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Lee Simmons

Sophia Pathways ENG1020

July 6, 2021

Annotated Bibliography

Brown, M., & Funk, C. (2008). Food security under climate change. Science, 319

(5863), 580-581. doi: 10.1126/science.1154102

The authors claim that developing regions of the globe are likely to face serious

food insecurity as climate change affects crops. These regions are particularly

endangered because they are distinctly vulnerable to the demands of Western

markets (the desire for mono-cropping corn, for example, in order to feed cattle)

and lacking in the kinds of agricultural technology that help farmers cope with

environmental effects on crops. Brown and Funk claim that investing in local food

economies—including sustainability, agricultural technologies, and emergency

plans—will help these areas of the globe acquire enough food in the face of

climate change. This source will be useful to my paper as it provides a big picture

example of the related effects of factory farming and the coming dangers of

climate change that push us to change our eating and food production habits, so

I can use this to discuss both my argument and the counter-arguments.

(Peer-Reviewed Article)

Cook, C. (2004). Diet for a dead planet: How the food industry is killing us. New York,

NY: New Press.

Cook argues that our current food system is destroying us in several ways. For

example, we have pesticides and antibiotics that are used in industrial

agriculture, as well the significant ecological damage of industrial food

production, the stripped nutrients that we now find in our food, and the social

justice issues of farm worker and immigrant labor. This book will be useful to the

conclusion of my essay when I encourage readers to take action beyond just

purchasing choices.

(Book)

Davis, C., & Lin, B.H. (2005). Factors affecting U.S. beef consumption. Retrieved from

https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=37389.

This government website provides information on beef consumption in the United

States. It breaks down beef consumption by geography (highest in the Midwest

and lowest in the Northeast), by percentage eaten by rural or urban consumers,

and by race and ethnicity. This information establishes context for the topic and

will be useful in the introductory paragraphs of my essay to inform readers of the

popularity of eating beef in America.

(Credible Website)

Lappe, A. (2010). Diet for a hot planet: The climate crisis at the end of your fork. New

York, NY: Bloomsbury.

In this book, Lappe describes the effect of industrial food production on global

climate change. She traces food from planting and animal husbandry to harvest

and production, ultimately arguing that we need to take a more local and

sustainable approach to food production. This book will be very useful to my

essay because of the focus on climate change and the discussion of animal

production in particular. These ideas will support the part of my thesis that

focuses on consuming beef that is locally sourced.

(Book)

Palmer, B. (2010). Pass on grass: Is grass-fed beef better for the environment? Slate.

Retrieved from

https://slate.com/technology/2010/12/is-grass-fed-beef-better-for-the-environmen

t.html

Palmer compares the environmental impact of both grain-fed, factory-farmed

beef and grass-fed, free-range beef. Some controversial evidence exists that

grain-fed beef might be better in some ways; however, the expenses of grain,

issues of monocropping corn and soy, and excess manure suggest that grass-fed

is environmentally better. Palmer also emphasizes that however the cow is

raised, “eating beef will never be the greenest thing you do in a day” (para. 2).

This source will be useful to my essay because it tends to favor grass-fed beef

while highlighting the negative environmental impacts of all beef, which will help

me evaluate the environmental consequences of eating beef and discuss

alternative actions.

(Magazine)

Pollan, M. (2002). An animal’s place. The New York Times. Retrieved from

http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/10/magazine/an-animal-s-place.html

Pollan, a well-respected food journalist and activist, engages with the ethical

arguments of vegetarianism, admitting that animals feel pain and fear, and that

they deserve to be treated humanely. He extends this discussion to the ethical

conflicts surrounding factory farming and the negative treatment of animals.

Pollan ultimately rejects vegetarianism and calls, instead, for an early version of

“locavorism,” sourcing one’s food from environmentally responsible and humane

producers who are also geographically close. This article will be useful to my

essay because Pollan’s perspective is foundational to my argument that it

matters how our food is produced and that when it comes to beef, specifically, we

should aim for the most sustainable methods if we’re going to eat it at all.

(Newspaper)

Ruechel, J. (2006). Grass-fed cattle: How to produce and market natural beef. North

Adams, MA. Storey Publishing.

This book is a guide for raising grass-fed cattle. It is useful for describing the

health benefits of grass-fed beef in particular, as well as the more positive

environmental impacts as compared to grain-fed, factory-farmed beef. This

source will be useful to my essay because it provides factual data and statistics

that will support my argument that grass-fed beef is better both for consumers

and the environment.

(Book)

Sager, G. (2008). Where’s your beef from?: Grass-fed beef: Is it green, humane and

healthful? Retrieved from:

http://www.life.ca/naturallife/0812/grassfed_beef_green_humane_ healthful.html

This article compares the differences between grass-fed and grain-fed beef. It

highlights the health benefits of grass-fed over grain-fed, discusses that

grass-fed does not equal organic, and describes the negative global impact of

grass-fed beef—particularly that raised outside the US. This source will be useful

to my argument since it presents a wealth of data and discusses the complexity

of the topic. I will also be able to use this source to present the opposing

viewpoints to my argument.

(Credible Website)

Reflection Questions

1. Accurately recording bibliographic information is essential and saves you time,

as you can transfer this information to the References page of your drafted essay.

Each source entry should include a brief summary of the source as well as 3-4

sentences describing how you intend to use that source to build or support your

argument. Discuss how your annotated bibliography meets these criteria. (2-3

sentences)

My annotated bibliography meets all of these requirements because I have summarized

the source and explained how I am going to use it within my Argumentative essay. I

think this is an important step before drafting the essay, because I’m finding I take less

time gathering information since I’m explaining the validity and usefulness of each

source.

2. Which strategies were most helpful for you when searching for credible

sources? (2-3 sentences)

I found it extremely helpful to look at, not only when the source was published, but

whether or not the information was going to help support my claim or not. On top of that,

crosschecking the information to make sure it is valid. This helped me find sources that I

could utilize fully, instead of pulling one detail from each.

3. What difficulties did you face while searching for credible sources? How did

you overcome these difficulties? (2-3 sentences)

I was able to find a lot of sources that could only provide a small piece of support toward

my claim. It was a bit more difficult to find sources in which I could use more than one

point. I tried to make sure that I was searching for a clear and consistent group of

sources to ensure I didn’t need more than the few sources I found.