ concussion knowledge and the factors that influence it. In article, Demographic, Parental, and Personal Factors and Youth Athletes’ Concussion-Related Knowledge and Beliefs, descriptive statistics were used to examine the concussion-knowledge totals, individual knowledge questions, and concussion-perception questions (Register-Mihalik, Williams, Marshall, Linnan Mihalik, & Guskiewicz, 2018). The research design included a cross-sectional survey of youth athletes participating in community sport or on middle school sports teams. A convenience sample was performed on 225 North Carolina and Arizona youth athletes, ages 8 to 15, and active in boys or girl’s football, soccer, ice hockey, or lacrosse in 2012 to 2013. A total of 234 parents of the same youth athletes were also surveyed. The survey captured data on youth athletes’ and parent’s knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about concussion, recognition, response, and the need to seek care. The basics of the study include the demographics characteristics that include the following: Demographic characteristics broken down by state, sex, sport, concussion education, and concussion history. Frequency percentage that included each state - Arizona and North Carolina, both sex - male and female, sport category – boys and girl’s football, boys and girls lacrosse, boys and girls ice hockey, boys and girls soccer. Although this information is the basics of the study, the demographic characteristics and frequency is important to understand where and how the data was collected. This survey can be considered bias as it only focuses on four sports with a youth age range of 8 to 15, and participants from only two states. Also, the classes vary in size and a convenience sample was completed, meaning the type of sampling is non-probability and was taken amongst individuals that were easily accessible. The disadvantage to this type of surveying is that the results do not represent the whole population, the results may under or over represent the population, and it is considered bias, since only the individuals that agree and want to take the survey are included. Data Displays The data listed above is a frequency table. Frequency tables are used to organize and display data. To give a better visualization of the demographic characteristics and frequency, a bar graph could be used. Sometimes data is displayed with more or less than 100 percent. The percentage total helps determine what graph is appropriate. For example, the percentage total in this particular survey is greater than 100% with variable class sizes. A bar graph would best display the data and help give a visual representation. Depending on the study variables, a bar graph may be difficult to read. In this case, a Pareto chart could be used. This aligns the data by sorting the bars from largest to smallest, making the chart easier to read and interpret (Holmes, Illowsky, & Dean, 2017). Personal Interest The article, Demographic, Parental, and Personal Factors and Youth Athletes’ Concussion-Related Knowledge and Beliefs, is in my particular interest due to the context. As a mother of a twelve-year-old boy that plays football and basketball, I understand the importance of knowing the risk, signs and symptoms, and care for a sports related brain injury and/or concussion. I also understand the importance of spreading awareness and teaching not only our parents but are youth athletes, teachers, school administrators, health professionals, and coaches about the signs and symptoms of concussions. My son is laid back and has a high tolerance for pain. My fear since has always been that he gets injured and I am not aware. Teaching our youth about the importance to recognize, respond, and seek care for concussions can minimize damaging and deadly events. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019). Surveillance report of traumatic brain injury-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths—United States, 2014. https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/basics.html Chamberlain University Library. (n.d.). ProQuest nursing: Nursing and allied health database. https://search-proquest-com.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/nahs/advanced/fromDatabasesLayer?accountid=147674 Holmes, A., Illowsky, B., & Dean, S. (2017). Introductory business statistics. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/details/books/introductory-business-statistics Register-Mihalik J, Williams, Richelle M,PhD., A.T.C., Marshall SW, PhD., Linnan LA, ScD., Mihalik, Jason P, PhD,C.A.T.(C.), A.T.C., Guskiewicz, Kevin M, PhD, ATC,F.N.A.T.A., F.A.C.S.M. (2018). Demographic, parental, and personal factors and youth athletes' Concussion-related knowledge and beliefs. Journal of Athletic Training. 2018 08;53(8):768-75.